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Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a stage of education that plays a crucial role in maximizing children's cognitive, social-emotional, motor skills, and creativity growth at their peak developmental stage. Children aged three to six learn efficiently through play, hands-on exploration, and interaction with their surroundings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of loose parts media based on natural materials as a means to stimulate creativity in early childhood at PAUD Pelita Mandiri Kertek. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach and utilized data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work. The main focus of this study was on the use of various natural materials, such as corn cobs, twigs, pebbles, and leaves, in play and learning activities. The results showed that loose parts media using natural materials can enhance children's creativity by improving problem-solving skills, strengthening verbal skills in expressing ideas and telling stories about their work, and supporting independent learning because children are actively involved in the educational process. The open-ended nature of the materials allows children to explore and express their ideas freely, thus creating a learning atmosphere full of creativity, innovation, and fun. The implications of this research indicate that the use of loose parts media based on natural materials can be an alternative learning method that is not only effective, but also economical and easy to implement to support the development of children's creativity, independence, and thinking skills, in line with the principles of child-centered learning.

Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems among young children. Preschool-aged children are highly dependent on their parents, especially mothers, for dental health care. A mother's level of knowledge is expected to influence the incidence of caries in children. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries among children at Qalby Play School, Bogor Regency. Method: This research employed a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The population consisted of all mothers and their children at Qalby Play School, totaling 30 participants, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess maternal knowledge and odontogram sheets to measure caries incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Result: The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children, with a p-value 0,047 < 0,05. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children. Therefore, it is important for parents, especially mothers, to pay close attention to their children's oral health by ensuring proper and regular tooth brushing and scheduling dental check- ups every six months.

Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) mahasiswa Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Purwosari, Kecamatan Mijen, Kota Semarang pada tanggal 3 Januari hingga 1 Februari 2026. Program ini bertujuan mengatasi permasalahan masyarakat di bidang kesehatan, literasi, keselamatan lingkungan, dan kesejahteraan sosial melalui pendekatan partisipatif yang terintegrasi. Program yang dilaksanakan meliputi pembuatan Taman TOGA, pembagian buku bacaan bergambar ke sekolah dasar, pemasangan kaca cembung di titik blind spot, penyuluhan pencegahan stunting disertai pembagian makanan bergizi, kerja bakti, serta pendampingan Posyandu, PKK, dan PAUD. Hasil program menunjukkan manfaat nyata: taman TOGA fungsional terbangun di halaman kantor kelurahan, 180 buku tersalurkan ke SDN Purwosari 1 dan 2, 3 kaca cembung terpasang di titik rawan kecelakaan, dan 25 paket makanan bergizi terdistribusi kepada anak PAUD. Program-program ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran dan kapasitas masyarakat di bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan keselamatan lingkungan.

Communication is an important aspect in the development of children aged 5–6 years, especially in supporting their language and social-emotional abilities. This study aims to analyze the influence of effective communication through a play approach in early childhood based on the results of previous research. The method used in this study is a quantitative method by conducting observations, research, and observations on effective communication and a play approach in early childhood education. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation and literature searches from journals, articles, and relevant scientific references. Data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing and summarizing the results of previous research. The results show that the play approach has a significant influence on improving children's effective communication skills, such as the courage to speak, the ability to express opinions, social interaction, cooperation, and self-confidence. In addition, play activities have been proven to be able to create a fun learning atmosphere so that children are more active in interacting with peers and teachers. Thus, the play approach can be an effective strategy in developing the communication skills of children aged 5–6 years.

For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

This study examines the legal protection of children's rights to inclusive education and its implications for the institutional governance of Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Indonesia. A normative juridical method with a descriptive-qualitative library-based approach is used to evaluate the coherence between macro-level child protection regulations and operational standards for school management. The data are entirely secondary, sourced from statutory laws, ministerial regulations, and pertinent scientific literature. The findings reveal a fundamental tension: the constitutional rights of children with special needs to access non-discriminatory ECE are robustly guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection, and Law No. 8/2016 on Persons with Disabilities, yet a wide gap persists at the implementation level. This discrepancy arises because derivative ECE governance instruments including accreditation frameworks and curriculum standards still frame inclusion readiness as a voluntary component rather than a binding obligation. Consequently, ECE institutions encounter systemic barriers in human resource management, physical accessibility, and curricular flexibility. The study underscores the urgency of transitioning ECE management toward a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) and recommends that the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education reform accreditation instruments by embedding inclusive indicators as mandatory prerequisites for institutional feasibility, thereby aligning administrative governance with the fulfillment of children's constitutional rights.

The Early Childhood Education (PAUD) curriculum plays an important role in shaping young children’s learning experiences. However, in practice, there are still several challenges, such as a lack of meaningful learning and the suboptimal integration of nationalism values. Therefore, curriculum innovation is needed to incorporate approaches that align with children’s characteristics.This study aims to analyze and develop the concept of transforming the PAUD curriculum based on a multisensory music approach as an effort to strengthen nationalism values in early childhood. The method used is a library research approach by reviewing various sources, including scientific journals, books, and relevant previous studies. The data analysis technique is conducted descriptively and qualitatively through processes of organizing, categorizing, and interpreting data.The results of the study indicate that a multisensory music-based approach can enhance children’s engagement, participation, and understanding in learning. The integration of audio, visual, and kinesthetic elements has proven effective in stimulating children’s motor, cognitive, and affective development. In addition, the use of audio-visual media helps children understand nationalism values in a more concrete and meaningful way.In conclusion, transforming the PAUD curriculum through a multisensory music-based approach is an effective strategy to create enjoyable and holistic learning experiences while strengthening the internalization of nationalism values from an early age.

 Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan pendidikan dasar anak usia dini antara 3-6 tahun berlandaskan pada Ulangan 6:6-9 di PAUD Kristen Agape Sentani.  Pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan tahap pendidikan yang sangat fundamental dalam membentuk dasar perkembangan kognitif, sosial-emosional, moral, dan spiritual anak. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya pengasuhan positif dan minimnya pembentukan nilai moral sejak usia dini dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya perilaku menyimpang, kesulitan pengendalian emosi, serta masalah penyesuaian sosial pada masa remaja dan dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan pengumpulan data melalui penelusuran pustaka yang relevan. Penerapan prinsip nilai Ulangan 6:6-9 dalam pendidikan anak usia dini dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan Firman Tuhan yang harus diajarkan berulang-ulang secara konsisten dalam seluruh aktivitas pembelajaran. Prinsip ulangan 6:6-9 menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan iman harus hadir dalam setiap rutinitas sehingga anak dapat mencerminkan iman dalam lingkungan sekolah yang menciptakan suasana kelas penuh kasih, aman, dan menyenangkan. Ketika prinsip-prinsip ini diimplementasikan secara konsisten melalui kurikulum, metode pembelajaran, lingkungan belajar, dan kemitraan dengan orang tua, PAUD Kristen Kasih Agape Sentani akan mampu mewujudkan visinya dalam membentuk generasi yang mengenal dan mengasihi Tuhan sejak usia dini.

This study, entitled "Developing Emotional Control Skills in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Duyun in Bungabali Village, Pantar Timur District," found that children still struggle to manage their emotions, such as irritability, excessive crying, and difficulty interacting positively with peers. Therefore, effective and enjoyable efforts are needed to help children control their emotions, one of which is through storytelling. This study aims to develop children's emotional control through the application of storytelling to early childhood education at PAUD Duyun. The research method used is a descriptive (exploratory) approach, based on objective observation of a social phenomenon. In this case, the research compiles or creates a clearer picture while data is collected and parts are tested. The results are expected to demonstrate that the application of storytelling can improve children's ability to recognize, express, and control emotions more positively. Furthermore, storytelling activities can also create a fun and interactive learning environment, making it easier for children to understand the emotional values ​​conveyed.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of emotional approach-based organizational management in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in improving children's learning comfort. The emotional approach in PAUD organizational management is an important strategy in creating a safe, enjoyable, and supportive learning environment for children's social and emotional development. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observations, interviews, and documentation involving principals, teachers, and students in PAUD institutions. The results showed that the implementation of an emotional approach in PAUD organizational management could improve children's learning comfort through warm communication between teachers and students, child-friendly classroom management, positive motivation, and good collaboration between schools and parents. In addition, the emotional approach helps children become more confident, active, and socially interactive. Therefore, emotional approach-based organizational management in PAUD plays an important role in creating a conducive learning atmosphere and supporting the optimal development of early childhood learners.

This study is motivated by the importance of the principal’s leadership role in improving the effectiveness of organizational management in Early Childhood Education (ECE) institutions. As an educational leader, the principal is responsible for organizing, directing, and coordinating all available resources in ECE institutions to ensure they function effectively and efficiently. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of principal leadership on ECE organizational management. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that effective principal leadership, particularly democratic and participatory leadership styles, has a positive influence on improving the quality of ECE organizational management in terms of planning, organizing, implementation, and program evaluation. In addition, effective leadership also enhances teacher performance and creates a conducive working environment. The implication of this study suggests that improving the leadership competence of principals is essential to support the optimal management of ECE institutions.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) or Kindergarten (TK) is an important level of education in building the foundations for children's overall development, covering aspects of religious and moral values, physical-motor skills, cognitive skills, language, social-emotional skills, and the arts. The development of PAUD/TK currently shows a positive trend, as seen in the increasing public awareness, number of institutions, and participation of children aged 4–6 years. However, challenges still arise, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, variations in educator competence, differences in access to services between regions, and the need for stimulation at home. Competition among early childhood education institutions is quite fierce, driving innovation in learning quality, teacher competence, facilities, and flagship programs. In this context, marketing management plays a strategic role in building the institution's image, conveying information about educational services, identifying community needs, and increasing the institution's competitiveness in an ethical and sustainable manner. TK Muslimat NU Pakembaran, as a religious-based PAUD institution, plays an important role in developing children's development and instilling Islamic values. Although the marketing strategy is still simple and predominantly based on a familial approach and word-of-mouth promotion, these efforts are effective in building community trust and loyalty. In the future, strengthening a more systematic marketing management can increase competitiveness, expand the reach of information, and support the sustainability of the institution in providing quality, religious, and character-building early childhood education services.

Digital transformation has significantly altered early childhood learning patterns. Platforms such as YouTube have become dominant media consumed by preschool children. Exposure to digital content during the golden age potentially affects moral development, as children remain in a critical phase of imitation and value internalization. This study aims to conceptually analyze the role of parents in assisting early childhood moral development amid YouTube exposure from an Islamic education perspective. The research employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review of reputable national and international journals published between 2020–2026. The analysis involves identification, inclusion-exclusion selection, thematic categorization, and critical synthesis. Findings reveal that effective moral development is strongly influenced by parental mediation patterns, including active mediation, screen-time limitation, Islamic value-based content selection, reflective dialogue, and digital role modeling. The study proposes an integrative Islamic-based digital parenting model combining modern moral development theory and Islamic tarbiyah principles. Theoretically, this study contributes by integrating family digital literacy with Islamic moral education within contemporary educational discourse.

This study was motivated by the low level of independence among Group B children at PAUD Matahari, Tohe Village, Raihat District, Belu Regency. Initial observations revealed that most children still depended on teacher assistance in completing learning activities, particularly in puzzle-solving tasks. Independence is a crucial developmental aspect in early childhood, as it relates to children’s ability to make decisions, complete tasks independently, build self-confidence, and develop a sense of responsibility. Therefore, appropriate instructional strategies are needed to stimulate the development of children’s independence through meaningful and educational play activities. The purpose of this study was to improve children’s independence through puzzle activities. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were 12 children (6 boys and 6 girls). Data were collected using observation sheets with assessment categories: Very Well Developed, Developed as Expected, Beginning to Develop, and Not Yet Developed. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods by calculating the percentage of improvement in each cycle. The results indicated a significant increase in children’s independence from Cycle I to Cycle II. Thus, puzzle activities proved effective in enhancing the independence of Group B children at PAUD Matahari.

Instilling saving habits from an early age is an essential component of character education, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, and independence. Initial observations at PAUD Nurul Islam, Jelutih Village indicate that early childhood saving interest remains relatively low due to limited engaging learning media and the absence of structured habituation. This Community Service Program (KKN) aims to foster early childhood saving interest through creative piggy bank media aligned with children’s developmental characteristics. The implementation method comprised planning, execution, and evaluation stages. During execution, children were introduced to saving concepts through simple storytelling and interactive dialogue, followed by hands-on creation of creative piggy banks using simple, child-friendly materials. These piggy banks were then used to habituate saving behavior. The results demonstrate increased enthusiasm and saving interest among children, reflected in their willingness to set aside money and heightened responsibility toward their piggy banks. Therefore, creative piggy bank media serve as an effective alternative learning tool for fostering saving interest and positive character development among early childhood learners at PAUD Nurul Islam, Jelutih Village.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the family environment on effective communication skills in early childhood. The family environment, as the first and foremost setting, plays a crucial role in shaping children's communication skills, both through parenting styles, verbal interactions, and the emotional atmosphere within the home. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis techniques, which focuses on describing phenomena based on data obtained through observation and literature review. The results show that children who grow up in a communicative, supportive, and responsive family environment tend to have better communication skills, such as the ability to express opinions, listen well, and interact effectively with others. Conversely, a less harmonious family environment with minimal interaction can hinder the development of children's communication skills. Thus, it can be concluded that the family environment has a significant influence on the effective communication skills of early childhood, so the role of parents is essential in creating a positive and constructive communication atmosphere within the family.

Inclusive Early Childhood Education (PAUD) faces significant challenges in the era of digital disruption, particularly in integrating technology with meaningful and contextual learning. This study aims to develop and implement a contextual deep learning strategy through the ASYIK, ATIK, and SIUUL models. The research used a participatory workshop method combined with experiential learning and collaborative inquiry approaches, involving 50 PAUD practitioners in the Cikarang area. The findings showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge and a very high level of satisfaction, with 98% reporting satisfaction or high satisfaction. The learning simulations demonstrated the successful application of creative and contextual strategies to support inclusive education for children with special needs. Participants were highly motivated to implement these models in their institutions. The study recommends continuous technical support, the development of adaptive learning media, and the establishment of practitioner communities to ensure the sustainable implementation of inclusive education. These efforts are essential to enhance the quality and inclusiveness of early childhood education in the digital era.

The Pious Children Festival is a collaborative work program implemented by students (KKN) of Batang Hari Islamic University in Jelutih Village, Batin XXIV District. This activity aims to instill religious values ​​and strengthen children's self-confidence from an early age. A pious child is defined as an individual who consistently behaves well, possesses strong faith, and is devout in practicing Islamic teachings. The objectives of the Pious Children Festival include: (1) increasing children's enthusiasm for studying Islamic teachings, (2) developing children's interests and talents in religious matters, and (3) fostering children's self-confidence in showcasing their abilities. This activity is packaged in the form of religious competitions that include the call to prayer (adhan), memorization of short surahs (chapters), daily prayers, Qur'an recitation, and an Islamic fashion show. Participants from the PAUD (Early Childhood Education), Kindergarten (TK), and RA (Islamic Elementary School) levels take part. The implementation method involves several stages: analyzing the needs of early childhood children, planning activities, implementing programs, and evaluating and following up on the results. The results of the Pious Children Festival demonstrated an increased enthusiasm among the children of Jelutih Village for learning about Islam. Furthermore, this activity also had a positive impact on increasing the children's courage and confidence in showcasing their religious talents. This was evident in the changes in the attitudes of several boys who previously lacked confidence in performing the call to prayer, but after participating in this activity, became more courageous and confident.

The Pious Children Festival is a collaborative work program implemented by students (KKN) of Batang Hari Islamic University in Jelutih Village, Batin XXIV District. This activity aims to instill religious values ​​and strengthen children's self-confidence from an early age. A pious child is defined as an individual who consistently behaves well, possesses strong faith, and is devout in practicing Islamic teachings. The objectives of the Pious Children Festival include: (1) increasing children's enthusiasm for studying Islamic teachings, (2) developing children's interests and talents in religious matters, and (3) fostering children's self-confidence in showcasing their abilities. This activity is packaged in the form of religious competitions that include the call to prayer (adhan), memorization of short surahs (chapters), daily prayers, Qur'an recitation, and an Islamic fashion show. Participants from the PAUD (Early Childhood Education), Kindergarten (TK), and RA (Islamic Elementary School) levels take part. The implementation method involves several stages: analyzing the needs of early childhood children, planning activities, implementing programs, and evaluating and following up on the results. The results of the Pious Children Festival demonstrated an increased enthusiasm among the children of Jelutih Village for learning about Islam. Furthermore, this activity also had a positive impact on increasing the children's courage and confidence in showcasing their religious talents. This was evident in the changes in the attitudes of several boys who previously lacked confidence in performing the call to prayer, but after participating in this activity, became more courageous and confident.

Motor development in early childhood is a crucial foundation for executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the current sedentary lifestyle and gadget dependency hinder the optimization of this physical potential. This community service aims to enhance children's self-confidence and physical agility through the "Active Movement Exploration: Fun Agility Game" program. The activity was conducted at TK Negeri PAUD Tamalate, Makassar, involving 93 children in the initial observation. The method employed was Guided Modeling-Practice, which includes agility circuit preparation, demonstration, and guided exploration. The game instruments included Zig-Zag Safari, Stop-Go Traffic, Balance River Stones, Ball-to-Target Trail, and Choose-Your-Path. The results showed a significant improvement in Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in agility, balance, and manipulative coordination. Additionally, there was progress in psychological aspects, specifically in self-regulation, autonomy, and self-efficacy. In conclusion, the integration of structured yet enjoyable agility games is effective in building a strong physical and character foundation in early childhood.