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This study examines how parents can serve as role models in fostering the spiritual growth of their adolescents. Parents play a fundamental role in shaping their children's character and faith by providing positive examples that adolescents can imitate in their daily lives. Spiritual growth during adolescence is particularly important because it serves as a strong foundation for their future faith, values, and moral development. The purpose of this study is to explore how parental role modeling influences adolescents' spiritual growth. This research employed a qualitative methodology using a library research approach. Relevant books, journal articles, theological literature, and other scholarly references were analyzed to examine theories and concepts related to parental roles and adolescent spiritual formation. The findings indicate that effective parental role modeling is demonstrated through words, behavior, love, faithfulness, integrity, and purity, which encourage adolescents to develop a deeper relationship with God and practice Christian values consistently. The study concludes that parents should actively model faith in everyday life as an essential part of educating their adolescents. By becoming living examples of Christian values, parents can significantly contribute to nurturing adolescents' spiritual maturity and strengthening their commitment to a lifelong life of faith.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in building attachment relationships, due to ASD children experiencing impairments in communication, social interaction, and emotional regulation. This study aims to identify effective intervention strategies to improve the quality of attachment between parents and children with ASD through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review findings indicate that several interventions have proven effective in enhancing attachment between parents or primary caregivers and children with ASD, including the following interventions: DIR/Floortime, Focused Playtime Intervention (FPI), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Circle of Security (COS), Positive Behavior Support (PBS), play training, massage therapy, and psychoeducation. The results of these interventions show that changes occur before and after the intervention, including strengthening two-way communication, increasing parental sensitivity, and improving the child's emotional responses. These findings have practical implications for parents, educators, and therapists in designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive relationship-based interventions can build secure attachments between children with ASD and their parents and serve as an important reference in attachment-based parenting and therapy practices.

Diarrhea is a condition characterized by increased frequency of bowel movements (BAB) of ≥3 times/day with a more liquid consistency. Diarrhea can be caused by infectious or non-infectious agents. Diarrhea can occur acutely, lasting less than 2 weeks, or chronically, lasting more than 2 weeks. The prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers is 12.3% and in infants is 10.6%.3 Based on data from the Medan City Health Office, the incidence of diarrhea in 2023 is estimated to be 66,802 cases across all ages and 32,324 cases in toddlers, with almost half of diarrhea sufferers being children. The Medan City Health Office reported the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers was 2,894 cases and adults 14,112 cases, or approximately 20.5%. Parents are one of the closest people and act as caregivers for children, so they have a crucial role in controlling diarrhea in children, including early management and prevention. Good parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding the management and prevention of diarrhea can reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in children.

According to the latest data from WHO (World Health Organization) in 2024, there were around 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea in children worldwide which resulted in 443,832 deaths in children under 5 years of age each year, and an additional 50,851 children aged 9 years, while the country with the most diarrhea in children in the United States was 350 million cases each year and 48 million of them were caused by bacteria in food. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. This type of research is quantitative analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The independent variable in the study is the role of parents, while the dependent variable is the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The population in this study were all children suffering from diarrhea at the Gedang Village Health Center in 2024 as many as 283 people with a sample of 74 people. The sampling technique used was the Accidental Sampling technique. This study was conducted in the Working Area of ​​the Gedang Village Health Center, Sungai Penuh City, in January-June 2025. The results showed that most 47 (63.5%) respondents had poor parental roles, and most 42 (56.8%) respondents had poor initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years, with the results of the statistical test (Chi-Square) obtained a value of p = 0.005 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study shows that there is a relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The researcher's suggestion from the results of the study is that it can be applied in daily nursing practice, such as providing health education regarding the first handling of diarrhea, so that the role of parents will be even better.

Children with disabilities live with one or more conditions, physical, cognitive, sensory, or social, that limit their daily activities. These conditions necessitate specialized care and attention tailored to their specific needs. This study aims to explore how parents come to terms with their child’s condition, the factors that influence this acceptance, and its overall impact on family well-being. The results suggest that parental acceptance is rarely a straightforward process. It involves a complex emotional journey, often moving through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, and depression before reaching a point of acceptance. The speed and depth of this process are heavily influenced by both internal and external factors. Internally, spiritual values, educational background, and effective coping strategies play a vital role. Externally, the presence of social support and access to healthcare services are crucial. When parents embrace their child’s condition with unconditional love and focus on their potential, it significantly enhances the child’s developmental outcomes. Conversely, a lack of acceptance can increase the burden of caregiving and hinder the child’s progress.

Divorce is the legal and religious termination of a husband-wife relationship. This severance of the relationship can have psychological consequences, making children more susceptible to depression. These psychological impacts include deep sadness, resulting in depression, feelings of loss, shame, anger, disappointment, denial, self-acceptance, and feelings of blame toward the parents. These psychological impacts are naturally the result of the support, emotional support, and presence of the parents before, during, and after the divorce. This study employed a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach, conducted through semi-structured interviews. The aim is to raise awareness among readers that divorce not only impacts the husband and wife but also the psychological impact on children, which is often considered unimportant. However, the mental health of children after divorce is a crucial issue that requires attention. This is where the role of parents is crucial in shaping their character and psychological development. This study concludes that children who are victims of divorce tend to seek out activities outside the home, as the integrity of their home is no longer there. Children experience sadness and loss most acutely. Furthermore, children are more wary of future relationships due to a loss of trust in the meaning of romantic relationships. Low self-acceptance also makes it difficult for children to control their emotions.

Stunting is a health issue that remains a concern for the government, particularly in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely the nutritional status of children under five. Stunting, or chronic malnutrition, causes children to fail to grow, which is influenced by mothers' knowledge of nutritional fulfillment in children, especially from the first 1,000 days of birth until the child is 2 years old. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on parents in preventing stunting in Sumeith Pasinaro Village. The targets of this study were pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and parents who had children aged 1-5 years. This study used a One Group Pre-test-Post-test design with paired sample t-test analysis. There were 12 participants in the activity. Data were collected through a multiple-choice questionnaire administered before and after the socialization with the material “Prevent Stunting from the Heart.” The average pre-test score of the participants was 6.75 and then increased to 9.33 on the post-test, with a difference of 2.58. The paired sample t-test results showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.014 (< 0.05), indicating a significant increase in participants' knowledge after receiving education. Therefore, health education through socialization activities is effective in increasing mothers' knowledge about stunting prevention. Activities like this are important to continue as an effort to reduce the incidence of stunting in the community.

Latar Belakang: Remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari anak-anak ke masa menuju dewasa dan selama perubahan tersebut akan ada terjadi perubahan baik secara hormonal, fisik, perilaku serta hubungan sosial. Kekerasan verbal dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik di lingkungan kerja, lingkungan rumah, sesama teman, maupun kedua orangtua terhadap anaknya. Kekerasan verbal tentu bukanlah hal yang dapat dinormalisasi dalam kehidupan. Kekerasan verbal merupakan kekerasan yang dilakukan dengan kata-kata kasar, hinaan, umpatan, olok kan, dan perkataan lain yang membuat lawan bicara marah, tersinggung, atau emosi. Studi pendahuluan pada remaja usia 12-15 tahun dari 5 anak (100%) tersebut semuanya sering menggunakan kata tidak baik, seperti anjay, resek, brengsek, kimey. Tujuan: peningkatan pengetahuan dan penerapan komunikasi verbal dan non verbal yang digunakan kelompok remaja usia 12-15 tahun Metode: Pengabdian masayarakt ini menggunakan motode ceramah dengan bentuk penyuluhan kesehatan Hasil: Penyuluhan yang dilakukan pada remaja yang awalnya sekitar 87% mereka kurang faham jenis komunikasi verbal dan non verbal yang baik dan benar untuk komunikasi sehari-hari, selama ini komunikasi yang digunakan dengan teman merupakan kata-kata umum dikalangan remaja sehingga menganggap kata-kata tersebut hal biasa menjadi 95% mengerti, bisa menerapkan komunikasi verbal dan non verbal yang baik, remaja mengerti bahwa kata-kata selama ini yang mereka ucapkan termasuk tindakan bullying. Kesimpulan: Komunikasi merupakan hal yang mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak remaja dalam menjalani kehidupan menuju dewasa nanti. Komunikasi yang baik akan memberikan dampak yang baik pula demikian sebaliknya jika komunikasi tidak baik maka akan terbawa hingga dewasa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami strategi komunikasi orangtua dalam membatasi penggunaan ponsel anak usia 8–10 tahun di Dukuh Kayon, Desa Batursari, Kecamatan Mranggen, Kabupaten Demak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan lima informan orangtua dari latar belakang sosial ekonomi berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi orangtua bervariasi antara otoritatif, permisif terbatas, dan dialogis. Pola komunikasi dialogis dengan pendekatan active mediation lebih efektif dalam menumbuhkan literasi digital serta membentuk disiplin belajar anak. Kendala yang dihadapi orangtua meliputi keterbatasan waktu, tekanan sosial dari lingkungan teman sebaya, serta tuntutan akademik berbasis digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi komunikasi dialogis yang konsisten, ditopang kolaborasi sekolah dan komunitas, dapat memperkuat pengasuhan digital dan meminimalkan dampak negatif penggunaan ponsel pada anak.

Dalam rangka menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi, Dari data WHO tahun 2019 memperkirakan 85,5% bayi per 1000 kelahiran hidup (Under Five Mortality), ibu yang mempunyai bayi tidak melakukan pijat pada bayinya tiap tahunnya, sedangkan bayi yang dipijat tiap tahunnya hanya 14,5%. Pijat bayi adalah memberikan sentuhan pada tubuh bayi yang bermanfaat untuk menstimulasi tumbuh kembang bayi dan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengungkapkan kasih sayang orangtua terhadap bayinya. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskritif dengan menggunakan kuesinior yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi dan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bayi yang ada di Dusun IV Desa Serbajadi  Tahun 2022 dengan menggunakan Total sampling sebanyak 40 orang. Dengan menggunakan 20 pertanyaan hasil penelitian didapatkan 40 responden, bahwa responden dengan kategori baik hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi berpengetahuan kurang, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang pijat bayi sebanyak 93% sedangkan ibu yang pengetahuan baik sebanyak 7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan di Dusun IV desa Serbajadi agar lebih lagi ditingkatkan pengetahuan tentang Pijat bayi sehingga bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik dan terampil.

Dalam rangka menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi, Dari data WHO tahun 2019 memperkirakan 85,5% bayi per 1000 kelahiran hidup (Under Five Mortality), ibu yang mempunyai bayi tidak melakukan pijat pada bayinya tiap tahunnya, sedangkan bayi yang dipijat tiap tahunnya hanya 14,5%. Pijat bayi adalah memberikan sentuhan pada tubuh bayi yang bermanfaat untuk menstimulasi tumbuh kembang bayi dan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengungkapkan kasih sayang orangtua terhadap bayinya. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskritif dengan menggunakan kuesinior yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi dan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bayi yang ada di Dusun IV Desa Serbajadi  Tahun 2022 dengan menggunakan Total sampling sebanyak 40 orang. Dengan menggunakan 20 pertanyaan hasil penelitian didapatkan 40 responden, bahwa responden dengan kategori baik hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi berpengetahuan kurang, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang pijat bayi sebanyak 93% sedangkan ibu yang pengetahuan baik sebanyak 7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan di Dusun IV desa Serbajadi agar lebih lagi ditingkatkan pengetahuan tentang Pijat bayi sehingga bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik dan terampil.

This research aims to find out what parenting models for parents with children with visual disabilities can be applied. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study approach through journals, books, and previous research. The result of the research is that children with visual disabilities have different parenting patterns from parents with other disabilities or non-disabilities. Children with visual disabilities must be given the best during their golden age and after that period give confidence and independence to children, after adolescence children have friends and parents must recognize and control children's friendships so as not to fall into something wrong, when children with visual disabilities grow up parents help children to be able to make the best decisions for themselves until children can make rational decisions and with mature thinking.

This research examines the relationship between Christian ethics, children's human rights, and parental responsibilities in the context of Christian families. Referring to ethical principles ethical principles derived from the Bible, this study highlights the importance of recognising children's children's rights as a mandate from God that must be protected and honoured by parents. Through a theological approach, this article explores how parents can fulfil their responsibilities in educating and raising children with love, justice and integrity. It also examines the challenges faced by Christian families in implementing Christian ethical values in the midst of changing social dynamics. Christian ethical values in the midst of changing social dynamics. By emphasising the importance of moral and spiritual education, this article aims to provide guidance for parents in fulfilling children's rights and creating a family environment that supports the growth of character in accordance with the teachings of Christ. The results are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of parents in the context of children's human rights and Christian ethics, and the implications for contemporary family life.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of stress and physical activity with the occurrence of fluor albus (vaginal discharge) in young women in vocational high schools.Methods: This study uses a cross-correlation correlation design. The population of this research is vocational high school students on January 17, 2020involving a sample of 76 respondents. Data obtained by structured interviews, stress research instruments using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21)questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire and vaginal discharge questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test.Results:Based on the results of the study found 40respondents (52.6%) experienced vaginal discharge,and 36 respondents (47.4%) did not experience vaginal discharge. After doing the chi square test, the p value stress is 0.001 <0.005, and the physical activity with the value of p value is 0.001 <0.005,which means that stress and physical activity have a significant relationship.Conclusion: From this study there is a significant relationship between stress and physical activity with the incidence of fluor albus in girls in vocational school.

This research is titled "The Influence of Parental Communication on Children's Behavior in Kelapapatí Tengah Village, Bengkalis District". The aim is to get an overview of parent-child communication, identify factors hindering communication, and the extent to which parental communication affects children's behavior. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) Parent-child communication in Kelapapatí Village sometimes goes well, but there are still some that are not good, causing concern and influencing children's behavior outside the home; (2) Factors hindering communication are job demands (career) and the economy; (3) The influence of parental communication on children's behavior can be seen from changes in children's attitudes at home and school, such as lack of respect for teachers and parents, frequent quarrels with friends, often using harsh words, and others. This will have an impact on children's development in the future.

This research is titled "The Influence of Parental Communication on Children's Behavior in Kelapapatí Tengah Village, Bengkalis District". The aim is to get an overview of parent-child communication, identify factors hindering communication, and the extent to which parental communication affects children's behavior. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) Parent-child communication in Kelapapatí Village sometimes goes well, but there are still some that are not good, causing concern and influencing children's behavior outside the home; (2) Factors hindering communication are job demands (career) and the economy; (3) The influence of parental communication on children's behavior can be seen from changes in children's attitudes at home and school, such as lack of respect for teachers and parents, frequent quarrels with friends, often using harsh words, and others. This will have an impact on children's development in the future.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Positive and Significant Relationship Between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior in the School Environment of Grade XI Students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This research method is a quantitative research method. The population of this study included all grade XI students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung who were Protestant Christians totaling 141 people, but only 36 people were determined as samples taken using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire of 42 items, 20 items for variable X and 22 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior of Students in the SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung Environment. This is proven by: 1) The positive relationship test obtained the value of rxy = 0.597> rtable = 0.329, thus it is concluded that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) The significant relationship test obtained the value of tcount = 4.336> ttable = 2.042. Thus Ha which states that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Relationship between Parental Guidance and Christian Social Behavior of Students in the School Environment of Class XI SMA Negeri 3 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Academic Year is accepted.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This study uses a quantitative descriptive inferential approach, with a population of 159 people and a sample of 32 people, which is 20% of the population. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 28 items. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This is proven by r count > r table of 0.804 > 0.349 and t count > t table of 7.387 > 2.042, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.    

The study aims to determine the effect of parental attention on the interest in learning PAK of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between parental attention on the interest in learning PAK of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The quantitative research method is descriptive and inferential. The population of all class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 159 people. The random sampling is 25% of the population, which is 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of the data analysis obtained: a) The value of r count = 0.647> r table = 0.312 and t count = 5.231> t table = 2.02439 indicates a positive and significant relationship between parental attention to the interest in learning PAK of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. b) Regression equation. c) Determination test shows that the magnitude of the influence is 41.86%. d) Hypothesis test obtained F count = 27.411> F table = 3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between parental attention to the interest in learning PAK of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.    

The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of Filial Play in increasing the ability of parents to regulate emotions and empathize while accompanying children. Qualitative research method with a narrative research approach using NVIVO-12. The results showed that by being given Filial Play treatment, namely structuring skills, setting boundaries, attentive listening, and child-centered games for 3 months so that the informants could carry out Filial Play a flexible and integrated manner. By applying the four Filial Play skills, parents become better able to regulate emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression. In addition, parents are better able to empathize, namely by understanding the child's point of view (perspective taking), placing oneself in the position of others (online stimulation), emotional contagion (emotional contagion), drifting/getting carried away with feelings (peripheral responsiveness), and sympathy/feel what is felt by the child (proximal responsiveness). There is an effectiveness of Filial Play in increasing the ability of parents to regulate emotions children.