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This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) costs and financial characteristics on tax avoidance practices among publicly listed companies with the largest market capitalization in Indonesia. The study is motivated by Indonesia’s relatively low tax ratio compared to other emerging economies in the ASEAN region, which suggests the persistence of tax avoidance practices, particularly among large corporations. Grounded in legitimacy theory and agency theory, this research empirically investigates the influence of CSR costs, profitability, leverage, liquidity, activity ratio, growth ratio, and operating cash flow on tax avoidance. The research sample consists of 50 companies with the largest market capitalization listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2020–2024 period, employing a census sampling method and unbalanced panel data. Secondary data were obtained from annual financial reports and analyzed using panel data regression techniques. Tax avoidance is measured using the Book-Tax Differences (BTD) approach, while model selection is determined through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test. The results indicate that, simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Partially, the activity ratio has a negative effect on tax avoidance, whereas the growth ratio and operating cash flow have a positive effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, CSR costs, profitability, leverage, and liquidity do not show a significant effect. These findings suggest that asset utilization efficiency tends to restrain tax avoidance behavior, while corporate growth dynamics and strong operating cash flows encourage more aggressive tax management strategies. This study provides empirical evidence from an emerging market context and offers insights for tax authorities and regulators in designing more effective, risk-based tax supervision policies.

Technology sector companies are known for rapid innovation but also face high uncertainty, which is likely to cause financial distress. In Indonesia, several technology firms publicly traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) experienced declining profitability and negative operating cash flows during the 2021–2023 period. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of profitability and operating cash flow on financial distress, with firm value as an intervening variable. The research addresses inconsistencies in financial indicators—declining profits do not always indicate financial distress, especially when firm value is not taken into account. Using secondary data from annual reports and the Investing website, this study makes use of a quantitative method involving path analysis. A purposive sampling technique resulted in 78 firm-year observations. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. It was found that both firm value is positively and significantly affected by profitability and operating cash flow. However, only operating cash flow and firm value have a statistically significant positive relationship with financial distress, unlike profitability. Furthermore, firm value does not mediate the relationship between profitability and financial distress but does mediate the relationship between operating cash flow and financial distress. These findings suggest that operating cash flow is a more reliable indicator than profitability in predicting financial distress and emphasize the mediating role of firm value in financial instability.

This study examines the effect of liquidity, leverage, cash flow, and managerial agency cost on financial distress among manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that liquidity and cash flow have a significant negative effect on financial distress, indicating that firms with higher current ratios and stronger operating cash flows are less likely to experience financial difficulties. In contrast, leverage and managerial agency costs have a significant positive effect, suggesting that excessive debt and inefficient managerial spending increase the likelihood of financial distress. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.983 indicates that these four variables explain 98.3% of the variation in financial distress. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining financial efficiency and controlling agency costs to enhance corporate financial stability.

The research aimed to Emphasise the significance of the statement of cash flows developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Understand the concept of documented accounting information and Highlighting financial fraud and how to minimize it. The research problem was as follows from the fact that the financial statements, which do not contain the basic characteristics of accounting information, including reliability, will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that not taking into account the preparation of the cash flow statement will inevitably reduce the reliability of accounting information, resulting in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms. Hence, the main research problem is the following question: Does enhancing the reliability of accounting information according to the preparation of the cash flow statement reduce financial fraud? The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are International accounting standards can be said to be a written statement issued by an authorized body aimed at unifying and coordinating accounting treatments and policies to reach unified results for a set of financial transactions for ease of comparisons and understanding by the relevant parties. The statement of cash flows works to provide historical changes in financial institutions and others through and for a specific period of time and these flows are either operational, investment or financing for their various activities. The research reached many recommendations, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the different economic units to prepare a statement of cash flows because of the information it provides on historical changes in the different economic units and their quality, whether operational, investment or financing.

Since PSAK converges with IFRS, the content of the income statement format is not only net income, but there are other comprehensive income and profit attribution. The latest statement of financial position contains additional information, namely equity attributable to the ownership of the parent entity and non-controlling interests. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of observation and discovery of any influence behind the quality of profit. Population as many as 15 companies sub-sector plastic and packaging. The sample was 9 companies, with 27 observational data. The results of the analysis showed that comprehensive income and equity attributable to the ownership of the parent entity and to non-controlling interests significantly positively affect the quality of profits, while equity attributable to the owners of the parent entity, the size of the company and operating cash flows significantly did not affect the quality of profits. The novelty of this study is about the attribution of profit and equity, in the form of testing the effect of profit attribution and equity attribution on the quality of profit.

Financial reports are records of financial information from a company in an accounting period. The existence of financial reports that can be used to describe company performance, especially in the financial sector. The purpose of financial reports is to provide information about the financial position and cash flows of an entity that is useful for the majority of users of financial reports in making economic decisions. The culinary business of Timor Sea grilled fish and kupang sei pork is one of the businesses operating in the culinary business sector. Since this business was built, the Timor Sea Grilled Fish and Kupang Sei Pork culinary business has not recorded financial reports so that sometimes errors occur in detailing the income and expenses of the business.

Financial reporting is a crucial tool for public companies in aiding internal decision-making regarding the development of business activities. To provide meaningful value, financial statements must be presented and accounted for accurately. According to IFRS and SAK, consolidated financial statements represent the assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses, and cash flows of the parent and subsidiary entities as a single economic entity.Segment reporting, now referred to as operating segments, encompasses components of an entity engaged in business activities, regularly evaluated for resource allocation decision-making and performance assessment. This research focuses on the segment reporting disclosure at PT Unilever Tbk and its subsidiaries. Through the ten percent revenue test, ten percent profit or loss test, and ten percent asset test, it was found that segments related to household, personal care, and food and beverages meet the segment reporting criteria.The results of this analysis provide a deeper understanding of the financial statements of PT Unilever Tbk and its subsidiaries, supporting the conclusion that these segments meet the segment reporting requirements under PSAK No. 5.  

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the economic recession resulting from an increase in interest rates on sales, cash flows, and stock prices of property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study examines the impact of the economic recession on sales, cash flow, and stock prices before the issue of the economic recession in the Q3 2022 period and after the recession issue appears in the Q4 2022 period. The measurement of cash flow and sales takes data from financial reports, while stock prices use the closing price of shares. This study uses a sample of property companies that have published their financial reports on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis of this study uses multiple linear regressions with the help of (Statistical Package for Social Science) SPSS 25. The results of this study indicate that (a) sales of property companies in Indonesia affect the issue of economic recession. (b) operating cash flows of property companies in Indonesia affect the issue of global economic recession (c) stock prices of property companies in Indonesia have no effect on the global economic recession.

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of cash flows and the effectiveness of using cash flow reports as an indicator of the financial performance of the Magelang city government in 2018-2021. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method based on secondary data, namely the cash flow report of the Magelang city government. The data was taken through the official website of the Magelang City government. Based on this research, it can be seen that the overall cash flow growth in 2018-2021 for operating, investment, financing and transitory activities indicates a fairly good financial performance from the Magelang city government. In addition, relatively high free cash flow indicates that the Magelang city government has cash left that can be used for various activities to support high-quality public services

Persistent earning show that the company is able to maintain sustainable profits. With this in mind, this study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of Permanent Differences, Temporary Differences, and Operating Cash Flows on Profit Persistence moderated by Good Corporate Governance in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. This study uses secondary data and analyzed using Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Square. The results of the study show that only temporary differences have a significant effect on earnings persistence and Good Corporate Governance can weaken the relationship between temporary differences and earnings persistence.

In order to achieve targets, companies need healthy funds to improve their performance. Companies can find out the availability of funds through the company's cash flow reports. This study aims to analyze PT KAI's cash flow ratio during 2014-2019. The research is descriptive quantitative by calculating the cash flow ratios. The cash flow ratio used is the cash liquidity ratio, which includes the operational cash flow ratio (AKO), the cash to interest coverage ratio (CKP), the capital expenditure ratio (PM) and the total debt ratio (TH). After calculating the ratio, do a growth ratio analysis during 2014-2019. The data used is PT KAI's audited financial statements for the 2014-2019 period. The results of the study show that PT KAI's cash flow ratio as a whole is still in a bad condition. The four ratios of operating cash flows used in this study, there are three ratios have a value of less than 1, namely the ratio of cash sweeps to current debt (AKO), the ratio of capital expenditure (PM) and the ratio amount of debt (TH). Meanwhile, one other ratio, namely the cash to interest coverage ratio (CKB), is worth more than 1.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gross profit, operating profit and net profit in predicting future cash flows (study of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period). In this study, the population is the number of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017-2019, totaling 149 companies. The sample in this research is 19 companies with purposive sampling method. The results of the study show that gross profit has a positive and significant effect on predicting future cash flows with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that gross profit can predict future cash flows in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2017 period 2019. Operating profit does not have a positive and significant effect on predicting future cash flows with a significance value of 0.774 <0.05, so it can be concluded that operating profit cannot predict future cash flows in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period. Net profit has a positive and significant effect on predicting future cash flows with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that net income can predict future cash flows in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period