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This research aims to examine the influence of firm size, operating capacity, and sales growth on financial distress, with profitability serving as a moderating variable. The study employs a purposive sampling technique and selects 96 companies from the primary consumer sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The data are analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the assistance of SPSS version 22. The findings reveal that firm size does not have a significant impact on financial distress, indicating that larger firms do not necessarily experience lower financial risk. In contrast, operating capacity and sales growth have a significant and positive influence on financial distress, suggesting that higher capacity utilization and increased sales activities may heighten financial vulnerability. Furthermore, profitability effectively moderates the relationships between firm size, operating capacity, and sales growth with financial distress. This result highlights the vital role of profitability in strengthening a company’s financial stability and mitigating potential financial distress or bankruptcy.  

Financial distress refers to a company’s persistent inability to meet financial obligations, signaling severe monetary strain that precedes formal bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings. This study investigates the impact of intellectual capital (VAICTM), operational capacity (TATO), capital structure (DER), and operating cash flow (OCF) on financial distress (Altman Z-Score), with profitability (ROA) serving as a mediating variable. The theoretical framework of this research is grounded in signaling theory, agency theory, and resource-based view theory. The study focuses on basic materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023. The study utilized criterion-based sampling to select qualified respondents. Secondary datasets were analyzed through panel regression and path analysis, with Eviews 12 as the computational tool. Key findings include: (1) intellectual capital and operating capacity demonstrate a statistically significant positive influence on profitability; (2) capital structure exerts a significant adverse impact on profitability; (3) operating cash flow exhibits no statistically discernible impact on profitability; (4) both operating cash flow and profitability are positively and significantly associated with increased financial distress; (5) capital structure displays a significant inverse relationship with financial distress severity; (6) intellectual capital and operating capacity show no statistically significant associations with direct financial distress prediction; (7) profitability partially mediates the influence of intellectual capital, operating capacity, and capital structure on financial distress; and (8) profitability does not serve as a mediating variable between operating cash flow and financial distress.

This study aims to examine whether leverage, profitability and operating capacity affect financial distress in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019-2023. The data used is secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id website. Determination of samples in research using porpusive sampling methods with special criteria. The results of the analysis are known to be a significant value of  leverage of 0.000 < 0.05 with a calculation of -4.862 < table 1.992, so the variable leverage has a significant negative effect on financial distress conditions. The significant value on profitability is 0.000 < 0.05 with a count of 9,196 > table 1,992. So the probability variable has a significant positive effect on financial distress conditions. Significant value in Operating Capacity of 0.000 < 0.05 with a calculation of 8.422 > table 1.992, So operating capacity has a significant positive effect on financial distress.

Pentingnya menganalisis financial distress pada perusahaan adalah dapat mempertimbangkan suatu permasalahn pada keuangan yang timbul pada perusahaan yang akan berdampak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap operasional perusahaan, oleh sebab itu pemimpin perusahaan harus mengantisipasi kondisi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi financial distress (studi kasus pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia tahun 2020-2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel likuiditas berpengaruh posisitif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Variabel leverage berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Variabel operating capacity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Variabel sales growth tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Variabel ukuran perusahaan tidak bepengaruh terhadap financial distress.

Financial distress is a financial condition of a company that is in a state of crisis. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of liquidity, leverage, operating capacity, profitability, and firm growth on financial distress. The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018 with the sampling technique using porposive sampling or criteria. Based on the technique, obtained sample of 112 companies. The results of this study indicate that liquidity and profitability has a significant effect on the financial distress of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. Meanwhile, leverage, operating capacity, and firm growth have no effect on the financial distress of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange.