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This study investigates the effect of adding onion peel extract as a corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion rate and hardness of radiator pipes. The research employed an experimental method with inhibitor concentrations of 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. Corrosion rate testing was conducted using electrochemical methods, while hardness was measured using the Vickers method. The findings reveal that the addition of onion peel extract at a concentration of 300 ppm significantly reduced the corrosion rate to 0.081 mmpy, achieving an inhibition efficiency of 56.45%. Furthermore, the same concentration enhanced the surface hardness of radiator pipes to 255.403 Kgf/mm². These results demonstrate that onion peel extract has strong potential as an eco-friendly organic corrosion inhibitor. Its dual function in reducing corrosion and improving mechanical properties highlights its applicability in radiator pipe protection and sustainable engineering practices. The study contributes to the development of natural inhibitors as alternatives to synthetic chemicals, aligning with environmental preservation efforts and advancing green technology in material protection.

This community service activity aims to empower the Galansia Business Group in Sait Buttu Saribu Village, Pematang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency, which is engaged in the processing of agricultural products and household products. The main problems faced by the partners include limited production capacity, inconsistent product quality, simple business management, and traditional marketing methods. To overcome these problems, the community service team applied a participatory approach by providing appropriate technology, business management assistance, and digital marketing training. The results of the activities showed a significant increase in production capacity, time efficiency, and product quality consistency thanks to the use of onion slicing machines and liquid soap mixing machines. In terms of marketing, the partners successfully utilized social media as a means of promotion and distribution, and improved product packaging to make it more attractive and professional. In terms of management, the partners were able to implement simple digital-based financial records and were facilitated in handling business legality. The impact achieved was an increase in members' income of more than 50% and the growth of entrepreneurial spirit among the village's elderly. This program has proven to be effective in supporting business independence and can be used as a model for community-based MSME empowerment in the digital era.

The research aims to determine red onion plants' growth and production response (Allium cepa L.) on Planting Distance Treatment and Eco enzyme Concentration. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor is the Planting Distance treatment consisting of 3 levels, namely J1 = 15 cm x 15 cm, J2 = 20 cm x 15 cm, and J3 = 25 cm x 15 cm. The second factor is the Eco enzyme Concentration, consisting of 3 levels, namely E1 = 0.8 ml ee / 240 ml water, E2 = 1.6 ml ee / 240 ml water, and E3 = 2.4 ml ee / 240 ml water. The study results showed that the Planting Distance treatment significantly affected root length and tuber diameter per sample. However, they had no significant effect on fresh tuber weight on the growth and production of shallots. The Eco enzyme concentration treatment had no significant effect on all observation treatments. The interaction between Planting Distance and the Eco enzyme concentration had no significant effect on all observation treatments.

This study aims to determine the effect of cow manure and liquid organic fertilizer eco farming on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research method uses a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is cow manure (P) consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely: P0 = Control (Without Compost), P1 = 0.5 kg/plot (5 tons/ha), P2 = 1.0 kg/plot (10 tons/ha) and P3 = 1.5 kg/plot (15 tons/ha). The second factor: Eco Farming consists of 3 treatment levels: C1 = 150 ml/plot, C2 = 250 ml/plot, and C3 = 350 ml/plot. The study's results showed that the provision of cow manure significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, wet weight of tubers per sample, and wet weight of tubers per plot. Providing eco farming impacts plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of tubers per sample, and wet weight of tubers per plot. The interaction between cow manure and eco farming had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of tubers per sample, and wet weight of tubers per plot.

The research aims to determine red onion plants' growth and production response (Allium cepa L.) on Planting Distance Treatment and Eco enzyme Concentration. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor is the Planting Distance treatment consisting of 3 levels, namely J1 = 15 cm x 15 cm, J2 = 20 cm x 15 cm, and J3 = 25 cm x 15 cm. The second factor is the Eco enzyme Concentration, consisting of 3 levels, namely E1 = 0.8 ml ee / 240 ml water, E2 = 1.6 ml ee / 240 ml water, and E3 = 2.4 ml ee / 240 ml water. The study results showed that the Planting Distance treatment significantly affected root length and tuber diameter per sample. However, they had no significant effect on fresh tuber weight on the growth and production of shallots. The Eco enzyme concentration treatment had no significant effect on all observation treatments. The interaction between Planting Distance and the Eco enzyme concentration had no significant effect on all observation treatments.

This study aims to analyze the determination of selling prices and enthusiasts by traders and their relationship with demand fluctuations in the traditional market of MMTC Medan. The method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis method with a survey approach, involving three traders, namely rice, onion, and cabbage traders, data collected through direct interviews. The results of the study show that the setting of selling prices by traders has an effect on market enthusiasts as well as fluctuations in demand. Merchants set prices based on a combination of cost of goods sold, competitor prices, and estimated consumer purchasing power. Significant price fluctuations tend to lower the volume of demand, especially in non-primary products, and also poor quality of goods. Thus, this study concludes that understanding demand patterns and price adaptability are the main key factors in maintaining the business continuity of traders in the traditional market of MMTC Medan.

Food is a basic need that must be met by every individual. In Indonesia, rice is still the main staple food, but the shift in consumption to rice and wheat which are imported foodstuffs raises concerns about food security. Therefore, the development of local food alternatives such as MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) flour from cassava is important. In this practicum, MOCAF flour was made through a cassava fermentation process, followed by making onion cakes using the MOCAF flour. Organoleptic tests and XRF tests were carried out to evaluate the quality of MOCAF flour. The results of the practicum showed that the substitution of MOCAF flour in making onion cakes can produce low-gluten products that have the potential to be a sustainable food alternative.

This study aims to determine the effect of planting distance and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two treatment factors: planting distance and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer. The treatment factors are as follows: Factor I: Planting Distance (J) consists of 3 treatment levels: J1 = 15 cm x 15 cm; J2 = 20 cm x 20 cm, and J3 = 25 cm x 25 cm. Factor II: Concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (V) consists of 4 treatment levels, namely: V1 = 2 ml / 240 ml of water; V2 = 4 ml / 240 ml of water; V3 = 6 ml / 240 ml of water and V4 = 8 ml / 240 ml of water. Data analysis was done using variance analysis and Duncan’s test. The results showed that planting distance significantly affected the number of leaves, bulb diameter per sample, and fresh bulb weight per sample but had no significant effect on flowering age. POC concentration significantly affected flowering age, tuber diameter per sample, and fresh tuber weight per sample but did not significantly affect plant height and number of leaves. The interaction between planting distance and POC concentration did not significantly affect all observed parameters.

30 detik (dosis 991,67 J/m2) atau 50 detik (dosis 1652,79 J/m2) terhadap kerusakan materi genetik. 10 atau 15 menit setelah pembuahan pada suhu 40°C selama 90 detik dengan kejutan panas 90 detik untuk menentukan efisiensi diploidisasi telur sirip perak yang dinilai berdasarkan morfologi atau penampilan larva yang abnormal (atau haploid). silverwood untuk mendapatkan nilai androgen diploid yang ditentukan menggunakan larva morfologi normal (atau diploid) yang mirip dengan kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata pada rata-rata kesuburan perlakuan.

The aim of this research is to identify the marketing channel pattern for spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and analyze the level of marketing efficiency of spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. The research was carried out from April to June 2024, in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency. Determining the population was selected from farmers by census, namely all farmers who are trying to grow leeks in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and marketing institutions, namely the number of farmers is 14 people and 3 village collecting traders and 10 retail traders. The analysis used is marketing margin analysis  and marketing efficiency.Based on the research results, there are two types of marketing channels for green onions, namely producers to collectors to retailers to consumers who have marketing costs of IDR 1,700/Kg, marketing channel II namely from producers to   retailers to consumers which has marketing costs of IDR 1,000/ Kg and the marketing efficiency of green onions in marketing channel I reaches 82% and marketing channel II reaches 70 %. This means that the large percentage share of the price received by farmers and the low marketing costs incurred at leek marketing institutions in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency.

This study aims to identify the marketing channels of spring onions and analyze the efficiency of spring onion marketing in the research area. The population in this study were all farmers in Linonggasai Village, Wonggeduku Barat District, Konawe Regency who grow spring onions and marketing institutions, namely 10 farmers, 4 collectors and 5 retailers, farmer samples were taken by census and trader samples used the snowball sampling method. Based on the results of field research, it can be concluded that; the marketing channels for spring onions in this research area are farmers to collectors to retailers and then to consumers. The margin obtained by collectors is IDR 10,000 / kg with a profit of IDR 8,500 / kg. While the margin obtained by retailers is IDR 10,000 / kg with a profit of IDR 8,900 / kg. The efficiency value of the spring onion marketing channel in the research area is efficient with a marketing efficiency level obtained by collectors of 2.5% and retailers of 1.5%, and the farmer share received by farmers is 72%.

Effective marketing is the key to success for shallot farmers in increasing sales and obtaining optimal profits. Social media, especially Facebook, can be an effective tool for promoting and marketing shallot products. This research aims to analyze the optimization of the use of Facebook social media in increasing shallot marketing in Ngasem Village. The use of social media Facebook can effectively increase shallot marketing in Ngasem Village. The optimization strategies carried out include creating a Facebook business page, managing interesting content, utilizing advertising features, as well as intensive interaction activities with customers. By implementing this strategy, shallot farmers and traders can increase product visibility, expand marketing reach, and encourage increased sales.

The incidence of fever following DPT (Difteri Pertusis Tetanus) immunisation is relatively high, often necessitating treatment with fever-reducing drugs, which may have adverse effects on infants. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods that are effective, safe, economical, and practical are essential. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of an onion compress combined with virgin coconut oil (VCO) in reducing body temperature in infants following DPT immunization. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study population consisted of infants who received DPT immunization in the midwife's independent practice (PMB) working area at the Pudak Payung Health Centre, Semarang, with a total sample size of 48 infants selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, analysed using descriptive statistics, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Prior to the intervention, 47 infants (45.92%) exhibited fever, and 1 infant (2.08%) had a high fever post-immunisation. Following the application of the shallot compress with VCO, all infants (100%) showed a reduction in body temperature, with none experiencing fever thereafter. The analysis indicated a significant effect of the onion compress combined with VCO on reducing body temperature (Z = -6.042, p < 0.01). The average body temperature of infants post-DPT immunisation decreased from a mean of 38.5°C before the intervention to 37°C afterwards. In conclusion, the use of an onion compress with VCO effectively reduces body temperature in infants following DPT immunization. This non-pharmacological approach presents a promising alternative to conventional fever management strategies.

Marriage involves individual rights such as opinion, privacy and non-discrimination. Early marriage is the practice of marriage involving one or both partners who are still young, where both are still under the legal age or generally recognized age of adulthood. Early marriage can be influenced by various factors, namely social, economic, cultural and educational pressures. Family involvement, cultural norms, and gender inequality can also play an important role in the decision to marry early. Early marriage of minors creates a number of legal problems, which involve violations of children's rights and also gender inequality. The age for marriage must be completely mature, which is 19 years for men and 16 years for women. If both of them are still young, or you could say like young onions, their marriage will always be filled with problems. Both of them still have the same high level of ego, are still children and still only think for a few days. In Indonesia, Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning early marriage, namely the minimum age for marriage. Law no. 16 of 2019, regulates the second amendment to Law no. 1 of 1974 confirms that the minimum age limit is 19 years for men, and 16 years for women. A woman is someone who has reproductive organs which are related to the ability to give birth to children. Meanwhile, a man is someone who has reproductive organs that play a role in reproduction itself. In Indonesia, the case of early marriage is still a very serious and vulnerable issue. As reported by the KEMENKO PMK, it was stated that there were around 1.2 million cases of early marriage in Indonesia. Where, the proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married before the age of 18 was 11.21% of the total number of children. This means that around 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years were married as children. Meanwhile, around 1 in 100 men aged 20-24 years were married as children. Due to the large number of cases regarding underage marriage, the government's role must be agile and fast in dealing with important cases like this. The government must play a role in preventing how to prevent cases of underage marriage from increasing every year.    

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of inactivation treatment of silver barb eggs by UV irradiation for 30 seconds (the dose of 991,67 J/m2) or 50 seconds (the dose of 1652,79 J/m2) for damaging the genetic material of silver barb eggs as assessed by abnormal morphology or appearance of the larvae (or haploid), to determine the effectiveness of diploidization by heat shock at 40°C for 90 seconds to silver barb zygote at 10 or 15 minutes from fertilization time, in order to obtain diploid androgenetic of silver barb as assessed by normal morphological larvae (or diploid) similar to the positive control.Results showed that the average fertility among treatments were highly significant difference.

The development of science and technology encourages the culture of people realizing their sympathy using a bouquet of fresh, dried, or synthetic flowers. Culture is favored by the public because the flower bouquet can be adjusted to the cost of the customer. Synthetic flower bouquet innovation has aesthetic value and long shelf life, the author made a flower crown leaf product using onions. Research to determine the stages of manufacture, valid experimental results, and public acceptance of the product. Using the methods of observation, literature, experimentation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The product manufacturing stage in the form of preparation of material tools, onion drying, printing, and decorating flowers takes ± 7 days or 1 week. Product validation according to 3 flower arranging experts was declared valid with the characteristics of yellowish brown color, onion fiber pattern, no aroma, and has a smooth wavy texture. The average results of the public test on 61 respondents from the AKS Ibu Kartini Semarang agency showed that the public liked the product (score 2). So that the product is accepted by the community and has the potential to become an opportunity in entrepreneurship. It is better to innovate a substitute for epoxy resin as a preservative for flower crown leaves from onions. Because epoxy resin after drying has a weight that is not comfortable for a bouquet of flowers that are held for a long time such as a bridal ceremony.

Land transportation as a means of inter-city transportation has the advantage of being able to distribute people and goods with a larger capacity and relatively cheaper costs. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of onion transportation, performance, distribution time and the purpose of distributing the onion harvest in Enrekang Regency. This research used a quantitative method, which was carried out for 1 month, namely in September-October 2022 in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, using SPSS analysis. The results of the research show that the characteristics of the 240 respondents were all men, with the most widely used vehicle brand being the Mitsubishi 4-wheeled type (medium truck), the most frequent distribution time range was between 10-15 times a month with an average speed of 50- 60 km/hour, departure time between 10:00 – 15:00 WITA, and arriving around 15:00 – 18:00 WITA, distance over 100 Km, and the longest loading time is over 120 minutes, with the aim of distribution most often to exporters with a percentage of 57.08%, while for distribution areas outside Enrekang Regency the most frequently is Parepare City with a percentage of 46.25%.

Community Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in advancing the Indonesian economy. One of them is MSME UD. NATURAL FOOD which operates in the field of processing various types of onions. After observations, there are deficiencies in the onion chopping machines currently in use which cannot produce premium grade processed onions. The solution to this problem is to create a Transmission Design and Premium Horizontal Shallot Chopper Blade with an Output Capacity of 15 Kg Per Hour. It is hoped that this tool can help produce quality fried shallots. The method used in design is a design method that begins with observation and literature study, then continues with the planning stage including (planning the transmission system and chopper system). The results obtained in designing this machine show the size of the machine with dimensions of 70 cm wide, 145 cm long, 89 cm high, using 3 mm thick angle iron as part of the frame. And the results of the calculation of the load on the hopper is 231.4 N, the load on the transmission is 138.84 N, the load on the electric motor is 112.14 N. The heaviest load on the frame is on the hooper, amounting to 231.4 N. From the results of the data above it will then be Loading simulations were carried out, the results obtained were stress analysis (yield strength) of 25,000N, maximum displacement analysis on the frame of 5.287mm, and factor of safety analysis on the frame of 5.5. 4 then the frame is declared safe . And it has been designed and made safe to use, because no damage occurs to the frame when the machine is operated. Based on the design results of the transmission and premium horizontal premium  onion chopper blade with an output capacity of 15 kg per hour, the engine torque (T) is 545,04 Nm. The engine power requirement is 1,566 kW. The pulley ratio on the machine is (1:10). Pulley diameter 3.8. The shaft diameter is 19 mm and the resulting chopping capacity is 17,4 m^2/hour.

Using plant-based pesticides is a good step for agriculture that is more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides. Vegetable pesticides are more natural and safer for the environment than chemical pesticides because they are made from natural ingredients. The impacts that will be felt if the use of chemical pesticides continues will have an impact on animals and humans. Chemical pesticides have the most significant effect, namely causing the death of several other animals besides organisms. In addition, exposure to chemical pesticides also has significant effects on human health. Achievements in this community service can increase knowledge about pest control by using vegetable pesticides from onion skins which can be used as natural pesticides and the community can switch from using chemical pesticides to vegetable pesticides which are more environmentally friendly.

Red onion skin is one of the wastes that can be used as a natural dye because it contains anthocyanins which are one of the natural color pigments. The availability of red onion skin waste is very abundant, especially from household waste and industrial waste which has not been optimally utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fixation type with different dyeing times on the color quality of batik fabric. This research method is an experiment by varying the fabric treatment in the pre-mordanting process, time variations of 30 and 60 minutes, and fixation variations, namely alum, arbor, and quicklime. The results of the study obtained that red onion skin extract is very good as a natural dye for dyeing batik fabric, the value of the color fastness test at 40 ℃ soap washing and cloth rubbing (wet) shows good quality with an average value of 4 and 4 - 5. The value of the L *, a *, b * color difference test and the results of visual observations on the pantone color produce an orange-red color that contains dominant color elements towards reddish and yellowish.