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This study was conducted to evaluate the numeracy skills of second-grade students in mathematics lessons involving addition and subtraction of currency. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods included observation, document collection, and the use of student worksheets. The data analysis employed the Miles and Huberman technique. The data were collected in the form of student worksheets in mathematics lessons in second-grade students at Urek-Urek 2 Elementary School, Malang Regency, with 12 students participating. The analysis revealed three categories of student numeracy ability. These three categories represent numeracy ability groups, divided into low (0-55), medium (55-75), and high (75-100). Based on the results of the second-grade students' numeracy ability evaluation, it can be concluded that the majority of students at Urek-Urek 2 Elementary School have high numeracy ability. The results from the student worksheets indicate that three students are in the low numeracy ability category, two students are in the medium category, and seven students are in the high numeracy ability category. Referring to the questions given, students generally understood the context of the questions, which relate to everyday activities. This demonstrates their ability to think critically to solve problems.

Strengthening reading–writing literacy and numeracy has become a strategic priority in primary education, particularly in preparing prospective teachers who are capable of integrating these competencies contextually into classroom practice. This community engagement program aimed to enhance the conceptual understanding, pedagogical skills, and professional readiness of students from the Primary School Teacher Education Program (PGSD) at Universitas Satya Wiyata Mandala (USWIM) Nabire through a practice-based literacy and numeracy training model. The program was conducted over three days and involved 100 active students. The training adopted a practice-based approach consisting of conceptual reinforcement sessions, group discussions, lesson plan development, and microteaching simulations. Data were collected through observation, analysis of instructional materials, and written reflections, and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings indicate a significant shift in students’ understanding of literacy and numeracy—from technical skills to contextual and reasoning-based competencies. Participants demonstrated improved ability to design literacy–numeracy-based lesson plans and delivered more dialogic and participatory microteaching sessions. The program also fostered stronger professional awareness regarding the role of teachers in building foundational literacy and numeracy skills in primary education. Overall, the practice-based training proved effective in strengthening the professional preparedness of prospective primary school teachers in a contextual and systematic manner.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pendekatan kreatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan numerasi, membaca, dan menulis anak di Pondok Baca Senja Papua Cerdas, Manokwari. Sasaran kegiatan adalah anak-anak usia sekolah dasar dan prasekolah yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan belajar di pondok baca tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kreatif melalui aktivitas bermain sambil belajar, media visual interaktif, serta kegiatan membaca dan menulis bersama yang menyenangkan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, catatan kegiatan, dan dokumentasi aktivitas belajar. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan numerasi, membaca, dan menulis anak serta antusiasme yang lebih tinggi dalam mengikuti kegiatan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan kreatif efektif mendukung perkembangan numerasi dan literasi anak secara simultan.

This study aims to develop a contextual-based mathematics learning module to improve mathematical numeracy literacy among fourth-grade elementary school students, particularly on arithmetic operations. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE development model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects were 22 fourth-grade students at SDN 2 Siryawangi. The instruments used included expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and numeracy literacy tests. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by the N-Gain test to measure students’ improvement after using the module. The findings indicate that the developed module meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This is supported by the validation results from material and media experts, each obtaining an average score of 95%, which is categorized as highly valid. In addition, teacher responses of 75% and student responses of 88% show that the module is practical and feasible to be used in the learning process. Furthermore, the effectiveness test results, based on an N-Gain score of 84%, demonstrate a high-level improvement in numeracy literacy. Therefore, this module is feasible to be implemented as an alternative teaching material for contextual learning in elementary schools.

Numeracy is an important skill that elementary school students must have, but in reality it is still relatively low because learning tends to be conventional and less contextual. Numeracy does not only include the ability to count, but also the ability to understand, use, and interpret numbers and data in various daily life contexts. One of the causes of low student numeracy is a learning approach that is less interesting and not related to real situations. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the contextual learning model (Contextual Teaching and Learning/CTL) in improving students' mathematical numeracy skills. The research design used was a one-group pretest-posttest experiment with 23 fifth-grade students of SDN 002 Teluk Bintan as subjects. The instrument in the form of a numeracy test was given before and after the implementation of CTL, then the data were analyzed using prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity) followed by a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in students' numeracy skills. The average pretest score of 24.78 increased to 73.91 in the posttest with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. This increase proves that CTL is effective in helping students master numeracy through a learning process that links mathematical concepts with real experiences. Thus, the contextual learning model can be an alternative learning strategy that is relevant for increasing elementary school students' numeracy, while emphasizing the importance of implementing a more applicable approach in mathematics learning.

This study aims to describe students' critical thinking skills in solving numeracy literacy problems by considering their mathematical dispositions. Critical thinking skills are an important competency in 21st-century learning because they play a significant role in understanding concepts, analyzing information, and solving problems with a logical and systematic approach. Numeracy literacy, as part of basic mathematical competencies, requires students not only to be able to calculate but also to understand the context and apply mathematical concepts in real life. In this context, mathematical disposition—which includes self-confidence in mathematics, persistence in solving problems, and curiosity—is seen as a factor that influences students' critical thinking skills. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with student subjects selected based on high, medium, and low mathematical disposition categories. The instruments used consisted of a numeracy literacy test and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were collected through completing a mathematical disposition questionnaire, working on numeracy literacy problems, and in-depth interviews with selected subjects. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that students with a high mathematical disposition tend to have more developed critical thinking skills. They are able to analyze problems in depth, evaluate relevant information, and draw logical and structured conclusions. Conversely, students with medium and low dispositions tend to have limited critical thinking skills, particularly in the aspects of evaluation and conclusion drawing. This finding emphasizes the importance of strengthening mathematical dispositions as an integral part of learning strategies to improve students' critical thinking skills in the context of numeracy literacy.

Mathematics learning in Elementary School is very important to form logical, systematic, and critical thinking skills. Mathematics learning is closely related to numeracy literacy. At the elementary school level, especially grade 1, literacy and numeracy problems are increasingly visible when students are faced with mathematical story problems. In grade 1 of SDN 1 Pedawang, the results of daily tests and end-of-semester tests show that students' ability to solve story problems is still low. This study aims to analyze the difficulties of grade 1 students at SDN 1 Pedawang in understanding mathematical story problems due to low literacy and numeracy skills. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type. The population of grade 1 students at SDN 1 Pedawang is 14 students, consisting of 9 female students and 5 male students. The subjects used were 2 students to be analyzed using purposive sampling techniques because they showed striking difficulties in understanding story problems based on observation results and low test scores. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that students had difficulty in understanding mathematical story problems on five indicators according to Newman's theory, namely reading, understanding, transformation, process skills, and writing answers. The conclusion of this study shows that low literacy and numeracy of students are the main factors in the difficulty of understanding mathematical story problems.

This study aims to identify the numeracy ability of grade I students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Cognitive Level. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population used by all students of MIN 4 Medan. Sampling from the population used the Issac Michael technique which obtained a result of 249 from the entire population. Furthermore, samples were taken using cluster sampling which was specifically for classes I, A and I B, a total of 56. The test instrument is in the form of an objective description of the "filling" and the results are in the form of scores. The data analysis in this study is a descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results showed the numeracy ability of students in class I MIN 4 Medan, namely: 1) the level of remembering for the "high" category was 37 students or 75.51%; for the "medium" category: there are 4 students or 8.16%; and the "low" category there are 8 students or 16.32%. 2) the level of understanding for the "high" category was 28 students or 57.41%; the "medium" category has 16 students or 32.65%; and the "low" category there are 5 students or 10.20%. 3) the application rate for the "high" category was 18 students or 36.73%; the "medium" category has 29 students or 59.18%; and the "low" category has 2 students or 4.08%. The implication in this study is to increase the practice of contextual questions and carry out game-based learning.

Teaching Assistance is part of the MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) program which aims to improve students' literacy and numeracy skills and provide opportunities for students to learn and develop themselves. One of the target schools for this program is SMP Negeri 4 Mauliru. This program includes various strategies, including optimizing reading corners equipped with picture illustrations to attract students' interest as well as casual reading activities aimed at improving reading habits. Apart from that, this program also involves distributing multiplication brochures to strengthen students' understanding of numeracy as well as making literacy and numeracy posters with the aim of providing a deeper understanding while strengthening educational messages about the importance of literacy and numeracy.  The main aim of this program is to improve students' literacy and numeracy skills, as well as support the development of basic abilities and create a fun learning environment. The results show that this program has a positive impact by increasing literacy and numeracy skills, as well as students' learning motivation and interest in reading.

This study aims to examine effective learning strategies in improving elementary school students' understanding of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) mathematics questions through a numeracy approach. The numeracy approach is an ability that not only involves numeracy skills, but also understanding and applying mathematical concepts in the context of everyday life so that students can think critically, analytically, and creatively. The method used in this study is a literature study that examines various scientific sources related to the application of numeracy and the development of HOTS in mathematics learning at the elementary school level. The results of the study indicate that learning strategies such as problem-based learning, Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI), collaborative learning, the use of interactive media, and integrated numeracy formative assessments are very effective in helping students master HOTS questions. In addition, the development of metacognitive abilities and adjusting strategies to student characteristics are also important factors for successful learning. The numeracy approach that links mathematical concepts to real contexts can increase students' learning motivation and active involvement so that understanding of HOTS questions can increase significantly. This study recommends that teachers integrate the numeracy approach in the planning and implementation of mathematics learning in order to produce meaningful learning that is oriented towards the development of students' high-order thinking skills.

Numeracy is an essential competency that supports students’ ability to reason quantitatively and solve real-life problems. However, students in Indonesia often face challenges in understanding mathematical concepts and applying them in everyday contexts. In response to this, a community service program was conducted at SMP Insan Rabbany, Tangerang Selatan, focusing on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications such as ChatGPT and Educaplay in mathematics learning. The program aimed to improve students’ numeracy literacy and provide teachers with the capacity to utilize AI tools effectively. The activities included training sessions for teachers, and direct assistance in classroom implementation. The results showed a significant uses in students’ ability of numeracy. Moreover, teachers expressed increased confidence in incorporating AI-based methods into their lessons. This program highlights the potential of AI to enhance numeracy skills and underscores the importance of technological support and teacher training in the digital age.

The difficulties students experience when solving problems that require calculation indicate a need to improve their arithmetic skills. This research aims to describe students' numeracy skills in solving number problems while also identifying the obstacles they encounter in developing these skills. Specifically, this study explores the mathematical numeracy literacy abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students in facing the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) questions on number material at one elementary school in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including AKM numeracy tests, observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings show that students' mathematical numeracy literacy ability is in the moderate category, with an average achievement of 65.8%. The main difficulties experienced by students include: (1) recognizing mathematical information from contextual problems, (2) performing numerical calculations, (3) interpreting calculation results in the context of real-world problems, and (4) communicating mathematical reasoning in writing. Based on these results, this research recommends strengthening numeracy learning that connects material with everyday life contexts, as well as improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities through problem-based learning approaches, to optimize the mathematical numeracy literacy of elementary school students.

The Community service is a community-based education that aims to hone students' thinking skills in socializing in the general public based on religious, social, cultural, aspirational, and potential characteristics. The Amborgang Elementary School Literacy and Numeracy Improvement Program through Learning Assistance that the author conducted was intended as part of the process of educating the nation's life as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This activity was carried out for 10 days along with the implementation of the HKBP Nommensen University Medan Community Service Practice Lecture program which lasted 14 days. This activity is targeted for grade I to grade VI elementary school. The implementation methods used include pre-assignment, assignment, observation and direct assistance in the field. The location of community service activities at Amborgang Elementary School, Amborgang Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province. The form of assistance provided focuses on literacy and numeracy activities. The results of the learning assistance carried out were well received by all students of Amborgang Elementary School, this can be seen from the participation of elementary school students who participated during the companion teacher's learning and many students were able to read and count.

This service aims to identify factors that influence literacy and numeracy and evaluate the effectiveness of the literacy and numeracy improvement program in Nelela Village, SD N 173653. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with samples of students in grades 4, 5, and 6. Data were collected through literacy and numeracy tests, questionnaires, observations and interviews. The results of this service indicate that the average achievement of students in literacy and numeracy is still below the national standard, and the proportion of achieving the standard is still low. Factors such as limited resources, lack of teacher training and minimal parental support are cited as the main obstacles in improving literacy and numeracy skills. The literacy and numeracy improvement program implemented has succeeded in increasing the average student achievement, although there are still some obstacles that need to be overcome. The data shows that the average literacy and numeracy scores of students increased significantly after participating in this program. In addition, this service found that interactive learning methods and the use of educational technology have great potential to increase student interest and motivation. This service provides practical advice on improving literacy and numeracy in primary schools, including providing adequate learning resources, teacher training and development, using technology in learning and increasing parental involvement and support. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that the literacy and numeracy skills of students at SD N 173653 will improve significantly so that they are better prepared to face the next stage of education and academic challenges in everyday life.

Community service activities are one of the compulsory courses to train students to establish the knowledge and skills they have in a learning process according to their respective fields of study. The purpose of the mini PkM is to improve children's literacy and numeracy skills in Namo Suro Baru Village, Sibiru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, by using a more contextual and applicable nature-based learning approach, encouraging children to be more active and creative in the learning process through direct experience in nature, so that they can understand and apply the concept of literacy and numeracy in their daily lives, increase children's concern for their environment, through learning that utilizes nature as a learning medium, and introduces them to the importance of biodiversity and good environmental management. So that the results of this PkM are that children show an increase in reading simple words and sentences. They also began to be able to write basic words better. Children who were initially only able to count numbers in a limited way, are now able to do simple calculations faster and more accurately. Activities carried out outdoors make children more active and enthusiastic in learning. Keywords: Numeracy, Literacy, Natural Environment.

Literacy and numeracy programs play a crucial role in improving education quality, especially at the elementary school level. This study aims to optimize literacy and numeracy programs through a structured mentoring approach at SDN Grujugan Larangan, Larangan Luar Village, Larangan Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency. The research method used is action research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach is used to understand teachers' and students' perceptions of the mentoring program, while the quantitative approach is applied to measure the improvement in students' literacy and numeracy skills after participating in the program. The results indicate that structured mentoring significantly enhances students' literacy and numeracy skills, as evidenced by the increased average scores in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Furthermore, active teacher involvement in the mentoring process contributes to the program's success. Thus, implementing a structured mentoring program can be an effective model to improve the quality of primary education in rural areas.

This community service aims to improve the numeracy skills of elementary school students in Marendal Village through contextual mathematics-based training. The methods used in this program are lectures, discussions, and practice questions based on everyday problems. The evaluation results show an increase in students' understanding of basic mathematical concepts and an increase in their learning motivation. This activity is expected to be a model for numeracy literacy improvement programs in other areas.

Numeracy is not only the responsibility of mathematics teachers, but also the responsibility of all non-mathematics teachers, namely teachers who teach subjects other than mathematics. The approach needed is cross-subject numeracy. Based on the results of interviews with partner schools, it was obtained that teachers in these schools still have minimal knowledge about numeracy literacy and numeracy reinforcement in non-mathematics lessons. The solution offered is to provide reinforcement of numeracy literacy materials and provide reinforcement of non-mathematics or cross-subject numeracy literacy materials so that non-mathematics teachers can also improve students' numeracy in subjects other than mathematics. The implementation mechanism consists of 3 main stages, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. Evaluation of program implementation is measured from the increase in participants' knowledge from pretest to posttest and the participant's response questionnaire to this activity. Based on the results of the community service, it can be concluded that this activity makes a good contribution to increasing the knowledge and understanding of SMP Terpadu Darul Dakwah teachers regarding cross-subject numeracy literacy and examples of learning activities to strengthen numeracy literacy in subjects other than mathematics. The number of participants who experienced an increase in score from pretest to posttest was 100%, meaning that all participants in the activity experienced an increase in knowledge. In addition, it can also be seen from the average pretest of 48 and the average posttest of 75.5. The overall process of implementing this activity went well and smoothly. This activity also received a positive response from the participants with a score percentage of 90.25%.

This study explores efforts to improve literacy and numeracy through collaboration between teachers and students in the Teaching Campus Program at SD Negeri 03 Geragahan. Literacy and numeracy are essential skills in primary education, but many schools in remote areas still face challenges in achieving expected standards. The study aims to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of this program. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that the Teaching Campus Program has a significant positive impact on improving students' literacy and numeracy. There was an increase in reading ability, reading comprehension, reading interest, arithmetic ability, understanding of mathematical concepts, and interest in learning mathematics. The implications of this research highlight the importance of support and commitment from all parties involved in the program to ensure its sustainability and success. This research makes a significant contribution to efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas and can serve as a reference for similar programs in the future.

Language and numeracy skills are the initial pillars of learning, so that children can gain meaningful knowledge and encourage critical thinking and responsiveness to the environment. Strengthening numeracy literacy as an ability or skill in reading and calculating both textually and contextually. This community service activity aims to 1) instill the fundamental concepts of basic numeracy literacy needed by elementary school students, 2) present a variety of activities or programs that can be implemented in schools that are integrated into subjects, or indirectly through programs outside of learning hours, and 3 ) describes the application of AKM standards for measuring the achievement of numeracy literacy levels in elementary school children. This Community Service is carried out using a focused discussion method, and outreach to teachers at SDN Belitung Selatan 1 Banjarmasin