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This study aims to analyze the impact of business combinations through acquisition on the financial performance of PT Sarana Menara Nusantara Tbk. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, focusing on the acquiring firm in the Indonesian telecommunications infrastructure sector. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements for the period 2019–2023, sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the company’s official website. Financial performance is analyzed using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) by comparing the periods before, during, and after the acquisition conducted in 2021. The results indicate that the acquisition exerted short-term pressure on asset efficiency and profitability, as reflected by the decline in ROA and NPM in the year of acquisition. However, in the post-acquisition period, the company demonstrated an improvement in operational performance, particularly in Net Profit Margin, suggesting that the economic benefits of the business combination gradually materialized. Meanwhile, fluctuations in ROE and DER reflect adjustments in the capital structure following the acquisition. These findings suggest that the success of an acquisition cannot be evaluated solely based on short-term financial performance but requires continuous assessment to capture its medium- and long-term effects. This study provides practical implications for management in formulating post-acquisition integration strategies and contributes empirically to the accounting and finance literature on business combinations in Indonesia.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the financial performance of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), as reflected in the shift from profit in 2020 to a substantial pre-tax loss in 2021. This change had direct implications for the company’s tax components, particularly current tax and deferred tax, in accordance with PSAK 46 on Income Taxes. This study aims to analyze the changes in current tax and deferred tax between the two reporting periods and to examine the role of deferred tax benefits in reducing the company’s net loss. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with a comparative analysis method using secondary data from the company’s interim consolidated financial statements. The findings indicate that in 2021 the company recognized a deferred tax benefit that converted total income tax into a net tax benefit, thereby reducing the company’s net loss by approximately 15.8 percent. These results demonstrate that deferred tax does not merely arise from temporary differences but can function as an instrument of loss mitigation during periods of financial distress. The implications of this study highlight the importance of accurate application of PSAK 46, especially in times of economic downturn, and emphasize the need for realistic assessments of future taxable profits to ensure the reliability of deferred tax asset recognition.

The high-value horticulture sector has gained increasing attention in modern agricultural development, particularly in the cultivation of premium melon through greenhouse and fertigation systems. The Satria Tani Hanggawana Cooperative has initiated premium melon farming to enhance members’ income; however, investment decisions in high-value commodities require a comprehensive financial feasibility assessment to ensure business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of premium melon farming by examining production costs, revenue, income, and financial efficiency indicators. Using a descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research was conducted through direct observation and interviews in two active greenhouses. The results show that the total production cost for one planting season reached Rp20,413,750, dominated by variable costs, reflecting the intensive input requirement to maintain product quality. The total revenue of Rp33,950,000 generated a net income of Rp13,536,250, indicating that the enterprise is financially profitable. The R/C Ratio of 1.67 confirms that the business operates efficiently, while the B/C Ratio of 0.67 indicates that net benefits remain below total costs due to reduced production caused by pest disturbances. The break-even analysis further shows that actual production far exceeded the minimum threshold required to avoid losses. Overall, the findings demonstrate that premium melon farming is financially viable, yet improvements in cost management, production monitoring, and greenhouse operational efficiency are essential to enhance profitability and long-term sustainability for the cooperative.

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions in rural areas has prompted the utilization of biogas and bio-slurry as alternative resources. This study aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of household-level biogas systems by integrating Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Undiscounted Payback Period (UPBP), complemented with sensitivity analysis. Primary data were collected from 16 households operating biogas systems, while secondary data supported the estimation of cost and benefit components. Results show that biogas adoption provides positive economic returns, with average NPV reaching Rp 12,749,000, BCR above 1.0, and UPBP within four years, indicating financial viability. Sensitivity analysis reveals that variations in LPG prices and livestock numbers significantly affect economic outcomes, demonstrating the importance of market and production factors in ensuring project sustainability. The findings conclude that household biogas systems are economically feasible and resilient under certain conditions. Future studies are suggested to expand the scope by incorporating environmental and social benefits,a s well as exploring scalability at the community level.

The development of information technology has encouraged business actors, including small enterprises in the food and beverage sector, to adopt Accounting Information Systems (AIS) to support financial and operational management. Selesa Coffee & Eatery, as a small enterprise, has implemented ESB POS (Esensi Solusi Buana Point of Sales) to facilitate transaction recording and financial report management. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing an ESB POS–based AIS on individual performance, organizational performance, and net benefits using the DeLone & McLean (2003) model framework. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through interviews with managers and accounting staff, direct observation of the café’s operational activities, and documentation of system-generated financial reports. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles & Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, along with triangulation to validate the findings. The results show that the implementation of ESB POS enhances individual performance by simplifying record-keeping, accelerating reporting, and reducing manual errors. At the organizational level, the system supports operational efficiency, transparency, and work coordination. In terms of net benefits, the system contributes to improved data accuracy, time efficiency, and provides support for evaluation and strategic decision-making. This study concludes that the implementation of an ESB POS–based AIS significantly contributes to the sustainability of small enterprises.

Bluru Kidul Village is an area located near the northeastern coast of Sidoarjo, where its geographical position provides significant benefits for the community. Consequently, the majority of residents work as fishermen and live side by side with the marine ecosystem. Due to the existence of Bluru Kidul Village, Sidoarjo City is often referred to as a fisheries or coastal city. The fish resources in these waters are dominated by small pelagic fish, large pelagic fish, and demersal fish. One of the most widely used fishing gears is the gill net. This study applied treatments with soaking durations of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. The objectives of this research were to identify the composition of gill net catches, analyze the effect of different soaking times on gill net catches, and determine the optimal soaking duration for catching Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger) using gill nets. Data analysis was conducted using statistical methods, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and normality tests to ensure data suitability. To determine whether soaking duration had a significant effect, a further statistical test, namely the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, was applied to identify which soaking time produced the best catch of Indian mackerel. The results indicated that there were significant differences in catch variables between the 4-hour treatment and the 3-hour and 2-hour treatments, whereas the difference between the 3-hour and 2-hour treatments was not significant. This finding demonstrates that the 4-hour soaking duration resulted in significantly different catch outcomes compared to the 3-hour and 2-hour durations, but no significant difference was observed between the 3-hour and 2-hour treatments.

This study aims to examine the influence of word of mouth on buying interest and its impact on the purchase decision of Muzan Net wi-fi services. This study uses three main variables, namely independent variables, bound variables, and intervening variables. The free variable is word of mouth, the bound variable is the purchase decision, while the intervening variable is the buying interest. The research sample consisted of 55 consumer respondents who knew and used the Muzan Net wi-fi service in Sanggrahan Village. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, observations, and interviews, with sampling techniques using the simple random sampling method. Data analysis is carried out through several stages, namely measurement or outer model, structural model or inner model, and hypothesis test. The results of the study show that word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on buying interest. Furthermore, word of mouth also has a positive but not insignificant effect directly on the purchase decision. Meanwhile, buying interest has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. In addition, buying interest is able to mediate the relationship between word of mouth and purchase decisions, thereby strengthening the role of word of mouth in encouraging consumers to finally make a purchase decision. This research provides practical benefits for companies in maximizing word-of-mouth-based marketing strategies, as well as a reference for future research to develop similar studies with different objects, locations, and variables.

Human Organization Technology Net-Benefit (HOT-Fit) model is used to analyze information systems through 4 (four) dimensions: people, organization, technology, and net benefits. This study aims to analyze the implementation of RME with the HOT-Fit approach through data integration at RSIA Assyifa, Tangerang City. The research method is quantitative with data collection using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. The sample consisted of 95 respondents of health workers and non-health workers who used RME. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) version 3.0. In this study, there are 22 hypotheses, consisting of 17 direct influences and 5 (five) indirect influences. The results of the study show that system quality, information quality, and service quality have a significant positive effect on system use. Furthermore, system quality and information quality have a significant positive effect on user satisfaction, but service satisfaction does not affect user satisfaction. Next, system quality has a significant positive effect on organizational structure, as well as service quality which has a significant positive effect on the organizational environment. In addition, the organizational environment has a significant positive effect on net benefits, but in contrast to the variables of system usage, user satisfaction, and organizational structure which do not have a significant effect on net benefits. Related to the organizational aspect, the net benefit aspect, and data integration have a significant positive effect on RME implementation, while the technology aspect and human aspect do not have a significant effect on RME implementation. Data integration mediates the indirect effect of the technology aspect, the organization aspect, and the net benefit aspect on RME implementation, while data integration does not mediate the effect of the human aspect on RME implementation.

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) is a high-value horticultural crop whose productivity is closely linked to effective nutrient management, particularly the balanced application of macronutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). This study evaluates the agronomic and economic impacts of applying NPK compound fertilizer at varying doses (0.5×, 0.75×, 1.0×, 1.25×, and 1.5× the recommended rate) on sweet corn growth and yield performance. Field experiments demonstrated that NPK application significantly enhanced vegetative growth parameters, including plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter, with improvements ranging from 15.8% to 37.3% over the unfertilized control. Yield components such as ear length, husked ear weight, and dehusked ear weight also showed marked increases, resulting in higher total yields per plot and per hectare. Among the treatments, the 1.25× dose achieved the highest relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) at 147%, indicating superior nutrient utilization and biomass conversion. However, the 1.0× dose yielded the most favorable economic outcome, generating a net profit of Rp. 10,780,200 and an R/C ratio of 1.47, suggesting optimal cost-efficiency. These findings underscore the dual benefits of NPK compound fertilizer in sweet corn cultivation, highlighting that precise dosage not only maximizes agronomic performance but also enhances economic viability. The study recommends adopting the 1.0× dose for balanced productivity and profitability, while the 1.25× dose may be considered in contexts prioritizing yield maximization.

The evaluation of information systems becomes important to ensure the effectiveness of the Hospital Information System (SIMRS) application and its positive impact in producing information that meets the standards of data quality with the HOT fit theory, which includes the core elements of the information system: human, organization, Technology and net benefits. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and involved 78 SIMRS users in X Hospital as the sample. Data were analysed using the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) method. The results of the study showed that user satisfaction, information quality, service quality, system quality, organizational environment, system utilization level, and organizational structure had significant relationships with SIMRS based on hypothesis testing. The significant findings included user satisfaction, net benefits, system utilization, service quality, system quality, organizational environment, and information quality. This study emphasizes the importance of routine and periodic maintenance, monitoring of SIMRS by relevant units, attention to factors influencing SIMRS adoption by users, and regular training related to the operation of the SIMRS application. Efforts to improve operational skills in the aspects of system quality, information quality, service quality, organizational structure, and organizational environment of SIMRS are crucial to optimize the net benefits generated by SIMRS.

This research aims to determine and inform the composition of the results catch (type and quantity) from gillnet fishing gear found in Muara Angke Fishing Harbor. The research was carried out for 3 (two) months starting from October to December at the Muara Angke Fishing Harbor. Data collection was carried out using survey methods and interviews and literature studies. Sampling was carried out using a purposive method sampling based on the function and benefits of the gillnet fishing unit. The number of respondents used in this research was 25 Gill Net vessels in the period October to December 2024 at the Muara Angke Fishing Port. Analysis of the type and number of catches was carried out descriptively. Research result shows that the composition of fish caught using Gill Nets in Muara Angke Fishing Harbor has 19 species of fish caught, with the most commonly caught fish being Gray Tuna with 329,710 kg and the least being Hammerhead Shark with 6 kg.

This study empirically investigates the impact of information quality, system quality, and service quality on net benefits in cooperatives located in Badung Regency, specifically in Mengwi District. A quantitative research approach was employed, with non-probability sampling and purposive sampling as the chosen techniques. A total of 150 respondents, including cooperative managers and staff, participated in this study. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS 4.0 software. The study found that information quality significantly influences net benefits through system use and user satisfaction. High-quality information is critical for effective system use and leads to greater user satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to higher net benefits for the cooperatives. Similarly, system quality was also found to significantly affect net benefits, with the use of high-quality systems increasing system use and improving user satisfaction, further enhancing the net benefits received by the cooperatives. However, service quality did not show a significant direct impact on net benefits, nor did it have any significant effect through the mediating variables of system use and user satisfaction. This finding suggests that while service quality is important in many contexts, in the case of cooperatives in this study, the quality of the information and the system itself play a more prominent role in determining the net benefits. The results of this study emphasize the importance of focusing on improving information and system quality to maximize the net benefits in cooperatives. Cooperatives should prioritize investments in information technology systems and ensure that the information provided is accurate and relevant to enhance system use and user satisfaction. This, in turn, will lead to greater overall benefits for the cooperatives in Mengwi District, Badung Regency.

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Hospital Management Information System SIMRS in the pharmacy unit of RSU Fitri Candra Wonogiri using the HOTFIT model approach. The HOT-FIT model is an evaluation framework that includes four main aspects, namely Human (system users), Organization (organizational support and policies), Technology (system and information quality), and Net Benefit (benefits obtained from system use). This study uses a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling data analysis techniques based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), which allows for simultaneous analysis of relationships between variables. Data were obtained from 61 respondents who are SIMRS users in the pharmacy department, through the distribution of Likert-based questionnaires. The results of the analysis show that the four independent variables Human, Organization, Technology, and Net Benefit have a positive and significant effect on SIMRS performance. The Adjusted R-Square value of 0.902 indicates that the model is able to explain 90.2 of the variability in system performance. Empirical findings in the field indicate that the implementation of SIMRS has had a tangible impact on improving work efficiency, accelerating the pharmaceutical service process, and supporting decision-making based on accurate and up-to-date data. Furthermore, active user involvement, managerial support, and the quality of the information technology system are crucial factors in supporting the system's successful implementation. This study confirms that the success of SIMRS depends not only on its technological sophistication but also on strong integration between human and organizational aspects and the resulting benefits. Therefore, a holistic approach to information system evaluation and development is crucial for improving the quality of healthcare services in hospitals.

Extension workers have been instrumental in encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies, aiming to improve productivity, income, social status, and climate resilience. This study investigates challenges in technology adoption and its impact on vegetable production, economic and social enhancement, and climate resilience in Svay Rieng province. Data from 302 agricultural cooperative members were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation to examine relationships and linear regression to predict factors influencing farmers' achievements. Results show that internal challenges (labor, capital, technical know-how) significantly influence success, followed by external challenges. Investments in hard technologies (e.g., net houses, drip irrigation) strongly correlated with achievements, while soft technologies (technical knowledge) had a lesser impact. Regression analysis identified internal challenges and adoption of hard technologies as key predictors, explaining 25% of overall performance, including 36%, 29%, and 25% of economic, social, and climate resilience improvements, respectively. For production, only internal challenges and hard technologies were determinants, predicting 30%. Addressing internal challenges and enhancing technology applications are critical to improving vegetable producers' success in the province.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a voluntary initiative into a legal obligation in many countries, including Indonesia and India. This study aims to analyze and compare the CSR regulations between the two countries, focusing on legal foundations, scope of implementation, corporate obligations, and the effectiveness of enforcement. In Indonesia, CSR is regulated under Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 25 of 2007 on Capital Investment, which mandate companies operating in the natural resource sector to carry out social and environmental responsibilities. Meanwhile, in India, CSR obligations are more broadly applied through the Companies Act 2013, which requires companies meeting specific financial criteria to allocate at least 2% of their average net profits towards CSR activities. The results of this study indicate that CSR regulation in India is more structured and comprehensive compared to Indonesia, particularly in terms of reporting mechanisms, monitoring, and legal sanctions. This comparison provides valuable insight for developing a more effective and equitable CSR regulatory model that benefits society, corporations, and the state.

This community service activity aims to improve basic accounting literacy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through financial recording training and simple financial report making. Many MSME actors do not have a neat bookkeeping system, making it difficult to find out net income and access financing from financial institutions. Therefore, the introduction of simple accounting is a strategic step to encourage more professional and sustainable business management. This activity was carried out by a team of lecturers accompanied by students, with a participatory approach and based on direct practice. The training material includes basic understanding of accounting, recording daily transactions, preparing income statements, and simulating the use of financial statements for working capital submissions. Through this method, it is hoped that there will be an effective and applicable transfer of knowledge from academics to the public. The results of the activity showed that participants were able to understand the importance of financial recording and began to implement a simple bookkeeping system in their business operations. In addition, participants also showed increased confidence in compiling financial statements that can be used as supporting documents in applying for financing to cooperatives, banks, or other financial institutions. This activity not only provides practical benefits for MSME actors, but also strengthens the role of universities in community economic empowerment. In the future, similar activities can be developed with the integration of digital technology to support more efficient and accurate financial recording.

Article 26 of the Indonesian Income Tax Law (PPh Pasal 26) is a significant fiscal regulation that imposes withholding tax on income derived from Indonesian sources and received by foreign taxpayers who do not have a permanent establishment (PE) in Indonesia. The implementation of this regulation plays a crucial role in securing state revenue from cross-border transactions while also addressing the issue of double taxation through Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs). Income subject to PPh 26 includes dividends, interest, royalties, rent, service fees, rewards, pensions, and insurance premiums. The standard withholding tax rate is 20% of the gross or estimated net income, although lower rates may apply depending on applicable tax treaties. The calculation method varies depending on the type of income and the existence of a DTAA. This article also highlights the importance of determining the beneficial owner in applying tax treaty benefits, as well as the challenges faced by companies and tax authorities in enforcement. A case study is presented to illustrate how PPh 26 is calculated on insurance and reinsurance transactions involving foreign entities. Understanding the mechanism, rates, and legal context of PPh 26 is essential for taxpayers and practitioners to ensure compliance and mitigate potential tax disputes.

The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (RME) in hospitals often faces various obstacles that hinder the achievement of maximum benefits. The main problems lie in the visual design, content quality, and user acceptance of the system, which have an impact on the work efficiency of medical personnel and the quality of service to patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of visual design and content quality of RME on Net benefits by considering system users as intervening variables. This research approach uses the HOT-Fit model that integrates human, organizational, and technological dimensions, accompanied by EUCS theory to assess visual and content quality and UTAUT theory to understand user perceptions. The results showed that the dimensions of visual design and content quality had a significant influence on the Net benefits of RME, both directly and through intervening system user variables. The findings also revealed that weaknesses in menu structure and information relevance hindered system performance, although overall, the Net benefits of RME were in the high category. Therefore, continuous evaluation and improvement on visual aspects, such as a more intuitive layout, as well as more organized and relevant content, are priorities for improving RME implementation. Key suggestions include optimizing the menu structure, simplifying navigation, integrating the system across hospital units, and providing ongoing training for system users. Thus, this study contributes to the development of a more effective RME implementation strategy, so as to support digital transformation in the healthcare sector.

This study aims to analyze the impact of acquisitions on the profitability of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), using Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) indicators as the main proxies. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis methods and paired t-tests on two years before and two years after the acquisition. The results showed that in the ROA indicator, there was no statistically significant difference before and after the acquisition, although there was a descriptive decrease in value. Meanwhile, in the NPM indicator, only one of the four combinations of observation years (T-2 vs T+2) shows a significant difference, and the direction of change shows a drastic decrease until it reaches a negative value. This finding indicates that acquisitions do not necessarily increase company profitability, and even tend to have a negative impact within two years after the acquisition. This may be due to the non-optimization of the post-acquisition integration process. This study emphasizes the importance of careful integration planning and implementation so that the expected synergy benefits from acquisitions can be achieved

Hospitals must be able to deal with the dynamics of rapid change in the digital era, hence the need for digital transformation. Retention towards digital transformation in hospitals can take many forms, especially among medical and administrative staff. This study aims to evaluate the success of digital transformation at Cahaya Medika Hospital using the DeLone & McLean Model. This research method is quantitative explanatory research. The sample in this study were health workers, administration and medical support at Cahaya Medika Hospital totaling 127 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires and descriptive analysis techniques using the SEM-PLS method. The results showed system quality, information quality, and service quality influenced directly and indirectly on net benefits through use and user satisfaction on officers at Cahaya Medika Hospital. These results have theoretical implications that support theory and previous research. Managerially, it is expected to provide input for Cahaya Medika Hospital management to improve the success of digital transformation in hospitals. These efforts can help increase the level of system usage and user satisfaction which ultimately increases net benefits for the hospital. There is a significant influence of system quality, information quality, and service quality on net benefits through usage and user satisfaction on the success of digital transformation in RS Cahaya Medika Tambun Utara.