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This research focusses on translators working with languages that have diverse promotional language systems and cultures. The study is based on the modulation theory given by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). This research intends to highlight the changes in point of view produced by translators in translating texts from English into Indonesian. The data source of this study is Garuda Indonesia magazine, which is presented in English as well as its Indonesian translation. The research indicates that translators change their perspective based on various factors to produce a target language that is equivalent to the source language while retaining the original meaning. The changes include a) abstract for concrete, b) explicative modulation, c) the part for the whole, d) one part for another, e) reversal of terms, f) negation of opposite, g) active to passive, h) exchange of intervals for limits. The change in perspective creates a cultural bridge in translation involving different languages and cultures.

This study examines Japanese advertising and product-information texts on Shiseido Japan’s official website (www.brand.shiseido.co.jp) that grammatically prevent readers from construing statements as universal claims (“always” or “true for everyone”). It addresses two problems: how universal readings are blocked through grammatical construction in this register, and how the main blocking mechanisms differ in limiting generalisation and managing scope. The data consist of sentence-level usage, precautionary, and quality-related statements that plausibly invite broad general interpretations. Seven analytically representative tokens are used as illustrative evidence, covering wake-negation, baai-based case framing, and event/occasion packaging with V-ru koto ga aru, including rare-event calibration with mare ni and layered conditional framing. The study employs qualitative, theory-driven grammatical analysis focusing on clause structure, embedding, nominalisation, connective relations, and the compositional contribution of key markers. The results identify recurring templates with distinct structural signatures. Wake-negation blocks over-strong uptake by denying a candidate inference (…to iu wake de wa arimasen). Case framing with baai shifts categorical commitments into situation-restricted possibility (…baai ga arimasu), including complex variants that add causal linkage, avoidance marking, and directive closure. Event/occasion packaging with koto plus existential predication (…koto ga arimasu) presents anomalies as contingent occurrences, and it can be triggered by causal conditions (e.g., temperature change) or conditional frames (…to). Rare-event marking with mare ni further calibrates frequency and often co-occurs with contrastive reassurance about quality. Overall, universal-blocking emerges as a set of non-redundant grammatical routes that constrain inference, situational domain, and event profiling in a compact public informational genre.

Motojiro Kajii was a Japanese writer from the early Showa period, born in 1901, who left behind twenty-three great short stories and several other unfinished works, which are always closely related to fundamental questions about life and death, as well as the existence of darkness. Many of Kajii's works contain ironic meanings. Therefore, through a study of irony by Soren Kierkegaard, we describe Motojiro Kajii's thoughts as conveyed in his short story entitled “Sakura ki no shita ni wa”. This research is qualitative research using descriptive research methods. This study will analyse data that shows the explicit or implicit meaning of Soren Kierkegaard's Concept of Irony contained in “Sakura ki no shita ni wa”. The results of the study show that Kierkegaard's concept of irony appears in the short story, such as the negation of the beauty of the cherry blossom tree, but on the other hand, that beauty evokes feelings of restlessness, emptiness and gloom. Beauty does not always bring peace, but rather makes humans aware of transience and the dark side hidden behind something that appears beautiful. Beauty and death are inseparable, and it is thanks to this that beauty is created in life.

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications for customer support automation and digital service optimization. The review follows the PRISMA framework to ensure methodological rigor and transparency, focusing on literature published between 2020 and 2025 from the Scopus database. The findings reveal that AI-driven technologies, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Large Language Models, have significantly improved efficiency, response time, and customer satisfaction in customer support and digital service. Common NLP applications include sentiment analysis, ticket classification, and automated response generation. Among these, hybrid and transformer-based models demonstrate superior accuracy and contextual understanding compared to traditional algorithms. However, several challenges persist, including data quality limitations, privacy and security concerns, algorithmic bias, and linguistic ambiguities such as sarcasm and negation. Moreover, issues related to trust and ethical adoption continue to influence user acceptance of AI systems. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current methodologies, trends, and research gaps, offering insights for future studies to develop explainable, secure, and human-centered AI systems that enhance the sustainability and transparency of digital customer support services.

This study aims to describe the form and function of negation elements in the syntactic structure of Chairil Anwar's poetry anthology. The research method is descriptive qualitative with linguistic approach. The data sources are poetry texts by Chairil Anwar consisting of nine titles of Chairil Anwar's poems: Aku, Diponegoro, Karawang-Bekasi, Derai-Derai Cemara, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Hampa, Tak Sepadan and Siap Sedia. The data was collected using the documentation method, namely reading and scrutinizing the poetry texts to identify sentences that contain negation elements. The data found were then recorded and classified based on the form and location of the negation element in the syntactic structure of the sentence. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) identifying negation elements (all word/phrase elements containing negation elements in the poem); 2) classifying negation forms based on their types such as not, not, none, yet or don't; 3) analyzing syntactic structure (how the negation element functions in the syntactic structure, whether in predicate, subject, object or adverb; 4) interpreting the meaning and semantic and stylistic functions of negation elements in the context of the whole poem. To maintain data validity, this research uses theoretical triangulation by referring to various linguistic references (especially syntax and semantics) as well as previous studies on Chairil Anwar's poetry. In addition, data validation is done through cross-checking between readers on the results of identification and analysis. The results show that the element of negation plays a central role in shaping the syntactic structure, meaning and ideological and emotional character of his poetry. 

This article examines the concept of propositions in mathematics, which are statements referred to as (closed sentences, false, values, and true values). The discussion covers negation, or what is known as negation, as operations that have truth values and truth tables. In addition, this article examines conjunction, or compound propositions that are true. (the combination of two questions), which involves two propositions with either true or false values. Furthermore, this article also examines disjunction, which involves statements containing conjunctionand also has truth tables. The primary objective is to provide a concise yet comprehensive understanding of propositions as logical and mathematical concepts. In addition, this article examines conjunction, or compound propositions that are true. A conjunction involves two propositions that are combined using the logical operator "and," symbolized by ∧. The conjunction of two propositions is true only when both individual propositions are true. For example, if P is true and Q is true, then the conjunction P ∧ Q is also true. However, if either P or Q is false, the conjunction P ∧ Q becomes false. The truth table for conjunction helps to clarify these conditions. Conjunction is often used in mathematical proofs, where multiple conditions must be satisfied simultaneously for a statement to hold true. Furthermore, this article also examines disjunction, which involves statements containing conjunction and also has truth tables. Disjunction, represented by the symbol ∨, involves two propositions and is true if at least one of the propositions is true. If both propositions are false, the disjunction is false. For instance, if P is false and Q is true, then P ∨ Q is true. The truth table for disjunction provides clarity on how this operation works. Disjunction is frequently used in mathematics and logic to express situations where at least one condition must be satisfied.

This article examines Herbert Marcuse's thoughts in One Dimensional Man as a critique of the dominance of technology and capitalism in shaping the one-dimensional consciousness of modern humans. Using a critical philosophical approach, this study examines how digital technology, which was originally projected as an instrument of liberation, has actually transformed into a subtle means of oppression through the mechanisms of false needs and irrational rationality. Instead of opening up a space for emancipation, technological developments often deepen human attachment to the logic of the consumption-oriented digital capitalist system. The main goal of this research is to reawaken critical awareness and human negation in the midst of virtual reality that increasingly dominates life in the Society 5.0 era. The results of the study show that digital humans tend to experience existential alienation, where deep reflection and authentic freedom are reduced by the flow of instant information, pseudo-entertainment, and consumptive lifestyles. This condition makes individuals trapped in a cycle of obedience to a system that seems rational, when in fact it covers structural dominance. The discussion emphasized the importance of emancipation efforts through the rejection of the dominant system and the reactivation of critical potential as a path to true freedom. Emancipation is understood not only as a release from the shackles of technology, but also as an effort to revive reflective consciousness that is able to negate false values. Thus, Marcuse's thought remains relevant to reading the crisis of contemporary human consciousness while providing a philosophical foundation for the formation of a reflective, independent, and autonomous subject.

This article examines the semantic meaning in the Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra (Heart Sūtra), one of the important sūtras in the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. Using a qualitative approach, this article integrates semantic and hermeneutical theories to understand the structure of meaning, symbolism, and interpretation contained in the text. The analysis focuses on key words such as śūnyatā (emptiness), negation structures, and closing mantras as symbolic forms towards enlightenment. The study employs close reading methodology combined with semantic field theory, polysemy analysis, and apophatic language frameworks. The results show that a semantic approach deepens the understanding of Buddha's teachings and their relevance in spiritual practice. This article also highlights how meaning in the text is not only linguistic, but also existential and contemplative, demonstrating that religious language in Mahāyāna functions as metalanguage pointing beyond conceptual understanding.