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This study analyzes the effect of logistics digitalization systems and personnel competence on the distribution of personnel uniforms (kaporlap) at Kodiklatal. The study was motivated by the fact that the distribution system had not yet operated optimally despite the implementation of digital logistics, while delays in updating the Sistem Informasi Entitas Samapta (SIMBENSAM), limited documentation of device identities, and unequal digital skills among personnel still constrained distribution performance. A quantitative approach with explanatory design was applied. The population consisted of 3,099 personnel and the sample comprised 97 respondents selected using Slovin's formula. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and internal documentation, then analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, descriptive analysis, and simple and multiple linear regression. The results show that the logistics digitalization system has a positive and significant effect on kaporlap distribution (t = 24.607; p < 0.05), personnel competence also has a positive and significant effect (t = 37.972; p < 0.05), and both variables simultaneously affect distribution performance (F = 788.285; p < 0.05) with an R square of 0.944. These findings confirm that digital systems and human competence must be strengthened in an integrated manner to support efficient, accurate, and timely distribution in a military education environment.

Digital transformation in the military procurement sector has brought significant changes to accountability patterns at the Naval Academy (AAL). Using the AP2EP management cycle (Analysis, Planning, Execution, Evaluation, and Control) as an analytical tool, this paper dissects the extent to which the E-Procurement system can mitigate budget deviation risks and enhance financial transparency. As a military educational institution striving to become a World Class Naval Academy, AAL faces unique challenges in balancing state financial regulations with specific educational logistics needs. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research demonstrates that procurement digitalization provides an automated audit trail that minimizes human intervention. Despite technical and cultural obstacles, strategic steps such as developing real-time dashboards have proven effective in optimizing state financial governance to support cadet education quality and maintain an Unqualified Opinion (WTP).

The rapid development of information technology has created new challenges for military organizations, including the increasing accessibility of online gambling among military personnel. This study aims to analyze the optimization of mental development programs for Indonesian Navy personnel at the Naval Academy as an effort to prevent online gambling behavior. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Data were collected from military leaders, military police personnel, mental development officers, and Naval Academy personnel. The findings indicate that mental development programs have been implemented through religious guidance, counseling, lectures, and character-building activities, which generally receive positive responses from personnel. However, several obstacles remain, including limited participation due to operational activities, rapid technological advancement, easy internet access, and the absence of specific educational materials concerning online gambling. Factors influencing personnel involvement in online gambling include low self-control, unproductive use of leisure time, environmental influences, and personal economic problems. The study concludes that mental development can effectively prevent online gambling when implemented continuously, supported by leadership involvement, digital literacy enhancement, supervision of technology use, and specific educational materials addressing the dangers of online gambling.

Humanitarian law plays a significant role in shaping military professionalism, particularly in developing leadership character that upholds human values during military operations. Marine Corps officers are frequently involved in operational assignments that directly interact with civilian populations, both in war operations and military operations other than war. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of International Humanitarian Law is essential for supporting professional and ethical decision-making. This study aims to analyze efforts to optimize humanitarian law understanding in order to develop a humanistic character among Marine Corps officer cadets. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using observation, interviews, documentation studies, and literature reviews. Data were collected from Marine Corps educational institutions and legal experts within the Indonesian Naval Academy. The findings indicate that humanitarian law understanding among officer cadets remains constrained by limited instructional time, insufficient practical simulations, and the need for stronger curriculum integration. However, humanitarian law significantly contributes to developing integrity, responsibility, empathy, respect for human dignity, and professionalism in military leadership. Optimization efforts can be achieved through curriculum enhancement, practical case-based learning, continuous legal education, leadership ethics training, and strengthening organizational culture. The study concludes that strengthening humanitarian law education is essential for producing professional, humanistic, and globally competent Marine Corps officers.

This research aims to evaluate the Naval Academy's Technical Corps Education Program in enhancing cadets' readiness to face assignments on the Indonesian Navy Warships (KRI). The research uses a quantitative approach with an evaluative method and the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The research sample consisted of 154 respondents, including cadets from the Technical Corps, educators, and officers who are users of the graduates. Data were collected thru questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation, and then analyzed using descriptive statistics and the CIPP model evaluation. The research results show that the Technical Corps Education Program falls into the good category with an average score of 4.15. The context component received a score of 4.18, input 4.05, process 4.12, and product 4.23. The results indicate that the education program has been effective in enhancing the cadets' readiness to face assignments on KRI. The main supporting factors include curriculum alignment, educator competence, and field practice experience. However, the improvement of practical facilities, the updating of modern warship technology materials, and the strengthening of simulation-based training are still needed to continuously enhance the quality of graduates.

The increasing demand for electrical energy in military education facilities necessitates an efficient, reliable, and sustainable energy solution. This research aims to design a Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system to meet the street lighting needs in the Wangi-Wangi Complex of the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL). The research method used is quantitative descriptive with an engineering design approach thru the stages of site survey, collection of solar energy potential data in the Surabaya area, calculation of electricity energy needs, calculation of solar panel capacity, calculation of battery capacity, and design of battery connection configuration. The research results show that the energy requirement for street lighting is 1,920 Wh/day, sourced from 8 units of 20 Watt LED lamps with an operating time of 12 hours per day. Based on the average solar radiation potential in Surabaya of 5 kWh/m²/day, the designed system requires 3 units of 200 Wp monocrystalline solar panels with a total area of approximately 4.89 m². For energy storage, 4 units of Yuasa N200 12 V 200 Ah batteries are used, configured in a series-parallel arrangement, capable of providing an effective energy of around 3,600 Wh with an estimated operating time of 22.5 hours. The research results indicate that the proposed solar power plant design is feasible to implement as an environmentally friendly, efficient alternative energy source that supports the green defense concept in the AAL environment.

The shift in the international political order from a unipolar to a multipolar system has created increasingly complex global security dynamics and the potential for conflicts among states. This condition requires improving international political literacy among civil society, particularly Indonesian youth, so they can critically understand and respond to geopolitical transformations. In response to this urgency, this Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to enhance students’ global issue literacy through the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Goes To School (FGTS) 5.0 program themed Conflict & Military. The activity was conducted on April 6, 2026, involving 40 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 97 Jakarta. The implementation method combined interactive lectures with popular culture references to make the material easier for teenagers to understand. Evaluation was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests in the form of multiple-choice quizzes. The material covered the concept of United States national interests, the Board of Peace (BoP) security initiative, Realism Theory, and the conflicts involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. The evaluation results showed that students had strong understanding of popular global issues but limited comprehension of technical aspects related to international institutions, such as the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Therefore, future international political literacy programs should focus more on strategic and technical issues that are less familiar to the public.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Psychological Capital, work motivation, and workload on the performance of Training Officers at the Infantry Education Center (Pusdikif) of the Indonesian Army's Infantry Training Center (Pussenif. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The research population consists of all 60 non-commissioned officer trainers at Pusdikif Pussenif TNI AD. Data collection was conducted using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 29. The results show that Psychological Capital has no significant effect on the performance of non-commissioned officer trainers. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance and is the most dominant variable. Workload has a positive and significant effect on performance. Simultaneously, Psychological Capital, work motivation, and workload have a significant effect on the performance of Training Officers. The research model has a very strong relationship (R = 0.856) with an explanatory power of 73.3%. This study shows that the performance of military trainers is more influenced by work motivation and task demands than by personal psychological factors. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for the leadership of the Indonesian Army's education units in increasing work motivation and managing the workload of trainers proportionally to support the improvement of military education performance.

This article provides a descriptive analysis of the potential for integrating national security values into the Christian education curriculum as a strategic effort to support Indonesia's vision of generating a golden generation by 2045. The research object is the formal Christian education system in Indonesia, encompassing its curriculum, pedagogy, and the overarching goal of character formation. The central problem addressed is the perceived dichotomy between faith-based education and the cultivation of civic responsibility, specifically concerning national security a concept often narrowly associated with the military rather than with social resilience, tolerance, and unity. The objective is to explore how Christian educational values can be systematically aligned with national priorities to produce graduates who are both devout and patriotic. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this study synthesizes findings from a literature review of Christian education philosophy, national curriculum standards, and policy documents on national security and character education. The main findings reveal a significant convergence between Christian ethical teachings such as love for neighbor, integrity, and peacebuilding and the core values underpinning national security and social harmony, like Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). The synthesis of ideas proposes a conceptual framework where subjects like civic education and religious studies are interwoven to foster a holistic identity. The article concludes that a deliberate integration of national security values, framed as active citizenship and social stewardship, is not only compatible with Christian education but is essential for realizing the resilient, morally grounded human resources needed for Indonesia 2045.

Senior high school students represent a strategic age group transitioning into adulthood and are expected to become future leaders of the nation. In the context of achieving Indonesia’s Vision 2045, threats to national resilience are no longer dominated by military aggression, but rather by non-military challenges in the form of cognitive warfare. One prominent manifestation of this threat is the massive exposure of students to low-value digital content, commonly referred to as brain rot, on social media platforms. Such content has the potential to reduce attention span, critical thinking ability, and national awareness among adolescents. Consequently, senior high school students have become a vulnerable group in the spread of misinformation, disinformation, and ideologies that contradict Pancasila values. This community service activity aims to provide training and strengthen national defense character (bela negara) among senior high school students in Jakarta through an educational and participatory approach. The methods employed include the delivery of conceptual materials on national defense awareness and digital literacy, as well as national defense debate simulations designed to enhance students’ critical, argumentative, and ethical thinking skills. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of national defense values and their ability to express logical and responsible arguments. This activity is expected to contribute to the development of a resilient, critical, and nationally-minded young generation capable of facing contemporary challenges in the digital era.

This article examines the effectiveness of fermented kombucha drinks in enhancing the immunity of menopausal women through an evidence-based nutrition approach. Additionally, the study highlights how community-based kombucha production and consumption programs can be part of non-military health diplomacy, supporting community resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like menopausal women who experience immune function decline due to hormonal changes. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study analyzes 30 relevant articles published between 2018–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and others. The findings show that (1) kombucha improves immunity through cytokine modulation and increased antioxidant activity, (2) kombucha normalizes gut microbiota, contributing to the immune health of menopausal women, (3) fermentation variations and microbial composition affect kombucha's effectiveness, and (4) community-based kombucha production programs have potential in enhancing health literacy and local economic empowerment. This study provides a basis for local governments, health centers, and communities to integrate kombucha as a preventive health intervention, while also strengthening community resilience through nutrition education and functional food entrepreneurship. The article also offers a new conceptual model, “Kombucha Intervention – Immunity – Health Diplomacy,” that connects biological evidence, community health, and non-military resilience integratively.

Leadership character development is a fundamental foundation in preparing Indonesian Naval Academy Marine Cadets as prospective Platoon Commanders (Platoon Leaders) in operational units. The complexity of the operational environment, the dynamics of the strategic setting, and the demands of military professionalism require a platoon commander to excel not only in technical and tactical competencies, but also to possess strong, integrity-based, and adaptive leadership character. This article aims to comprehensively analyze leadership character development materials for prospective Marine Platoon Commanders at the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL) using the Character Cultivation approach and the Military Leadership and Character Development theory proposed by Dr. Charles C. Wong. This study employs a qualitative research method with data collected through expert interviews, document analysis, and SWOT analysis. The findings indicate that the most appropriate strategy for leadership character development is the Strength–Opportunities (SO) strategy, which emphasizes leveraging internal strengths of military education to capitalize on external opportunities, particularly global trends in character-based leadership and the utilization of educational technology. This article, structured equivalently to a minimum of 30 A4 pages, is expected to serve as an academic reference and a policy input for strengthening leadership education for Marine Cadets.

Land navigation capability is a fundamental competence that must be possessed by Marine Corps cadets to support the success of military training and operations. Along with technological advancements, the utilization of modern navigation devices such as offline maps integrated with smartwatches has emerged as a strategic alternative to enhance the effectiveness of ground operation training. However, the implementation of this technology within military education institutions, particularly at the Indonesian Naval Academy, remains limited. This study aims to analyze the optimization of smartwatch-based offline maps to support ground operation training for Marine Corps cadets. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was employed through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects included instructors from the Marine Department and Marine Corps cadets of the 70th cohort. The findings indicate that smartwatch-based offline maps offer significant advantages in terms of practicality, durability in wet terrain, accessibility of navigation data, and movement efficiency compared to conventional GPS devices. Nevertheless, the utilization of this technology is constrained by the absence of structured curriculum integration, limited specialized training, and insufficient technological proficiency among instructors and cadets. Therefore, this study recommends incorporating smartwatch-based offline map training into the formal curriculum to enhance the readiness, professionalism, and independent navigation skills of Marine Corps cadets in modern military operations.

Physical fitness is a fundamental requirement for Marine Corps Cadets, both during their education at the Naval Academy and in their future military service. The role of a Platoon Commander requires excellent physical condition, adequate muscular strength, high endurance, and strong mental readiness. This study aims to describe and analyze the optimization of weight training as a physical conditioning method to improve the physical capabilities of Marine Corps Cadets. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The subjects consisted of Marine Corps Cadets who participated in weight training programs at the Naval Academy, involving 11 questionnaire respondents and key informants from the Physical Training Department. The results indicate that well-planned, structured, and supervised weight training programs significantly enhance muscular strength, physical endurance, agility, coordination, and self-confidence. Furthermore, weight training contributes to improved physical fitness test scores and the development of a more proportional body posture. Therefore, the optimization of weight training can be considered an essential component of physical training programs to prepare Marine Corps Cadets to become professional and mission-ready Platoon Commanders.

The Indonesian Navy Academy is a military educational institution that produces cadets to become professional and reliable Indonesian Navy officers. Cadets are required to have strong physical and mental strength to achieve responsiveness, resilience, and resilience in undergoing education, training, and upbringing. To support learning and training activities, quality food intake and service are required. Quality meal service is needed in order to increase the satisfaction of AAL cadets during meal activities in the Hadiwinarso Rds Loungeroom. For this reason, qualified Human Resources are needed to man the Hadiwinarso Rds Loungeroom, namely Cooks and Waiters in improving meal services for cadets. The researcher focused on personnel development and made it as input to optimize the cooks and waiters in the Hadwinarso Rds Loungeroom to improve meal services for cadets. In this study, the SWOT method was used to reveal internal and external factors that influence the performance of Waiters and Cooks. This study is expected to find the right optimization strategy by identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. After conducting a SWOT analysis, a strategy was obtained to optimize Waiters and Cooks with a combination strategy of Weakness-Opportunity in quadrant III. W-O strategy (supporting the Turn-Around strategy) namely the organization faces enormous opportunities, but on the other hand faces several internal obstacles/weaknesses with the focus of the strategy being to minimize internal weaknesses so that it can seize better opportunities. The results of the study show that the W-O Strategy that the author found is Strategy 1: Given training/courses according to their fields so that they can work optimally and acquire new skills, Strategy 2: Cooks and Waiters have experience in supporting protocol activities at AAL well. Working well and having experience is capital to open up opportunities for PHL to be appointed as PNS or promoted to division head/kitchen head by considering the working time and amount of experience during AAL, Strategy 3: AAL needs to have standardization in recruiting workers so that later workers are ready to be placed to work according to their fields and open up opportunities to continue improving skills/abilities through courses/training provided by AAL. Meanwhile, to standardize recruitment, researchers provide specific requirements for job applicants interested in becoming cooks and waiters at the Loungeroom at Rd. S Hadi Winarso

Daily drinking water requirement for healthy individuals is a crucial factor in maintaining health and physiological balance. For individuals involved in intense physical activity or exercise, fluid requirements can increase significantly, with recommendations reaching 3 to 4 liters per day to replace fluid loss through sweat, so researchers consider it important to discuss the provision of clean drinking water installations with the application of Reverse Osmosis (RO) machines that utilize PDAM water as a source, which is in the Candrasa complex to support the fulfillment of drinking water needs for the Indonesian Navy Academy Cadets. AAL is a military educational institution that requires a supply of safe and high-quality drinking water for the Cadets so that the learning and training process can run smoothly. This study covers the daily drinking water needs of AAL Cadets, the current condition of the drinking water supply, and the concept of the RO machine itself in the Candrasa complex by utilizing PDAM water to produce healthy and suitable drinking water for AAL Cadets. The results of this study are expected to increase the availability of clean and safe drinking water for AAL cadets, facilitate drinking water distribution in the Candrasa complex, support their quality of life during their education, training, and foster care, and help maintain their health and safety. This study also underscores the importance of efficient and sustainable water management in the military environment.

The Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL) as a military educational institution requires a large electricity supply to support its operational activities, including in the Sapudi Building of the Engineering Department. This study aims to design a solar energy system to supply the electricity needs for lighting in the building. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data collection was conducted through direct observation of building conditions, electrical equipment, and solar radiation intensity data in Surabaya. The research results show that the total electricity requirement for lighting in the Sapudi Building is 4.686 kW with a total of 143 lights (96 neon lights and 47 light bulbs). Based on calculations with an average solar radiation of 5.00 kWh/m²/day, the designed system requires 41 units of Solar PV Lesso HPM 550W panel type with 21.3% efficiency and 9 units of Panasonic LC-P12100NA batteries with a capacity of 100Ah arranged in 3 series and 3 parallel configurations. This study proves that the utilization of solar energy can be an efficient and sustainable alternative solution to reduce dependence on conventional electricity in the AAL environment, while supporting the implementation of renewable energy in Indonesian military institutions.

Reliable and sustainable lighting is crucial for supporting practical activities in a military educational environment, particularly in the Engineering Laboratory Workshop (Labtek) of the Naval Academy. The main problem faced is complete dependence on electricity supply from PLN, which is prone to disruptions and outages, thus impacting the safety and effectiveness of technical activities. Therefore, this research aims to design a solar-powered emergency lighting system as an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative lighting solution. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with a case study approach at the Naval Technology Laboratory (Labtek) of the Naval Academy (AAL). The stages include power requirement analysis, direct observation of building and lighting conditions, selection of solar energy system components, and calculation of solar panel and battery capacity. Based on the analysis results, the total emergency power requirement of 1.96 kW can be met using 100 Wp monocrystalline solar panels and 12V 100Ah batteries for energy storage.The system design consists of solar panels, a solar charge controller, batteries, and LED lights that automatically turn on when the power goes out. Simulation results show that the system is capable of providing emergency lighting for 6–10 hours, depending on sunlight intensity and battery capacity. The implementation of this system not only improves the reliability of Labtek facilities but also supports nat ional clean energy policies and long-term operational cost efficiency.

Purpose –This article aims to integrate three strategic pillars in strengthening Indonesia's defense human resources (HR), namely Crew Resource Management (CRM) in military medicine, national biological defense, and STEM-based education. Design/methodology/approach –The research used a systematic literature review approach by examining literature from international databases (Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, ACM, IEEE, ScienceDirect, SAGE, DOAJ, JSTOR) and reputable national journals (SINTA, GARUDA, BRIN). The analysis was conducted thematically with normative, empirical, and conceptual approaches. Findings –The study results show that: (1) CRM effectively improves communication, coordination, and decision-making of military medical teams in crisis situations; (2) the establishment of a Biological Defense Agency is urgently needed to address the threat of pandemics, bioterrorism, and transnational biosecurity; and (3) STEM education has been proven to strengthen innovation, adaptability, and the competence of the younger generation of defense personnel. The integration of these three aspects results in the CRM–Bio-Defense–STEM Nexus conceptual framework as the foundation for developing Indonesian defense human resources towards the 2045 vision. Practical implications –This study recommends strengthening national policies through: (1) a STEM-based defense curriculum, (2) CRM training in military medical education and operations, and (3) the establishment of a special biological defense institution as the front line in facing biological threats.Originality/value –This article provides a new contribution in the form of an integrative conceptual model of CRM–Bio-Defense–STEM that has never been studied holistically in the context of Indonesian defense, while also offering a strategic framework for the development of adaptive, innovative, and resilient national defense human resources.

The Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL) is a military educational institution responsible for training young officers for the Indonesian Navy. The learning process at AAL is structured thru classroom theory, field practice, and direct simulations, including using the Engine Room Simulator (ERS) located under the Department of Engineering. The ERS is an important facility for supporting the technical mastery of ship engines for cadets. The operation of this simulator is highly dependent on the supply of electrical energy, with a total electrical power requirement of 14.36 kW. Thru this research, the author aims to design a hybrid solar energy system that can combine electrical energy from the PLN grid with alternative energy from sunlight. The potential for solar energy in the Indonesian Navy Academy area is very large. The average sunlight intensity in the Surabaya area over 1 year per hour is 208.33 W/m2. Therefore, in the design study, the author chose the Solar PV Lesso HPM series 550W solar panel, which has a power of 550W, an efficiency of 21.3%, and an area per panel of 2.583 m2. Based on the calculations obtained, the author used 126 solar panels with an area of 323.64 m2, as well as 24 Panasonic LC-P12100NA batteries with a voltage of 12 V and a capacity of 100 Ah, installed in 3 series and 8 parallel circuits.