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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator bacteria that is often used to assess the level of microbial contamination in food and plants. This study aims to isolate and identify the presence of E. coli from Coleus amboinicus plants which are known to have antibacterial activity. Fresh leaf samples of C. amboinicus were taken from the home yard environment. Isolation was carried out using the serial dilution method and planting on eosin methylene blue (EMB) placement media. Identification was carried out based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including IMViC (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate). The results showed the presence of metallic green colonies on EMB, which showed the characteristics of E. coli. Biochemical tests showed Indole (+), Methyl Red (+), Voges-Proskauer (-), and Citrate (-), which confirmed the isolate as E. coli. The presence of E. coli in C. amboinicus indicates the possibility of environmental fecal contamination, and is a concern in the processing and consumption of this medicinal plant.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using Methylene Blue stain in the microscopic observation of frog skin cell structures. Cell staining is an essential technique in histological studies, as it enhances the visibility of cellular components that are otherwise difficult to observe without contrast. Methylene Blue is known to have a high affinity for acidic components within the cell nucleus, thus providing a clearer depiction of nuclear and cell membrane structures. This research employed a descriptive experimental method by preparing frog skin tissue samples stained with Methylene Blue and observing them under a light microscope. The results indicated that Methylene Blue staining produced high contrast, allowing for the identification of hexagonal-shaped cells and dark, centralized nuclei. The obtained microscopic images revealed a uniform distribution of cells with clearly observable morphological structures. Therefore, Methylene Blue is proven to be effective in enhancing the microscopic visualization of epithelial tissue in frog skin and is recommended for use in both educational and basic biological research contexts.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using Methylene Blue stain in the microscopic observation of frog skin cell structures. Cell staining is an essential technique in histological studies, as it enhances the visibility of cellular components that are otherwise difficult to observe without contrast. Methylene Blue is known to have a high affinity for acidic components within the cell nucleus, thus providing a clearer depiction of nuclear and cell membrane structures. This research employed a descriptive experimental method by preparing frog skin tissue samples stained with Methylene Blue and observing them under a light microscope. The results indicated that Methylene Blue staining produced high contrast, allowing for the identification of hexagonal-shaped cells and dark, centralized nuclei. The obtained microscopic images revealed a uniform distribution of cells with clearly observable morphological structures. Therefore, Methylene Blue is proven to be effective in enhancing the microscopic visualization of epithelial tissue in frog skin and is recommended for use in both educational and basic biological research contexts.

Coal is an organic mineral from ancient plant remains that settles and goes through physical or chemical processes over a period of up to millions of years. Coal is used as a source of steam-powered electrical energy through combustion which produces fly ash waste. fly ash contains various chemical materials such as SiO2; Al2O3; Fe2O3. The potential chemical content makes fly ash which can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals and dyes by forming silica xerogel. To increase the silica oxide content in fly ash, a washing process is carried out with various solvents. Research on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using silica xerogel from fly ash with variations in contact time. The results showed that silica xerogel from fly ash was able to adsorb methylene blue dye at a contact time of 90 minutes. Adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo second order model with an R2 value that is better than pseudo first order. It can be seen that the R2 value respectively shows a linear regression of 0.703 for pseudo first order and 1 for pseudo second order.

Rice husk is a waste originating from agricultural waste that has not been utilized properly. The purpose of this study was to compare NaOH-activated rice husk activated charcoal with unactivated activated charcoal, and to measure the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal to methylene blue. Gravimetry, volumetry, and spectrophotometry are the analytical techniques used in this analysis. In this study, 1.5 M rice husk activated charcoal with NaOH showed the best results. It showed a water content of 8.81%, ash content of 5.87%, volatile matter content of 6.60%, and carbon content of 78.72%. In addition, the results showed that NaOH-activated rice husk activated charcoal has characteristic capabilities and adsorption capacity to methylene blue that meets SNI. The longer it is reasonable, the more rice husk activated charcoal.