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This research uses the method of analyzing language sound phonemes to understand how the sounds of Indonesian are organized in its phonological system. The results are expected to provide in-depth insight into the sound structure of this language, support linguistic understanding and contribute to the development of language teaching methods. This research shows that phonemes in Indonesian have twenty-three consonant sounds and ten vowel sounds. The twenty-three consonant sounds are [p, b, t, d, c, j, k, ˀ, g, m, n, ŋ, ñ, l, f, s, z, ʃ, x, h, r, w, y]. Meanwhile, the ten vowel sounds are [a, i, I, u, U, e, ә, є, o, ↄ]. While the nineteen consonant phonemes, namely /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/,/l/,/g/,/c/, /j/,/s/, /h/, /m/, /n/, ñ/, /ŋ/,/r/, /R/,/w/, /y/.

Associative meaning is the meaning that a word has that is interconnected with circumstances outside of language. Associative meaning is also related to changes in meaning due to the similarity of characteristics of a word. Language communities use associative meaning to express other concepts that are similar to the nature, condition or characteristics of the concept from which the word or lexeme originates. Associative meaning can be found in various fields of language arts, one of which is in song lyrics. Therefore, this research aims to describe the associative meaning and link with tasawwuf in the song lyrics in the album "Laskar Cinta" by Dewa 19. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis and uses a semantic approach. In Dewa 19's "Laskar Cinta" album, there are 12 songs, but the 4 song titles analyzed contain 11 data that use associative meanings and meanings linked to tasawwuf. The associative meaning is identified by finding a word that has a meaning outside of language.

This research discusses the analysis of language style in the lyrics of the song “Hati-Hati Di Jalan” by Tulus with a stylistic study. The reason the author chose this song is 1) The song lyrics have a language style that can be studied, 2) So that listeners know the meaning of the song they are listerning to, 3) The song lyrics can also be used as teaching material for Indonsian language subjects. The problems formulations of this research is “What is the language style of the lyrics of the song Hati-Hati Di Jalan by Tulus?” The research method used is descriptive qualitative with note-taking techniques. Based on the research result, there are three types of language found in song lyrics, including comparative figures of speech, affirmative figures of speech, and satirical figures of speech.

Language has an important position in human life, namely as a communication tool that connects individuals with each other. The irreplaceable role of language forces humans to be able to master language. Effective communication can be achieved if there is the same meaning between the communicator and the communicant regarding the message conveyed. The research aims to explain the form of wise expressions in the novels "Rindu" and "Pukat" by Tere Liye; the meaning of wise expressions contained in each wise expression in conversation; and the power of the meaning of wise expressions in conversation to make the writer a character. The research design used was descriptive qualitative with semantic studies and the sample in this study was 44 respondents. The results show that there are four forms of wise expressions used in Tere Liye's two works, namely wise expressions of advice, ethics/morals, education, and religion. The meanings contained in wise expressions in conversations according to Djajasudarma's theory in the novel "Rindu" include broad, emotive, dramatic, propositional, central, fictional and idiomatic meanings. Meanwhile, the meaning of wise expressions in "Pukat" includes broad meaning, motif, dramatic, propositional, central, pictorial and idiomatic.

The elderly who are cared for in an elderly care home require spiritual needs to be met, and there are times when the elderly use the resources available either from the family, people who are religious experts either in the hospital or others in the elderly community. Therefore, the fulfillment of the spiritual needs of the elderly must be done so that the elderly on the eve of death can die in a calm and peaceful state. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the fulfillment of spiritual needs in the elderly near death from the perspective of the caregiver at the Kendal elderly Social Service Center (PPSLU). This study uses descriptive survey research design. The sample in this study amounted to 36 respondents. Sampling using total sampling. The results showed that the majority of hospitalists were aged based on a median value of 41 years, male gender as much as 53%, high school education as much as 53%, have long worked >3 years as much as 89% and meet the fulfillment of spiritual needs in the elderly near death as much as 44%. The caregiver is only limited to fulfilling the spiritual needs of meaning, purpose and hope in life but in the spiritual needs of relationship with God; spiritual practice has not been fulfilled. This is because the caregiver's understanding of spiritual needs is only limited to religion or belief.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.

In this research, the author identified the visual forms found in the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo. These forms were identified in order to determine the representation of Indonesian culture contained in the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo. The author used descriptive research with a qualitative approach.  The visual form and meaning of the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo were analyzed through preiconographical, iconographic and iconological theories which were explained by Edward Panofsky.  Visual elements such as shape, color, typography, contained in the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo were identified through this process.  These three steps examine the hidden meaning of the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo which is linked to basic cultural mentality.  These steps became the basis for researchers to analyze the data.  Researchers analyzed the visual form and meaning of the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo to determine the relationship between the logo and Indonesian culture. Analysis of the visual appearance and meaning was carried out to conclude the representation of Indonesian culture in the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo. Based on the findings of this research, it was concluded that the G20 Indonesia 2022 logo has a form and meaning that represents Indonesian culture.

Poetry is beautiful language based on the results of someone's thoughts and feelings expressed in written language. Poetry is an imaginative literary work that contains analogies of meaning with other uses so that the meaning contained in the poem is hidden behind words, similes and aesthetics that not everyone understands the meaning of the poetry conveyed. When reading poetry, it is necessary to read poetry repeatedly to understand the meaning of the poem because the language in poetry has a broad, implied meaning and is difficult to interpret. Therefore, readers must understand how to study poetry with knowledge in order to understand the meaning of the poetry conveyed. The poem by Heri Isnaini with the title "1 Distance" is formed in simple language but is interesting to study. This attracts a reader to study the poem and use it as research material. The aim of this research. The aim of this research is to analyze the meaning in the poem entitled "Distance 1" by Heri Isnaini and convey the content of the poem in detail so that readers can understand the meaning conveyed through this research. This research is also useful for readers to further develop literary works in the form of poetry. The method used in this research uses a qualitative descriptive method which examines the content of the meaning of the poem "1 Distance". In this way, this research will reveal the implied meaning of the poetry presented by the poet. Apart from that, the author dissects this poem using a mimetic approach. Mimetics is an approach in literary criticism regarding imitation or fiction of real life.

Fables are literary works in the form of literary texts in the form of exposure to stories and poems with animal characters. This study aims to determine the meaning and meaning of the Fable text of Jean de la Fontaine's three literary works, "la Cigale et la Fourmi, le Coq et le Renard, and le Lion devenu vieux". With a semantic approach and the research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method, which analyzes the meaning and meaning of the sentences in the fable.

This research titled ‘The meaning of Koto in Kono Oto Tomare’s anime movie’. This movie is an adaption from manga Kono Oto Tomare! writen by Amyuu. This movie tells about the struggles of Tokise’s high school student which joined in Tokise’s Koto Club to defended their club from disbanded by vice principal. Method which used in this research is descriptive-qualitative method. For data analysis used Roland Barthes Semiotic theory. Roland Barthes Semiotic has two step of signification, first step has denotation, and then developed it into the second step that is connotation or myths.

Language is unique and universal. Unique means that every language has the same characteristics that are owned by every language in the world and universal means that it has its own characteristics that are not owned by other languages. This study aims to compare the similarities and differences in meaning found in Chinese proverbs and Indonesian proverbs that use the word "heart". Researchers used a qualitative descriptive research design. The data collection technique was carried out using documentation techniques and the data sources for this research were the Xīnhuá chéngyǔ cídiǎn dictionary and the 7700 Indonesian Proverb Dictionary. The results of this study indicate that there are 10 similar meanings in Chinese proverbs and Indonesian proverbs, such as anxiety, honesty, very close relationships and others. Besides that, there are 28 different meanings in Mandarin proverbs and Indonesian proverbs, such as not concentrating, being loyal, being wise and so on. Most describe the state, feelings, behavior and character of a person.

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of metaphors, namely, anthropomorphic, animalistic, and synesthetic as well as the meaning in the text of the ri Kajang tide as the embodiment of the local culture of the Kajang people. This research was conducted for about two months in the Kajang Ammatoa Area, Bulukumba Regency. This research is a research with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion of the use of figurative language in the text of the ri Kajang tide, it can be concluded that the results of this study indicate that there are various forms of figurative language found in the text of the ri Kajang ri. contained in the text of the tide ri kajang. The findings related to figurative language metaphor and the meaning of the text of the ri kajang pair are as many as 13 data. There are four data of anthropomorphic metaphors, five data of animal metaphors, and four data of synesthetic metaphors.