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The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, both physically and mentally, may be rather uncomfortable, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women often report back discomfort, muscular aches, trouble sleeping, excessive exhaustion, and irregular sleep patterns. Mothers' physical and mental health as well as the health of their unborn children may be significantly impacted by inadequate sleep quality during pregnancy. To enhance comfort and the quality of sleep during pregnancy, one non-pharmacological technique is to use an aromatherapy maternity pillow. An ergonomic and ecologically sustainable invention to enhance mother comfort during pregnancy was the goal of this research, which intended to produce a Pregnancy Pillow Therapy product with pineapple leaf fiber and aromatherapy. A descriptive research design using a prototype creation technique was used in this study. The stages of the research included problem identification, literature review, product design, material selection, prototype manufacturing, and product evaluation. Data were collected through literature studies and observations related to sleep discomfort in pregnancy, maternity pillow utilization, aromatherapy therapy, and pineapple leaf fiber characteristics. The developed product was designed ergonomically to support the back, abdomen, waist, and legs of pregnant women. The addition of aromatherapy was intended to provide a relaxing effect and improve sleep quality. The use of pineapple leaf fiber also supports environmentally friendly product innovation through agricultural waste utilization. The results indicate that Pregnancy Pillow Therapy has the potential to become a supportive product for improving comfort and sleep quality among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate product effectiveness directly among pregnant women.

The postpartum period is a vulnerable phase often accompanied by lactation problems, particularly ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. These conditions may reduce maternal comfort, inhibit the let-down reflex, and increase the risk of failure in exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, safe, practical, and comprehensive non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed. This Final Nursing Project aims to describe the implementation of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education to improve maternal comfort and enhance breast milk flow in postpartum mothers. This study employed a case study method using a nursing care approach involving two postpartum mothers who experienced ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. The interventions were provided for three days and included cabbage leaf compresses and education on breastfeeding techniques. Evaluation focused on breastfeeding ability, pain level, breast condition, maternal comfort, and milk production. The results showed improvement in breastfeeding ability, indicated by the mothers’ ability to correctly demonstrate proper positioning and latch-on techniques. Infants appeared calmer during feeding, and the duration of breastfeeding increased to approximately 10 minutes per breast. Pain scores decreased from 5 to 0–3, breast tension was reduced, and maternal comfort improved. It can be concluded that the application of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education is effective in improving breast milk flow and maternal comfort in postpartum mothers and can be recommended as an independent nursing intervention in maternity practice.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a common complication in early pregnancy characterized by excessive nausea and vomiting that can negatively affect maternal health and quality of life. Although pharmacological management is widely used, concerns regarding medication safety during pregnancy have increased interest in complementary and non-pharmacological interventions. One such approach is aromatherapy, particularly the use of lavender essential oil, which is known for its calming and antiemetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy in reducing the frequency of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at RSUD Tikep. This research employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 first-trimester pregnant women experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention involved inhalation of lavender aromatherapy administered for a predetermined duration and frequency. The frequency of nausea and vomiting was measured before and after the intervention using observation sheets and self-reported records. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, including descriptive statistics, normality tests, and paired sample t-tests. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean frequency of hyperemesis gravidarum following the administration of lavender aromatherapy. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements. These findings suggest that lavender aromatherapy effectively reduces the frequency of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. In conclusion, lavender aromatherapy is a safe, low-cost, and effective complementary therapy for managing hyperemesis gravidarum. Its integration into routine antenatal care may enhance maternal comfort and support holistic, patient-centered maternity services, particularly in regional healthcare settings.

RS at Kemayoran continues to experience low conversion of antenatal care (ANC) patients to delivery services, with a conversion rate of 6.9% in 2024. The maternity ward Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) also remains below national standards. Preliminary assessments indicate dissatisfaction with the hospital’s healthscape, low mimetic desire reflected in limited recommendations, and suboptimal perceived value. This study examines the effects of healthscape and mimetic desire on childbirth location decisions, with perceived value tested as a mediating variable.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 210 ANC patients at RSUD Kemayoran through structured questionnaires. Variables included healthscape, mimetic desire, perceived value, and delivery location decision. All instruments met validity and reliability criteria.Results: Healthscape and mimetic desire significantly influenced the decision to choose RSUD Kemayoran for childbirth. Healthscape did not significantly affect perceived value, whereas mimetic desire showed a significant effect. Perceived value had a significant direct effect on delivery decisions but did not mediate the relationships between healthscape or mimetic desire and delivery choice. Healthscape emerged as the most influential determinant.Conclusion: Physical healthcare environments play a critical role in childbirth location decisions. Improving healthscape quality and strengthening professional and social recommendations may enhance ANC-to-delivery conversion rates in public hospitals.

The availability of human resources (HR) in hospitals is a key factor in ensuring quality healthcare services. A type C general hospital in Medan faces challenges in terms of limited health personnel in several service units. The Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method by WHO is applied to calculate staffing requirements based on actual workload. This study aimed to analyze the workload and HR needs of a type C general hospital in Medan using the WISN method. A quantitative descriptive study with a WISN approach. Data were obtained from hospital management reports including patient visits, bed occupancy rate (BOR), and staff distribution across main units. Analysis was carried out by calculating available working time, workload standards, allowance standards, and HR needs per unit. The analysis indicated shortages of personnel in several units: inpatient nurses (−20), anesthetists (−2), pharmacists (−1), laboratory analysts (−5), radiographers (−5), and medical records staff (−6). Some units had surplus staff, such as maternity (+8). The type C general hospital in Medan continues to face HR shortages in critical service units. Workload-based HR planning using the WISN method is crucial to support effective recruitment and staff redistribution.

Empowering pregnant women in their third trimester through Respectful Maternity Care-based childbirth preparation counseling is a relevant promotive and preventive strategy for improving maternal health. This counseling not only provides knowledge about the signs of labor, stages of labor, pain management options, and birth planning, but also equips mothers with an understanding of their rights in midwifery care. Childbirth preparation education often focuses solely on clinical aspects and fails to fully address the psychosocial aspects and the rights of mothers as service recipients. This has the potential to lead to an unpleasant childbirth experience and even contribute to disrespect and abuse during labor. This counseling can equip mothers with an understanding of their rights in midwifery care. With an empathetic, participatory, and woman-centered approach, pregnant women are expected to be able to recognize their needs, convey their preferences, and communicate effectively with health workers. The purpose of this counseling is to improve pregnant women's knowledge before and after being empowered in their third trimester through Respectful Maternity Care-based childbirth preparation counseling.

BPJS Health has incurred losses exceeding 200 billion rupiah over a two-year period due to the payment of contributions that were discontinued by participants who had utilized maternity services. Data show that 64.7% of mothers registered as BPJS Health participants only one month prior to childbirth, after which 43% either withdrew their membership or failed to continue paying contributions following delivery. The highest proportion of this behavior was observed among independent participants or non-wage recipients (PBPU). In Jambi Province, the highest level of contribution non-compliance occurs in Jambi City. In 2023, there were 77,489 participants with contribution arrears, resulting in financial losses amounting to 60.1 billion rupiah. Contribution non-compliance is influenced by various factors. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to non-compliance among independent participants in paying BPJS Health contributions after utilizing childbirth services in Jambi City. The findings revealed that 33.3% of independent participants were non-compliant in paying BPJS Health contributions after using maternity services. Significant associations were found between contribution non-compliance and the number of family members (p = 0.001), level of knowledge (p = 0.000), illness perception (p = 0.001), clinical assessment (p = 0.000), and willingness to pay (WTP). Based on these findings, it is recommended that BPJS Health consider implementing a waiting period policy for participants intending to utilize maternity services. In addition, the Jambi City Government should strengthen promotive efforts to educate the public and raise awareness of the importance of health insurance in safeguarding household financial security.  

Labor pain is a significant challenge faced by in-partum mothers, with a prevalence of 70% in Indonesia, and 40% of women reporting severe pain (Central Statistics Agency, 2022). Conventional pharmacological methods often do not provide optimal results and can cause side effects. As a non-pharmacological alternative, oxytocin massage has shown promise in reducing labor pain intensity by stimulating the endogenous production of oxytocin, a natural analgesic hormone. This study aimed to assess the effect of oxytocin massage on labor pain intensity in in-partum mothers at Manado Medical Center Hospital. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach was used. The sample consisted of 30 in-partum mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after a 30-minute oxytocin massage administered by trained health workers. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant reduction in pain intensity from an average of 7.23 (SD=1.08) before the massage to 4.63 (SD=1.11) afterward, with a decrease of 2.6 points. The proportion of mothers experiencing severe pain decreased from 50% to 20%, while mild pain increased from 16.7% to 46.7%. The paired t-test revealed a highly significant difference with t=10.274 (df=29), p=0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, oxytocin massage is an effective non-pharmacological intervention that can significantly reduce labor pain and improve the birth experience. It can be incorporated into standard maternity nursing protocols to enhance maternal care.

Continuity of Care (CoC) is a midwifery care model that provides continuous care from pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and newborn care to family planning services. This approach aims to improve the quality of care, enable early detection of complications, and enhance maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to describe the implementation of Continuity of Care midwifery services for Mrs. D, aged 25 years, at PMB Siti Nur Azizah, Wonoayu, Sidoarjo, East Java.This study employed a descriptive method with a case study approach. The subject was Mrs. D, a primigravida woman who received midwifery care from the first trimester of pregnancy through the postpartum period, newborn care, and family planning services. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examinations, and medical record review.The results showed that throughout pregnancy, both maternal and fetal conditions remained within physiological limits with routine monitoring and adequate health education. Labor occurred spontaneously and normally with the application of respectful maternity care and interventions based on clinical indications. The postpartum period progressed normally with good uterine involution and adequate breast milk production. The newborn demonstrated optimal physiological adaptation and received essential neonatal care. In the family planning phase, Mrs. D chose a three-month injectable contraceptive, which was appropriate for her breastfeeding condition and pregnancy spacing needs.

The employee leave application information system is a digital solution designed to simplify the process of submitting, approving, and managing leave within an institution. This internship project resulted in the development of a system called SiCuti, which was built using the Laravel framework with a MySQL database. The system provides two main roles: employees and administrators/supervisors. Employees can apply for leave according to their entitlements, such as annual leave with a maximum of 12 working days, maternity leave for 3 months, pilgrimage leave (Hajj) which can be taken once during their service period, as well as special leave for important reasons such as marriage or the death of an immediate family member, typically lasting 1–3 days. When applying, employees may also upload supporting documents and monitor the status of their applications through the leave status menu.Administrators or supervisors have broader authority, including reviewing the list of leave requests, approving or rejecting applications, and managing employee leave quotas to ensure compliance with regulations. In addition, administrators can track the complete leave history of employees through an integrated dashboard. This feature supports faster, more transparent, and accountable decision-making processes.The results of local testing indicate that SiCuti has the potential to increase efficiency in administrative leave processes that were previously carried out manually, making them faster, more transparent, and more structured. The interactive dashboard design also facilitates monitoring from both employees and administrators. With the implementation of SiCuti, it is expected that the leave management process can reduce the risk of human error, ensure data accuracy, and support transparency and accountability in human resource management once the system is fully deployed within the institution.

The aim of this research is to describe the social and health movements carried out by Muhammadiyah as one of the leading Islamic organizations in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative methodology with a library approach. The research results show that Muhammadiyah's contribution to the field of social and health services is very large with the birth of various Muhammadiyah Charity Businesses such as hospitals, maternity homes, polyclinics, orphanages, nursing homes, and lazismu.  

BPJS Health experienced losses due to stopped payment of contributions for participants who had utilized delivery services of more than 200 billion in a period of 2 years. It was recorded that 64.7% of mothers who were about to give birth registered as participants a month before giving birth and then stopped (43%) or behaved in adverse selection in payments after delivery. The largest percentage comes from independent participants or Non-Wage Recipient Participants (PBPU). In Jambi Province, non-compliance in paying BPJS Health contributions is highest in Jambi City. It was recorded that 77,489 participants were in arrears in 2021, resulting in losses of 60.1 billion. Non-compliance with paying contributions is adverse selection behavior. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors causing adverse selection behavior among independent participants in paying post-natal JKN contributions in Jambi City.  Quantitative study approach with a cross-sectional design carried out in Jambi City. Respondents totaling 96 people were selected based on accidental sampling technique. The study instrument is a questionnaire. Data analysis consists of univariate analysis stages and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The study results found that as many as 33.3% of independent participants behaved in adverse selection when paying JKN contributions after giving birth. There is a significant relationship between the factors number of family members (p=0.001), knowledge (0.000), perception of illness (p=0.001), clinical assessment (p=0.000), and willingness to pay (WTP) with adverse selection behavior in independent JKN participants postpartum. It is recommended that BPJS Health consider implementing a waiting period method for participants who will utilize maternity services. As well as increasing promotive activities for the Jambi City Government in educating and increasing public awareness about the importance of health insurance in protecting household finances.

The rate of deliveries by cesarean section (CS) continues to increase globally and is projected to reach 29% by 2030. Although CS is medically effective in ensuring maternal and neonatal safety, the procedure often results in moderate to severe postoperative pain, which may hinder early mobilization, slow recovery, and reduce the mother’s overall quality of life. Effective pain management is therefore crucial. Non-pharmacological therapies such as endorphin massage and lavender aromatherapy have been recognized as complementary approaches that stimulate the release of relaxation hormones, provide natural analgesic effects, and help reduce anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the effect of combining endorphin massage and lavender aromatherapy on reducing pain levels in post-cesarean section mothers. A quasi-experimental design with a pre–posttest control group was employed. A total of 34 respondents were selected using purposive sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The study was conducted in the maternity ward of SMC Telogorejo Hospital from March to April 2025. The intervention group received endorphin massage combined with lavender aromatherapy for 10–30 minutes, while the control group was given deep breathing relaxation only. Pain levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques with the Mann–Whitney test. Results showed a p-value of 0.000 and Z = -3.774, indicating a significant effect of the intervention. These findings suggest that endorphin massage combined with lavender aromatherapy is effective in reducing postoperative pain. Further studies with larger samples are recommended to explore the optimal duration and frequency of therapy.

Pregnancy is divided into three stages: the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. During pregnancy, the body undergoes various changes that can cause discomfort. Common discomforts experienced by pregnant women include varicose veins, back pain, muscle and joint aches, and lower back pain. These discomforts can be alleviated through pregnancy exercise (prenatal yoga or maternity gymnastics). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center. The research design used was descriptive quantitative. The population consisted of 35 pregnant women in May 2025, with a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that 36 respondents (50.0%) had moderate knowledge, 25 respondents (34.7%) had poor knowledge, and 11 respondents (15.3%) had good knowledge about pregnancy exercise. Overall, most pregnant women had a moderate level of knowledge. Based on the Spearman Rank statistical test with a 95% confidence level, the P-value was 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center.

Gender equality in the workforce is a fundamental issue closely linked to human rights and sustainable economic development. This study examines the paradox in the implementation of maternity leave rights as part of the legal protection for female workers—where a right intended to provide protection instead becomes a barrier during recruitment processes. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the provisions on maternity leave rights and the principle of legal equality in the workplace, as well as to identify efforts that companies can undertake to protect female workers from discrimination and to promote gender equality. This study employs normative legal research methods with a qualitative approach by analyzing various national and international regulations related to the protection of female workers. Primary data were obtained through an in-depth review of Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, and their implementing regulations, as well as international conventions such as CEDAW and ILO standards. The analysis was carried out using a deductive approach to identify the gap between legal norms and the reality of their implementation in practice.

Danger signs of pregnancy are signs or symptoms indicating that the mother or fetus is in danger. Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy is a factor that influences the high Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score of mothers in labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores for mothers in childbirth in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area. This is a quantitative study using an observational cross-sectional approach. The population and sample were 32 people using total sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analysis used chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the mother's knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores of mothers in labor in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area with a p value = 0.021 < α value = 0.05. It is hoped that health institutions can increase the knowledge of health workers and the community regarding pregnancy danger signs and the HARS score of mothers in labor.

This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the law on menstrual leave and maternity leave rights in the practice of the workplace in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the implementation of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower which provides menstrual leave and maternity leave rights for female workers, and examines the obstacles faced in its implementation in various companies. The results of the study indicate that although the legal framework has clearly regulated these rights, their implementation in the field is still not optimal. The main obstacles found include the lack of understanding and awareness of workers and employers, weak government supervision, and the existence of cultural stigma and discrimination related to menstruation and pregnancy. In addition, several companies still implement policies that are not in accordance with regulations, such as salary deductions or restrictions on leave rights. This study recommends increasing the socialization of regulations, strengthening supervision, and enforcing strict sanctions so that legal protection for menstrual leave and maternity leave rights can be realized fairly and effectively, thereby supporting social justice and the protection of female workers in Indonesia.  

Contraception is used to control population growth and ensure the availability of natural resources, thereby maintaining the quality of human life. Contraceptive methods can be categorized into two types: long-term contraceptive methods (LTCMs), such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, female sterilization (tubal ligation or MOW), and male sterilization (vasectomy or MOP); and short-term contraceptive methods (non-LTCMs), such as condoms, injections, and oral contraceptive pills. The aim of this study is to examine and explain the relationship between spousal support and the role of healthcare workers in the selection of long-term contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in the working area of the Kefa Utara Village Maternity Post, North Central Timor Regency. This research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used accidental sampling with a total of 106 WUS respondents. Data analysis using Chi Square test analysis. The results showed that women of reproductive age who did not get husband's support were higher (57.50%) than those who got husband's support (42.50%). Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between husband's support and the selection of LTCMS (p < 0.05) with an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 2.690. In addition, health workers who played a role in the selection of LTCMS were greater (67.90%) than health workers who did not play a role (32.10%). The Chi Square test results also showed a significant relationship between the role of health workers and the selection of LTCMS (p < 0.05) with an 0R value of 3.733.

A common mental health problem affecting millions of women all around is anxiety before pregnancy and after delivery. Untreated, it might cause early deliveries, reduced birth weights, bad infant bonding, and children's long-term developmental difficulties. Many mothers choose natural cures than from drugs for safety worries relating to their children. Recent research on non-drug approaches to lessen anxiety in pregnant women and new mothers is examined in this review. Focusing on multiple non-drug treatments, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The results indicate that yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction measures practically reduce anxiety. For treating anxiety, non-drug treatments are safe choices that healthcare professionals should integrate into maternal care. More research is needed for consistent methods and long-term studies to support clinical practices.

Aim of the study: The study aimed to investigate the causes, risk factors, and incidence of caesarean sections in Diyala province during the research period. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Al-Batool Maternity Teaching Hospital between October 2023 and December 2023. The study population consisted of 96 women who attended the labor ward for delivery after 32 weeks of gestation, irrespective of the delivery method. Patients' data were collected using an organized questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test for independence between variables.  Results: Study outcomes revealed that the percentage of cesarean sections increased significantly with age, peaking among women aged 20-35 and those over 35 (67.1% and 77.8%, respectively), in contrast to the group under 20, where most deliveries were vaginal (81.8%). An increasing number of previous deliveries (four or more) led to a higher chance of cesarean sections in subsequent pregnancies (76.9% compared to 58.8%) for those with two to four previous deliveries versus those who were primipara (52.6%). The most common indication for elective cesarean sections among participants was a scarred uterus (62.5%), followed by fetal indications such as malposition, abnormal presentation, post-date, and oligohydramnios (15%). The leading reasons for unplanned cesarean sections included obstructed labor (30%), followed by cephalo-pelvic disproportion (20%), and maternal factors (15%). Conclusion: study finding highlight key risk factors influencing delivery methods, suggesting the need for tailored obstetric care to optimize birth outcomes and reduce unnecessary CS procedures.