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World Health Organization (WHO) reports that immunization is able to prevent approximately 3–5 million deaths each year; however, a number of children still do not receive optimal immunization coverage due to insufficient parental knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on improving mothers’ knowledge regarding early childhood immunization in RW 04, Kertamaya Subdistrict, Bogor City, in 2026. This study employed a pre- experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving 30 respondents. Knowledge levels were measured using a questionnaire before and after the health education intervention and analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in mothers’knowledge levels before and after the health education intervention (p = 0.029). In addition, the proportion of respondents with good knowledge increased from 76.7% in the pre-test to 93.3% in the post-test. These findings demonstrate that health education has a significant effect on improving mothers’ knowledge and can serve as an effective promotive intervention to support the success of community-level immunization programs.

Background: Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires special attention to the mother's physiological and psychological aspects. Many pregnant women experience poorly understood physical and emotional changes, lack of early detection of high-risk pregnancies, and lack of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, including physical activity and balanced nutrition. The main problems faced are pregnant women's lack of understanding of normal physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy, lack of knowledge about danger signs and how to detect high-risk pregnancies, low participation of pregnant women in physical activities such as prenatal exercise, lack of knowledge regarding balanced nutrition for pregnant women, and limited comprehensive health education facilities in the community. Objective: This community service activity aims to improve the health of pregnant women by strengthening promotive and preventive pregnancy classes. Methods: This community service activity included screening for high-risk pregnancies, providing materials on physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy, maternal nutrition, and early detection of complications in high-risk pregnancies. A demonstration of prenatal exercise practices was also conducted at the Pondokgebangsari Village Hall, Kuwarasan District, Kebumen Regency. The training, conducted in February 2026, involved 15 pregnant women in their first, second, and third trimesters. Results: This activity demonstrated an increase in mothers' knowledge about physiological, psychological changes, and pregnancy nutrition after education, with 8 receiving good and 7 receiving adequate education. Education on Early Detection and Danger Signs of High-Risk Pregnancy also increased, with 9 receiving good and 6 receiving adequate education. Thus, families are aware of the importance of attending pregnancy classes and see them as essential for a healthy pregnancy. Conclusion: Community service programs to strengthen pregnancy classes through education, high-risk screening, and nutrition counseling support efforts to improve maternal and infant health, and are an investment in the future.

This community service program aims to strengthen the strategic role of Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) as a center for family health education through the innovation of its educational functions. Previously, Posyandu operations in the community tended to be limited to routine basic health services, such as weight monitoring and nutritional status recording, while the crucial aspect of health education remained suboptimal. This limitation has contributed to a lack of public understanding regarding healthy lifestyles and the prevention of chronic diseases or stunting. The methods implemented in this program included problem identification through observation, health socialization and education, specialized training for Posyandu cadres to enhance their communication capacity, and direct mentoring during activity implementation. The results demonstrated a significant increase in family knowledge regarding balanced nutrition and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). Furthermore, Posyandu cadres became more active and skilled in delivering health information communicatively to the community. This program demonstrates that by strengthening its educational function, Posyandu can transform into an effective and sustainable family health learning center, significantly impacting the improvement of community health standards at the frontline level.

Data from the 2020 LFSP (Long Form Population Census) recorded a maternal mortality ratio of 189 per 100,000 live births, while the infant mortality rate was recorded at 16.85 per 1,000 live births. The causes of maternal mortality were hemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, prolonged labor, and miscarriage. Meanwhile, the majority of infant deaths were due to low birth weight, asphyxia, and infection at birth. Stunting remains a particular concern in Tegal City. Various measures have been taken, and the stunting rate has decreased to around 13.8% according to data from early 2025. This PKM is expected to increase public knowledge on caring for pregnant women, women in labor, postpartum women, and newborns, as well as preventing stunting in children, thereby reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. The methods used in this activity include health education and outreach with a promotive and preventive approach, targeting pregnant women and mothers with infants and toddlers. Community service was held on Wednesday, December 17, 2025, from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. at the Boegenvil Health Center in Cabawan Village, Tegal City, with 53 participants. The results of this activity showed an increase in the level of knowledge of the participants, from 11 people with a good level of knowledge to 41 people after receiving counseling, with 3 participants still having a low level of knowledge.

Data from the 2020 LFSP (Long Form Population Census) recorded a maternal mortality ratio of 189 per 100,000 live births, while the infant mortality rate was recorded at 16.85 per 1,000 live births. The causes of maternal mortality were hemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, prolonged labor, and miscarriage. Meanwhile, the majority of infant deaths were due to low birth weight, asphyxia, and infection at birth. Stunting remains a particular concern in Tegal City. Various measures have been taken, and the stunting rate has decreased to around 13.8% according to data from early 2025. This PKM is expected to increase public knowledge on caring for pregnant women, women in labor, postpartum women, and newborns, as well as preventing stunting in children, thereby reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. The methods used in this activity include health education and outreach with a promotive and preventive approach, targeting pregnant women and mothers with infants and toddlers. Community service was held on Wednesday, December 17, 2025, from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. at the Boegenvil Health Center in Cabawan Village, Tegal City, with 53 participants. The results of this activity showed an increase in the level of knowledge of the participants, from 11 people with a good level of knowledge to 41 people after receiving counseling, with 3 participants still having a low level of knowledge.

The health of pregnant and breastfeeding women is a crucial determinant of the quality of future generations, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. However, nutritional problems, such as deficiencies in iron, protein, and essential vitamins, remain prevalent in many regions, especially in rural areas. These conditions may increase the risk of anemia, impaired fetal growth, and reduced maternal and child health outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve the nutritional status as well as the knowledge and awareness of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in Sukorejo Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The program was implemented through the provision of free balanced nutritious meals tailored to the nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, accompanied by health education activities, including counseling sessions and interactive discussions on healthy dietary patterns, food hygiene, and anemia prevention. Program evaluation was conducted through participatory observation and participant feedback. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of balanced nutrition and positive behavioral changes in daily food selection and consumption. This community service initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving maternal and child health and preventing nutritional problems at the village level.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

Umbilical cord infection remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among newborns, particularly in areas where knowledge and health practices are still limited. Padellegan Village is one of the regions where some mothers continue to practice traditional cord care methods, such as using herbal mixtures or non-sterile materials, which increases the risk of omphalitis. Initial situation analysis indicates that 40–60% of postpartum mothers are not yet familiar with the principles of clean and dry cord care (dry cord care), and access to accurate health information is still limited. Based on this condition, education on umbilical cord care is essential to improve mothers’ and health cadres’ understanding and skills in preventing neonatal infections. This community service activity focuses on providing evidence-based education regarding safe cord care techniques, infection risk factors, and danger signs that need to be recognized. Padellegan Village was selected due to the high need for maternal–neonatal health education and the low level of community knowledge related to cord care. This activity is expected to bring positive changes, such as improved maternal behavior in performing proper cord care, reduced use of unhygienic traditional methods, and strengthened roles of health cadres in monitoring neonatal health. Enhancing appropriate cord care practices can reduce the risk of infection in newborns, thereby contributing to improving the overall health status of the community in Padellegan Village.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the indicators of the quality of maternal and child health services in a country. Based on data from the 2024 SDKI (Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey), the maternal mortality rate decreased compared to the previous year, from 4,482 cases in 2023 to 4,150 deaths in 2024, but this figure is still far from the 2030 SDG target. In an effort to reduce maternal mortality, the government's program is the Program for Birth Planning and Complication Prevention (BPCR or P4K in bahasa), which emphasizes community empowerment in monitoring pregnant, delivering, and postpartum mothers. In its implementation, P4K still faces obstacles, one of which is the lack of knowledge among mothers and the community regarding P4K. This also occurs in RW17, Cilendek Barat Village, where many people are still unaware of P4K. Health education interventions about the importance of P4K are one of the activities carried out to increase the knowledge of mothers and the community. Participants are pregnant women, community health workers, and neighborhood association leaders. The success of the activity is measured by assessing participants' knowledge before and after the education is conducted. After education was provided, there was an 84% improvement in participants' knowledge. This activity involved community leaders, so it is hoped that it can increase knowledge and understanding of the importance of P4K.

Balanced Nutrition Education and Strengthening Mothers' Participation in Posyandu Activities to Improve Toddler Nutritional Status Toddler nutrition continues to be a key focus in public health initiatives. Mothers' diet and active use of health services, particularly integrated health posts (Posyandu), are two factors that influence the nutritional status of toddlers. To help improve children's nutritional status, this community service project aims to strengthen mothers' involvement in Posyandu activities and raise their awareness of balanced nutrition. Thirty mothers of toddlers were targeted for this project, which was implemented in the Campalagian Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. Mothers were encouraged to actively participate in Posyandu activities through mentoring and education on balanced nutrition through counseling and interactive conversations. Mothers' attendance at Posyandu activities was monitored, and knowledge gains were measured using pre- and post-tests. The study found that mothers' average knowledge scores increased from 60 to 82, and mothers' attendance at Posyandu activities increased from 65% to 85%. This project demonstrates that balanced nutrition education and strengthening mothers' participation in Posyandu activities are effective in increasing mothers' knowledge and involvement, potentially supporting efforts to improve and prevent nutritional problems in toddlers on a sustainable basis.

Stunting is a serious health problem that affects the physical and cognitive development of children, especially in toddlers aged 0-24 months, with a prevalence that remains high in Indonesia. Community service at the Kapasa Health Centre aims to provide health education to mothers as a strategic step to prevent stunting, using interactive methods and counselling on balanced nutrition and the importance of monitoring child growth. The program has been successful in improving maternal knowledge, with the average score increasing from 34% before the program to 78% after education, demonstrating its effectiveness in changing knowledge of child nutrition. The interactive approach encourages participant engagement, allowing mothers to actively discuss and ask questions, while visual materials reinforce understanding. To effectively combat stunting, education must be complemented by greater knowledge of nutritious foods and by parental monitoring of child growth. Collaboration with local health authorities and community organizations is critical to sustaining these efforts and ensuring that important information reaches more families. Continuous evaluation and adaptive strategies will be essential to expanding the program's reach and effectiveness, ultimately encouraging healthier future generations and contributing significantly to stunting prevention and increased health awareness in the community.

Gross motor development in infancy is a crucial aspect of child growth that requires early and continuous stimulation. Limited maternal knowledge and skills in providing appropriate stimulation may hinder the achievement of infants’ gross motor milestones. This program aimed to empower mothers to stimulate infants’ gross motor development through tummy time and baby yoga at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was applied. The participants were mothers with infants aged 3–12 months. The intervention included health education, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring in performing tummy time and baby yoga. Evaluation was conducted by assessing maternal knowledge and skills before and after the program. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 56.4 ± 8.7 to 85.2 ± 6.9 after the intervention. In addition, the proportion of mothers who were able to correctly perform gross motor stimulation techniques increased from 27.8% to 88.9%. These findings indicate that empowering mothers through education and training in tummy time and baby yoga is effective in improving maternal knowledge and skills and has the potential to support the optimization of infants’ gross motor development.

Perineal wounds are commonly experienced by postpartum mothers after vaginal delivery and may cause pain and increase the risk of infection if not properly managed. Appropriate perineal wound care, including the use of non-pharmacological methods, requires adequate maternal knowledge and skills. This program aimed to improve postpartum mothers’ knowledge and skills in perineal wound care through education on betel leaf compresses at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach was applied through health education combined with demonstrations and hands-on practice. Evaluation was conducted by assessing changes in maternal knowledge and skills and by observational monitoring of perineal wound conditions. The results showed improvements in maternal knowledge and skills in performing perineal wound care using betel leaf compresses. In addition, postpartum mothers reported reduced pain and no signs of infection during the observation period. These findings indicate that education on betel leaf compresses has the potential to serve as an applicable promotive and preventive approach to support accelerated perineal wound healing among postpartum mothers in primary midwifery care setting.

Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) is a community based health center that demonstrates community participation in health development. Posyandu provides a variety of integrated services, including family planning, maternal and child health (MCH), nutrition, immunization, and diarrhea management, all implemented simultaneously. Posyandu is also included in the Community-Based Health Efforts (UKBM) and is part of the Village Public Health Institution's activities. This study aims to analyze factors influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu by toddlers. The research method used was a literature review, examining ten relevant scientific articles. The article search was conducted through Google Scholar and Garuda databases, with the inclusion criteria being Indonesian-language articles published within the last five years (2021–2025). The study results indicate that factors influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu include knowledge, attitudes, education, employment, family support, the role of cadres, and access to health services. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the role of cadres and family support in increasing Posyandu visits.

Sambofuar Village in Samofa District, Biak Numfor Regency, faces various maternal health challenges due to limited access to healthcare services, low socioeconomic conditions, and inadequate capacity of posyandu cadres in supporting pregnant women with high-risk conditions. With a population of 954 people and 228 households, only 64% of pregnant women received antenatal care during the second trimester, while 18% did not undergo any pregnancy check-up. To address these issues, the Student Creativity Program was implemented using a community-based cadre empowerment approach. The program was carried out from October 11 to December 9, 2024, involving five posyandu cadres, most of whom were 50–59 years old, had an elementary school education, and had more than five years of experience. The intensive training provided resulted in a significant increase in knowledge, where pre-test scores ranging from 30–50 improved to 70–90 in the post-test. Mentoring activities at the posyandu also showed that all cadres (100%) were able to perform their duties effectively, including providing health education and independently assisting high-risk pregnant women. This program has contributed positively by improving cadre competency, strengthening maternal health literacy, and potentially reducing the risk of pregnancy complications. Overall, cadre empowerment through training and education has proven effective and should be continued to strengthen the maternal health system in Sambofuar Village.

Posyandu, as a form of community-based health efforts, plays a crucial role in improving maternal and child health. However, its implementation in the Mutiara Community Health Center (Puskesmas Mutiara) in Asahan Regency still faces various challenges, such as low cadre capacity, suboptimal service quality, and limited community participation. This community service activity aims to strengthen cadre capacity through Posyandu revitalization as an effort to improve the quality of basic health services. A total of 63 Posyandu cadres participated in the activities, which were implemented through counseling, education, and coaching using revised service standard guidelines. This program was implemented through four stages: preparation, implementation, analysis of results, and evaluation. Improvement in cadre knowledge was measured using pretests and posttests. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge of cadres, as seen in the change in assessment categories from the majority being in the "poor" category during the pretest to "sufficient" and "good" in the posttest. This indicates that the education and coaching provided were effective in improving cadres' understanding and skills. Increasing cadre capacity is expected to improve the quality of Posyandu services, increase public trust, and support efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality in the Mutiara Community Health Center's work area. Cross-sector collaboration and ongoing mentoring are needed to maintain the sustainability of Posyandu revitalization.

Maternal mental health is an important aspect during pregnancy and postpartum, which has a significant impact on both mother and baby. There are various psychological problem that may occur during pregnancy and the postpartum stage due to the physical and psychological changes that occur. In addition, a woman also adapt as her new role as s new parent. The purpose of this community service is an effort to increase the knowledge of pregnant and postpartum woman to minimize the occurrence of mental health disorders. This community activity method with socialization on mental health education for pregnant women and postpartum was held on May 15, 2023, at the Melati Posyandu Gunungjati Village, this program is aimed at pregnant women in first and third trimesters, the number of participants who attended was 16 people. Assessment of mother’s knowledge about mental health with pre-test and post-test. The result of socialization were analyzed by approaching descriptively, proving that with the educational provisions that have been provided, new knowledge can be added.

Maternal mental health is an important aspect during pregnancy and postpartum, which has a significant impact on both mother and baby. There are various psychological problem that may occur during pregnancy and the postpartum stage due to the physical and psychological changes that occur. In addition, a woman also adapt as her new role as s new parent. The purpose of this community service is an effort to increase the knowledge of pregnant and postpartum woman to minimize the occurrence of mental health disorders. This community activity method with socialization on mental health education for pregnant women and postpartum was held on May 15, 2023, at the Melati Posyandu Gunungjati Village, this program is aimed at pregnant women in first and third trimesters, the number of participants who attended was 16 people. Assessment of mother’s knowledge about mental health with pre-test and post-test. The result of socialization were analyzed by approaching descriptively, proving that with the educational provisions that have been provided, new knowledge can be added.

Maternal and child health is an important indicator of public health development. However, at Posyandu Cendana, Bekasi, the optimal utilization of services remains low. Challenges include limited community knowledge, particularly among mothers, regarding the importance of posyandu services, low awareness of routine check-ups, and insufficient understanding among cadres in delivering clear and accessible health information. To address these issues, this community service program is designed in the form of socialization activities with participatory and educational approaches. The program covers maternal and child health education, practical training on child growth monitoring, the importance of immunization, balanced nutrition, and reproductive health. The stages include problem identification with cadres and posyandu managers, implementation through interactive lectures, group discussions, and field practice, as well as evaluation using pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of community participation. The program involves lecturers, students, posyandu cadres, and local officials to ensure sustainability. The expected outcomes include improved maternal knowledge of posyandu roles and publication of results in mass media and scientific journals.