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The active phase of labor is a crucial stage that determines the progress and success of the delivery process. Prolonged labor during this phase can increase the risk of maternal complications and reduce the comfort of the laboring mother. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to support the physiological progress of labor, including acupressure at the SP6 point and oxytocin massage. This study aims to analyze the differences in the effects of SP6 acupressure and oxytocin massage on the duration of the active phase of labor at the Galala Health Center in the Tidore Islands. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a comparative approach in two intervention groups. The sample consisted of 40 mothers in the first stage of active labor who met the inclusion criteria, with 20 respondents in the SP6 acupressure group and 20 respondents in the oxytocin massage group. The duration of the first stage of labor was calculated from 4 cm cervical dilation to complete 10 cm dilation and recorded using a partograph. Data were analyzed univariately to describe the distribution of labor duration and bivariately using the Mann–Whitney U test to assess the difference between the two groups. The results showed that the median duration of the first stage of labor in the SP6 acupressure group was shorter than in the oxytocin massage group. The Mann–Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between the two intervention groups (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study indicates that SP6 acupressure is more effective than oxytocin massage in shortening the duration of the first stage of active labor. These findings support the use of SP6 acupressure as a safe and effective nonpharmacological intervention in intrapartum midwifery care in primary health care facilities.

Labor pain is a significant challenge faced by in-partum mothers, with a prevalence of 70% in Indonesia, and 40% of women reporting severe pain (Central Statistics Agency, 2022). Conventional pharmacological methods often do not provide optimal results and can cause side effects. As a non-pharmacological alternative, oxytocin massage has shown promise in reducing labor pain intensity by stimulating the endogenous production of oxytocin, a natural analgesic hormone. This study aimed to assess the effect of oxytocin massage on labor pain intensity in in-partum mothers at Manado Medical Center Hospital. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach was used. The sample consisted of 30 in-partum mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after a 30-minute oxytocin massage administered by trained health workers. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant reduction in pain intensity from an average of 7.23 (SD=1.08) before the massage to 4.63 (SD=1.11) afterward, with a decrease of 2.6 points. The proportion of mothers experiencing severe pain decreased from 50% to 20%, while mild pain increased from 16.7% to 46.7%. The paired t-test revealed a highly significant difference with t=10.274 (df=29), p=0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, oxytocin massage is an effective non-pharmacological intervention that can significantly reduce labor pain and improve the birth experience. It can be incorporated into standard maternity nursing protocols to enhance maternal care.

Breast milk production during the postpartum period is a crucial factor in successful breastfeeding and achieving exclusive breastfeeding. However, during the early postpartum period, many postpartum mothers experience difficulties in breast milk production, influenced by physical and psychological conditions. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to help facilitate breast milk production is oxytocin massage, which aims to stimulate the release of the hormone oxytocin and increase the let-down reflex. This study aims to analyze the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers at the Marisa Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers selected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria. Breast milk production was measured before and after the oxytocin massage intervention using a structured observation sheet with units of milliliters (ml). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test, while differences were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed that the average milk output before oxytocin massage was 18.00 ± 5.95 ml, and increased to 51.83 ± 10.94 ml after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of oxytocin massage on increasing breast milk output. It was concluded that oxytocin massage is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers and can be integrated into postpartum care in primary health care services.

Lower back pain is one of the most common discomforts experienced by third-trimester pregnant women due to increased uterine size, postural changes, and musculoskeletal strain. Complementary therapies such as effleurage massage offer a non-pharmacological, safe, and easily applicable technique to reduce pregnancy-related pain. This study aimed to examine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing lower back pain among third-trimester pregnant women at TPMB Lina Contesa. This research employed a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted from October to November 2025 involving 32 third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Effleurage massage was administered for 15–20 minutes on the lower back region following standard midwifery procedures. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The findings showed a significant reduction in lower back pain intensity after the intervention (p < 0.001). The proportion of respondents in the moderate-pain category decreased from 65.6% to 21.9%, while those in the mild-pain category increased from 34.4% to 78.1%. The mean VAS score dropped from 5.81 ± 1.12 before intervention to 2.47 ± 1.03 after effleurage massage. Effleurage massage is effective in reducing lower back pain among third-trimester pregnant women and can be recommended as a complementary therapy in midwifery care to improve maternal comfort.

Early childhood is a critical period for growth and development, characterized by rapid changes in neurological, motor, sensory, and emotional systems. Stimulation during this stage plays a vital role, and non-pharmacological interventions such as massage and aromatherapy may enhance developmental outcomes. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of infant massage combined with aromatherapy. Twenty infants aged 3–12 months who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and assigned to either a control group (infant massage only) or an intervention group (infant massage with aromatherapy). Growth parameters (weight, length, head circumference) and developmental outcomes were measured using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire, covering gross motor, fine motor, language, and personal-social domains. Infants in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in body weight, body length, head circumference, and developmental scores compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the addition of aromatherapy to infant massage provides measurable benefits for both physical growth and developmental progress. Combined infant massage and aromatherapy represent effective non-pharmacological strategies for early stimulation, supporting optimal growth and developmental trajectories in infants.

Bloating in infants can also accompany other digestive disorders, such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. Babies with gas often vomit easily. Babies with diarrhea will have low potassium levels, resulting in bloating. One benefit of infant massage is addressing complaints of bloating and colic in infants. Tummy massage is a gentle abdominal massage designed to encourage trapped air to move. The goal is to move gas and other materials from the intestines to the large intestine. The method used was preparation through coordination with midwives and cadres in Selokerto Village, Sempor District, Kebumen Regency. The activity was implemented through lectures and tummy massage simulations. While evaluation and follow-up plans for the activity were carried out by evaluating the knowledge of mothers of toddlers and can be implemented independently using leaflets distributed to mothers of toddlers. The number of respondents in this activity was 10 mothers of toddlers. The activity went smoothly, all mothers enthusiastically participated in the activity. Respondents were aged between 20-34 years. The level of knowledge of respondents before the activity was that most had sufficient knowledge about bloating/colic in toddlers and tummy massage. Meanwhile, after the knowledge activity, most responded well. Conclusion: The community service activity was effective in increasing respondents' knowledge about gas/colic in toddlers and tummy massage.

Anemia in pregnancy remains a common public health problem and may lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus, highlighting the need for effective and practical interventions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta) consumption on hemoglobin levels among second-trimester pregnant women at UPT Puskesmas Rum Balibunga. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design without a control group was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 second-trimester pregnant women with mild anemia, selected using purposive sampling. The intervention involved daily consumption of cassava leaves for 14 consecutive days. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using standardized examination tools. The results demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin levels following cassava leaf consumption, with a mean increase of 1.2 g/dL. These findings suggest that cassava leaves, which are rich in iron, vitamin C, and protein, can enhance hemoglobin synthesis and serve as a local food-based nutritional intervention. Therefore, cassava leaf consumption can be recommended as an alternative or complementary strategy for preventing and managing anemia among second-trimester pregnant women in primary healthcare settings. 

Background: Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal problem in infants aged 6–12 months, causing discomfort, hard stools, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as abdominal massage, have shown promise in improving bowel function, but evidence regarding the effectiveness of the I Love You massage technique in community settings remains limited. Objective: This study aimed  examine the effectiveness of I Love You massage in reducing constipation among infants aged 6–12 months attending South Bulango Health Center. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. Thirty infants with functional constipation were purposively selected and divided into an intervention group (n=15) receiving daily I Love You massage for 10 minutes over seven days, and control group (n=15) receiving standard care, including dietary guidance and hydration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group differences. Results: The intervention group exhibited a significant increase in bowel movement frequency (2.1 ± 0.7 to 5.6 ± 0.9 per week) and improvement in stool consistency (1.2 ± 0.4 to 2.8 ± 0.5), along with a notable reduction in abdominal discomfort (6.5 ± 1.2 to 2.1 ± 0.8). In contrast, the control group showed minimal improvements. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: I Love You massage is an effective, safe, and low-cost intervention reduce constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Its implementation in primary healthcare settings may enhance gastrointestinal function, relieve discomfort, and promote caregiver-infant interaction.

Oxytocin massage is a technique used to stimulate the release of the hormone oxytocin, which plays a vital role in breastfeeding. Spinal massage stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, which then triggers the release of oxytocin. This hormone causes contractions in the muscle cells surrounding the milk ducts, thereby promoting breast milk production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This study used a quantitative design with a quasi-experimental approach, namely a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population was postpartum mothers with breast milk flow problems at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where researchers selected samples based on certain characteristics. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that the calculated Chi-Square value on the first day (62,000) was greater than the Chi-Square table (12,591), on the second day (54,866 > 23,684), and the third day (58,117 > 32,670). Based on these results, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there was a significant effect of oxytocin massage on the smooth production of breast milk in postpartum mothers at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center.

This study examines postpartum nursing care for mothers undergoing Sectio Caesarea (SC) with the primary nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention in improving breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers. The study was conducted in Mawar Ward, RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, involving four patients experiencing delayed lactation, difficulty in baby latching, and psychological challenges such as anxiety and lack of confidence. The intervention was based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), focusing on observation, therapeutic actions, education, and collaboration with healthcare teams and family members. Oxytocin massage was performed 2–3 times daily, complemented by warm compresses, breastfeeding position training, and emotional support. The results indicated significant improvements: increased breast milk production, better baby latching, reduced maternal anxiety, and higher self-confidence in breastfeeding. This evidence-based approach highlights that comprehensive postpartum nursing care—integrating physical, psychological, and family support—plays a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and overall maternal recovery after SC.

Infancy is a crucial golden period for determining the quality of a child's future growth and development. Infant massage has long been recognized for its numerous benefits for infant growth and development. Various studies have shown that infant massage can increase weight gain, improve sleep quality, strengthen the immune system, and aid digestion. Many parents still lack understanding of infant massage. Some assume that infant massage is only performed on sick babies and is performed by traditional healers or medical personnel skilled in infant massage. The purpose of this community service is to increase mothers' knowledge about infant massage through outreach. The target audience was 22 mothers with babies in Gampong Barat, Nisam District, North Aceh Regency. The implementation method used was lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. The results showed that the majority of mothers' knowledge was in the good category after the outreach. This was due to the mothers' enthusiasm in participating in the outreach. Outreach is an effective method for increasing knowledge. Mothers are expected to continue to improve their knowledge about infant massage by increasing their interest in seeking information, whether through reading books, the media, or other sources.

This study examines postpartum nursing care for mothers undergoing Sectio Caesarea (SC) with the primary nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention in improving breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers. The study was conducted in Mawar Ward, RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, involving four patients experiencing delayed lactation, difficulty in baby latching, and psychological challenges such as anxiety and lack of confidence. The intervention was based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), focusing on observation, therapeutic actions, education, and collaboration with healthcare teams and family members. Oxytocin massage was performed 2–3 times daily, complemented by warm compresses, breastfeeding position training, and emotional support. The results indicated significant improvements: increased breast milk production, better baby latching, reduced maternal anxiety, and higher self-confidence in breastfeeding. This evidence-based approach highlights that comprehensive postpartum nursing care—integrating physical, psychological, and family support—plays a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and overall maternal recovery after SC.

Postpartum anxiety is a psychological problem that often occurs after childbirth and can have a direct impact on decreased breast milk production. Non-pharmacological efforts that can help overcome this are Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy and Endorphin, Oxytocin, and Suggestive Massage Stimulation (SPEOS). This community service activity aims to improve comfort, calmness, and increase breast milk production through the application of a combination of SEFT and SPEOS therapy to postpartum mothers in the Sambau Community Health Center, Batam City. The activity method is carried out through education, demonstrations, and direct practice with postpartum mothers given to 48 postpartum mothers. The results of the activity showed an increase in mothers' knowledge about SEFT and SPEOS relaxation techniques, about managing anxiety, and how to increase breast milk production as obtained from the results of qualitative evaluations through interviews and group discussions. This activity received a positive response from participants and local health workers, and is recommended for routine implementation in community midwifery services.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases experienced by the community and poses a high risk of causing serious complications. Persistently elevated blood pressure can damage vital organs and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of foot reflexology massage to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This research employed a case study approach involving two hypertensive patients at TK II Putri Hijau Hospital Medan. The Nursing care process included assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed a decrease in both systolic and diatolic blod pressure after the foot reflexology intervention. The first patient experienced a reduction in blood pressure from 145/90 mmHg to 130/82 mmHg, while the second patient’s blood pressure from 144/89 mmHg to 128/82 mmHg. The study cocludes that the implementation of foot reflexology massage is proven to be efeective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This therapy is recommended as a complementary intervention in nursing practice to assist in controlling hypertension.

Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the provision of only breast milk to infants for the first six months without additional food or drink, including water. Breast milk has important benefits in improving infant health, growth, and survival. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, including in the Pasar Health Center in Prabumulih City, has not yet reached the national target of 80%. One factor influencing the success of exclusive breastfeeding is husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 49 mothers with infants aged 7–12 months. The study was conducted in the Pasar Health Center in May 2025. The results showed that 28 infants (57.1%) received exclusive breastfeeding, and 30 mothers (61.2%) reported receiving support from their husbands. Statistical tests using the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that husband's support plays an important role in successful breastfeeding. This research suggests that involving husbands in breastfeeding education and support is highly recommended to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Background: Constipation is a common health problem among infants aged 6–12 months, which can lead to discomfort, feeding difficulties, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as the I Love You (ILU) massage, have been suggested to improve bowel regularity and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort in infants. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of ILU massage on reducing constipation in infants aged 6–12 months at the South Bulango Health Center. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was applied. Data on bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and abdominal discomfort were collected before and after the intervention using structured observation sheets and caregiver questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed a significant increase in bowel movement frequency from 2.1 ± 0.8 times per week before the intervention to 4.5 ± 1.0 times per week after the intervention (p = 0.000). Stool consistency improved from a mean Bristol score of 2.0 ± 0.6 to 4.0 ± 0.7 (p = 0.000), and abdominal discomfort decreased from 3.5 ± 1.0 to 1.2 ± 0.8 (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that ILU massage effectively alleviates constipation symptoms in infants. Conclusion: ILU massage is an effective, safe, and non-invasive method to reduce constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Involving caregivers in the intervention enhances its effectiveness and supports parent–child bonding, making it suitable for integration into routine infant care at community health centers.

Hypertension is a major factor contributing to high mortality rates and is often identified as the silent killer. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to help lower blood pressure, such as the use of acupressure, herbal remedies, relaxation breathing exercises, meditation, aromatherapy, and reflexology on the soles of the feet. The focus of this study is to examine the effects of reflexology on the soles of the feet on blood pressure dynamics in individuals with hypertension in Gue Gajah Village, Darul Imarah District. The methodology applied was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design, and the data collection pattern was a single group with pre- and post-treatment measurements (one group pretest-posttest). From a total of 328 hypertensive patients in the area, 15 research participants were purposively selected as samples. The study process took place from May 2 to 28, 2025. The results of the analysis using a paired t-test showed a significant change in blood pressure between before and after the foot reflexology treatment, both in systolic pressure (p-value = 0.000; p < 0.05) and diastolic pressure (p-value = 0.000; p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be stated that foot reflexology massage therapy has an effect on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for health workers to expand the use of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of hypertension and open opportunities for further research with larger sample sizes and designs.

Bell's Palsy is a sudden onset of peripheral facial nerve paralysis that is generally unilateral. This condition is characterized by facial muscle weakness, asymmetry, difficulty closing the eyes, and facial expression disorders. Associated risk factors include exposure to cold temperatures and the habit of chewing ice cubes, which can trigger vasospasm of the blood vessels and inflammation of the facial nerve.  Physiotherapy management is important to accelerate recovery, prevent complications such as synkinesis and contractures, and improve the patient's quality of life. This study aims to describe the implementation of physiotherapy in cases of Bell's Palsy at PKU Muhammadiyah Selogiri Hospital and evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention on the recovery of facial function in patients. A case report was conducted on a 41-year-old female patient diagnosed with right-sided Bell's Palsy. The examination included anamnesis, static and dynamic inspection, palpation, basic movement examination, sensory examination, and assessment using the House-Brackmann Facial Grading System (HBGS). Physiotherapy interventions were given three times a week, including Infra Red (IR), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), light massage, facial exercises (raising eyebrows, closing eyes, blowing, smiling), and education on preventing exposure to cold. Evaluation was performed using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and Ugo Fisch. The implementation of physiotherapy with a combination of IR, TENS, massage, and facial exercises is effective in gradually improving the facial function of patients with Bell's Palsy. Physiotherapy also plays a role in educating patients about the prevention of recurrence related to environmental risk factors and lifestyle.

Trigger finger is a condition where the flexor tendons stiffen from excess pressure, causing pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion when straightening a bent finger. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three weeks of physiotherapy interventions, including TENS, massage, stretching, and strengthening, on patient recovery. One patient with trigger finger disease in the right third digiti was the subject of this case study. The results obtained were a decrease in pain on movement T0: 9 to T2: 6, pain on pressure T0: 8 to T2: 5, an increase in the strength of the right wrist and hand muscles from T0: 3 to T2: 4 and the left part from T0: 4 to T2: 5, and an increase in the range of motion of the metacarpohalangeal joint of the right finger III from T0: S = 30 ̊ - 0 ̊ - 50 ̊ to T2: S = 30 ̊ - 0 ̊ - 60 ̊ and the proximal interphalangeal of the right finger III from T0: S = 0 ̊ - 0 ̊ - 90 ̊ to T2: S = 30 ̊ - 0 ̊ - 105 ̊. Thus, the provision of physiotherapy intervention to patient Mr. S is said to be effective in reducing the condition of the problem experienced.

Background: Stroke is a medical condition characterized by a disruption in blood flow to the brain, most commonly resulting in ischemic stroke, which accounts for 70%–85% of all stroke cases. Prolonged immobility in stroke patients increases the risk of pressure ulcers. Effective prevention strategies Include regular repositioning and meticulous skin care. Effleurage massage, when combined with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), enhances blood circulation and skin hydration, thereby potentially reducing the risk of impaired skin integrity. Objective: To analyze the management of a non-hemorrhagic stroke patient Through the application of Effleurage Massage therapy using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to reduce the risk of skin integrity impairment. Methods: This case study involved a non-hemorrhagic stroke patient who was observed during hospital visits over a three-day period. Effleurage massage using VCO was applied twice daily—once in the morning and once at night. Skin integrity was assessed before and after the intervention using the Braden Scale Results: A decrease in the risk of skin integrity impairment was observed following the intervention, as evidenced by improved Braden Scale scores. Conclusion: Effleurage Massage using Virgin Coconut Oil may serve as an effective complementary therapy to reduce the risk of skin integrity Impairment in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.