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Uterine myoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus commonly found in women of reproductive age and may cause symptoms related to mass effect and hematologic disturbances. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with progressive vaginal pain for 3 months, accompanied by low back pain and impaired daily activities, without vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, fever, or urinary or defecatory symptoms. Laboratory examination revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin level of 4.7 g/dL, while ultrasonography demonstrated a 9.93 × 10.32 cm mass described as symmetric, well circumscribed, and hyperechoic, leading to a working diagnosis of uterine myoma with anemia. The patient was managed with general condition monitoring, intravenous fluids, analgesics, transfusion of four units of packed red cells, and laparotomy as definitive intervention. Following transfusion and surgery, the hemoglobin level increased to 9.4 g/dL and subsequently to 11.0 g/dL, accompanied by improvement in postoperative symptoms and clinical condition. This case demonstrates that a large uterine myoma may present predominantly with pelvic pain and functional impairment in the absence of vaginal bleeding. A comprehensive approach involving systematic evaluation, preoperative correction of anemia, appropriate surgical intervention, and postoperative monitoring is essential to improve safety and clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic pelvic masses.

This case report examines the effectiveness of a combined pulmonary rehabilitation and musculoskeletal physiotherapy program for a 26-year-old male post-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with lumbar tuberculous spondylitis. The patient, who had completed anti-tuberculosis treatment, presented with low back pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and limited mobility. Spirometry indicated severe restrictive ventilatory impairment (FVC 1.28 L, 32% of predicted), and lower extremity muscle strength was reduced (MMT 2-3/5). The patient used a TLSO brace and walking aid. Over a three-week physiotherapy program, the patient participated in breathing exercises, spinal mobilization, muscle strengthening, functional exercises, and education on brace use. Evaluation occurred at the first, second, and third weeks. After treatment, pain intensity decreased from VAS 6 to VAS 3, FVC improved to 1.72 L, chest expansion increased, muscle strength improved to MMT 4/5, and performance on the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test showed progress. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score increased from 98 to 115, reflecting improved functional independence. These findings suggest that the combination of pulmonary and musculoskeletal physiotherapy effectively improved respiratory function, muscle strength, and the patient’s overall functional capacity.

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, as a result of various physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Changes in posture, weight gain, and shifts in the center of gravity contribute to the development of this condition. This study aims to examine various non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to reduce low back pain in pregnant women and to analyze the role of midwives in implementing these interventions in midwifery practice. The method employed is a narrative literature review synthesizing ten verified and relevant studies, particularly those discussing prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise as forms of non-pharmacological intervention. The results indicate that the implementation of prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise is effective in reducing the intensity of low back pain, improving muscle flexibility and strength, and providing physical and psychological relaxation for pregnant women. In addition, these interventions contribute to increased comfort and improved quality of life during pregnancy. The findings of this study support the importance of evidence-based midwifery practice and highlight the active role of midwives in providing education, assistance, and empowerment for pregnant women through the application of safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints globally and is the main cause of decreased work productivity. One of the risk factors that has been widely studied in the literature is prolonged sitting duration. Prolonged sitting activities cause increased static pressure on the lumbar spine, fatigue of the supporting muscles, as well as a decrease in local blood flow that can trigger chronic pain. This study is a literature review with a meta-analytical approach that aims to analyze the relationship between long-term sitting and the incidence of LBP. The review process was carried out following PRISMA guidelines through searches on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publication in 2020–2025. Of the 20 previous studies analyzed, most showed a positive association between sitting time and an increased risk of LBP, both in adults, adolescents, and children. Sitting for more than 6 hours per day increases the risk of LBP by 33%, especially in individuals with low physical activity. In addition, longer sitting durations with poor posture and minimal active rest were found in the group of office workers and professional drivers who had a high prevalence of LBP. Physical activity has been shown to play a protective role against the risk of LBP, while ergonomic interventions such as lumbar support can reduce pain complaints. Although most studies were observational, the consistency of results supports the importance of prevention through reduced sitting time, increased physical activity, and ergonomic work environment settings. These findings provide a scientific basis for multidimensional interventions to effectively reduce the incidence of LBP.  

Low back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women in the second and third trimesters due to biomechanical and hormonal changes. Non-pharmacological interventions like prenatal exercise are believed to be effective, though evidence from controlled trials is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal exercise in reducing low back pain intensity. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used with 30 pregnant women (15 in the intervention group, 15 in the control group), selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were gestational age of 20–36 weeks, no medical contraindications, and willingness to participate. The intervention group performed prenatal exercises twice a week for 8 weeks (45 minutes per session), while the control group received health education without physical exercise. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data analysis was conducted using paired t-test, independent t-test/Mann–Whitney, and ANCOVA to control for age, parity, and BMI. Both groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). The intervention group’s pain score decreased from 6.9 ± 1.1 to 3.6 ± 1.0 (Δ = -3.3; p < 0.001), while the control group’s pain score decreased from 6.8 ± 1.2 to 6.3 ± 1.1 (Δ = -0.5; p = 0.09). The difference in pain reduction between groups was significant (p < 0.001). ANCOVA confirmed that prenatal exercise was significantly effective after adjusting for confounders (β = -2.8; p < 0.001). Prenatal exercise is an effective, safe, and affordable intervention for reducing low back pain in pregnant women.

The rapid development of the digital era has led to a major shift in the modern workplace, with over 1.5 billion people spending more than six hours daily in front of computer screens. This working condition poses significant occupational health risks, including Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) such as Low Back Pain (LBP) and neck strain, with a global prevalence of 60-80%. Furthermore, prolonged screen exposure and high workload contribute to mental health issues like chronic stress and digital fatigue. This community service aimed to increase awareness among PT. XYZ employees regarding the importance of integrated ergonomics to achieve optimal productivity. The method used was an informative sharing session through a presentation and discussion. The material emphasized a three-pronged intervention approach: physical ergonomics (workstation adjustment), technology-based interventions (wearable devices, break reminder apps, and electromagnetic radiation prevention), and mental well-being integration (mindfulness and relaxation techniques). The results showed a significant increase in participant understanding of the health risks and the practical steps to implement integrated ergonomic solutions. It was found that combining technology-based reminders and mindfulness exercises can reduce health complaints by up to 40% better than physical interventions alone. The implication of this service is the recommendation for PT. XYZ to adopt an integrated ergonomic policy that addresses physical, technological, and mental aspects to create a healthier, safer, and more productive work environment for its employees.

Low back pain is a discomforting condition that can cause various disorders and potentially disrupt a person's quality of life, such as causing decreased work productivity. Therefore, it is important for the community, especially farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet, Ngawi Regency. To improve understanding of low back pain, efforts are needed to expand farmers' knowledge regarding this condition, including its definition, prevention, and treatment in Bulakrejo Hamlet. The method applied was providing physiotherapy education through health promotion about low back pain using leaflets as a medium for information delivery. A question and answer session was also conducted to measure the level of understanding of farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet and provide exercises that can address problems of weakness, stiffness, limitations and pain in the back muscles. The activity ran smoothly and the material was easily understood by farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet. Evaluation results showed an increase in farmers' knowledge, from 40% to 90%. The extension activity proved effective in increasing farmers' understanding of low back pain cases.

In order to guarantee the best possible maternal health and fetal growth throughout pregnancy, complementary services for expectant mothers are required. These services include nutrition, mental health, and supplementary medical treatment. According to data, 70% of pregnant women have low back discomfort. According to a different poll, eight out of ten third-trimester pregnant women report having back pain. Doing Childpose (Balasana) exercises is one more way to lessen this problem. This study sought to ascertain if Childpose (Balasana) exercises were beneficial in lowering low back pain complaints among pregnant women in their third trimester at the South Bolango City Health Center. This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest approach with a sample of 34 pregnant women in the third trimester. There were twenty participants in the study's sample. Childpose or balasana exercises are beneficial in relieving back discomfort in third trimester pregnant women at the South Bolango Health Center, according to the data, which indicated a P-value of 0.000 <0.05.

A safe and healthy environment is crucial to minimizing accidents and occupational diseases, and this is where Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) comes in. Workers in the informal sector, such as online drivers, are more likely to experience musculoskeletal problems, especially low back pain (LBP), because they frequently lack proper occupational protection and health services. LBP is a complaint of lower back pain that can be brought on by extended periods of static sitting, bad posture, and personal characteristics like body mass index, smoking, and length of service. The purpose of this program is to educate online drivers in Malang City, East Java, and help them avoid LBP. The risk of LBP can be decreased in part by promoting physical activity and education. One recommended intervention is the William Flexion Exercise (WFE), an exercise aimed at improving posture, increasing muscle strength and flexibility, and reducing lower back pain. Implementing WFE education and training for online car drivers is anticipated to strengthen OHS awareness and reduce the incidence of LBP among informal sector workers.

Low Back Pain (LBP) is often caused by spondylolisthesis, which causes pain, limited mobility, and disability. Conservative physiotherapy is the primary option to reduce symptoms and improve function. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal physiotherapy interventions in patients with LBP and spondylolisthesis. A case report study was conducted on a 59-year-old female patient diagnosed with LBP and spondylolisthesis. The patient underwent three physiotherapy intervention sessions: Infrared (IR), Short-Wave Diathermy (SWD), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), William Flexion Exercise, Core Stability, and Strengthening. Evaluation was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, a goniometer for joint range of motion (LGS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for muscle strength, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for function. The results of the therapy showed a significant reduction in pain, namely silent pain from a score of 5 to 1 and pain on movement from a score of 6 to 3. Lumbar ROM increased with flexion from 70 degrees to 85 degrees. Lumbar muscle strength also improved, flexors from a score of 4 to 5 and extensors from a score of 3 to 5. ODI decreased from 55.5% (severe disability category) to 12% (minimal disability category). Multimodal physiotherapy interventions have been proven effective in reducing pain, improving LGS, muscle strength, and function in patients with LBP et causa spondylolisthesis.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and significantly impacts functional activities and patients’ quality of life. Non-pharmacological approaches such as hydrotherapy and William flexion exercise are widely used to reduce pain. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of combining hydrotherapy and William flexion exercise on reducing pain in patients with myogenic low back pain. Methods: This research applied a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 20 respondents aged 40–60 years who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention was conducted over 12 sessions within one month at Biara OSF Magdalena Daemen BSB. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-Test. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in pain levels. The mean pretest score of 43.36 increased to 79.45 in the posttest with a difference of 36.09 points. Statistical testing showed p = 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating that the combination of hydrotherapy and William flexion exercise had a significant effect on reducing low back pain. Hydrotherapy contributed to muscle relaxation and improved circulation, while William flexion exercise strengthened lumbar flexor muscles. Conclusion: The combination of hydrotherapy and William flexion exercise is effective in reducing myogenic low back pain. This approach can be considered a safe, applicable, and beneficial non-pharmacological rehabilitation strategy to improve patients’ quality of life.

This community service program was implemented to address the needs of farmers in Kalicaah Village, Tanjung Jaya Village, Panimbang District, for an affordable, simple, and user-friendly fertilizing tool. Traditionally, the application of solid fertilizer has been done manually, which not only leads to inefficiency but also significantly increases the physical workload of farmers. To overcome this issue, the program team designed a solid fertilizer spreader using appropriate technology, constructed from recycled materials such as PVC pipes and used water gallons. This innovation was aimed at creating a sustainable, low-cost solution for the local agricultural community. The program’s implementation involved several key activities, including identifying the farmers' challenges, conducting assembly training sessions, demonstrating the tool’s use, and running direct field trials in local farms. The results showed that the use of the newly developed fertilizer spreader led to a 45% reduction in the time spent applying fertilizer, which directly contributed to more efficient farming practices. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in physical complaints, particularly lower back pain, which had been a common issue due to the manual labor involved in fertilizing. The tool proved to be easy to construct, requiring minimal technical knowledge, and the farmers were able to adopt the technology independently. The high rate of adoption among farmers further emphasizes the tool’s potential for widespread use. The success of this program also suggests that this simple, affordable technology could be replicated in other agricultural regions, benefiting more communities by improving work efficiency, reducing physical strain, and fostering a sustainable approach to farming practices.

Low back pain, also known as low back pain, is a common condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the lower back area, which is between the lower ribs and the buttock folds. This condition can be mild to severe, and can be temporary or chronic. One of the nonpharmacological methods that is often used to reduce the intensity of pain is ice packs. Ice packs are able to provide an analgesic effect by lowering local blood flow and reducing inflammation in the area experiencing pain. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ice packs in reducing low back pain in office administration employees. The research design uses an experimental method with a one group pre-test–post-test design approach. The research sample consisted of 25 respondents who were administrative employees at the Helvetia Health Institute. Pain intensity measurements were taken before and after the administration of ice packs to determine the effect of this therapy on low back pain. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of low back pain with an average value before treatment of 51.63 and after treatment decreasing to 38.8. Statistical analysis yielded a significance value (p) of 0.004 < 0.05, which showed that ice packs had a significant effect on reducing low back pain in administrative employees. Regular application of ice packs can be a simple, safe, and effective intervention that can be done independently at home by employees to reduce pain. This study provides recommendations for health workers to promote ice pack therapy as a non-pharmacological pain relief method, especially for office workers who often experience low back pain due to static work positions.

Sewing workers at CV Cahaya Setia Mulia Abadi perform static and repetitive tasks, such as prolonged sitting in a bent posture and continuous sewing movements. These conditions lead to various physical complaints, including back pain (78%), lower neck pain (75%), upper neck discomfort (73%), as well as shoulder fatigue, wrist tingling, and lower back stiffness. This research is conducted to evaluate the potential risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through the application of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, determine the body parts most frequently affected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, and develop posture correction strategies based on anthropometric measurements.The REBA results indicate that most sewing activities fall into the medium-risk category (score 5–7), with some in the high-risk category (score 8). The intervention involved adjusting chair dimensions based on anthropometry, and adding seat cushions and backrests. After the simulation of improvements, the REBA score decreased to 2, placing it in the low-risk category. These findings demonstrate that ergonomic chair design and proper working posture significantly reduce physical strain, increase comfort, and help maintain worker productivity. This study offers practical recommendations for creating a healthier and safer work environment in the manufacturing sector.

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems experienced by people in various age groups and work backgrounds. This complaint can be acute, subacute, or chronic, with various causes ranging from mechanical, degenerative, to psychosocial factors. This study aims to examine the characteristics of LBP through a literature review of several previous studies that focus on prevalence, risk factors, and their impact on patients' daily lives. The method used is a narrative literature review, with data sources coming from national and international journals, research reports, and academic repositories. The results of the study show that the prevalence of LBP is very high, with a significant percentage of occurrence in the elderly, pregnant women, administrative workers, and individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and non-ergonomic work posture. In addition to age, female gender, non-ideal body mass index, and long work duration, it was also found that psychosocial characteristics such as low social support and high work pressure play a role in triggering or worsening LBP. A study at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar showed that most LBP patients were elderly women with acute pain and radiological results showed lumbar spondylosis as the most common diagnosis. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of prevention through ergonomic education, work stress management, and early intervention based on a healthy lifestyle. These findings are expected to be the basis for designing promotive and preventive strategies for high-risk groups.

Work in the informal sector, such as weaving, has high health risks due to the repetitive nature and static positions required. Weavers often experience Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) due to sitting too long in front of the loom for about 8 hours. This condition causes muscle contractions in the shoulders and neck, reduces blood flow, and causes pain and fatigue. A study of two sarong weaving industries in Dalangan Village found that 70% of 10 workers complained of low back pain. Many workers work with non-ergonomic positions and inappropriate equipment. Improvements in work attitudes are needed so that workers' health and productivity are maintained. This study aims to determine the relationship between work attitudes and MSDs disorders in the central craftsmen of the weaving industry. This research is a quantitative study using observational analysis method with cross sectional approach. The population was 35 from 4 locations with a sample of 35 respondents taken using total sampling technique. Assessment for work attitudes using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) experienced using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed no significant relationship between work attitudes and musculoskeletal complaints with a p-value = 0.261 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.195 which is included in a weak correlation with a positive direction. The study shows there is no significant relationship between work attitude and musculoskeletal disorders in weaving industry workers. Routine ergonomics education is recommended to prevent complaints and maintain sustainable occupational health.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common progressive musculoskeletal disorder among adolescents, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine with an unknown cause. This condition often results in postural asymmetry, chronic low back pain, and reduced mobility. This case report involves a 17-year-old female high school student diagnosed with AIS, presenting with lower back pain and functional limitations. The physiotherapy intervention included three sessions over two weeks, utilizing Microwave Diathermy (MWD) as a physical modality, along with Schroth method and strengthening exercises. The outcomes demonstrated a reduction in pain intensity, improved muscle strength, increased spinal mobility, and enhanced thoracic expansion. Additionally, the patient showed an improvement in quality of life as measured by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. These findings suggest that structured conservative physiotherapy, combining physical modalities and specific exercises, is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, improving postural awareness, and supporting the functional well-being of AIS patients. This case highlights the importance of early and consistent physiotherapeutic intervention to manage symptoms and potentially slow curve progression.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems experienced by workers, especially those in professions that require prolonged static sitting, such as public transportation drivers. This condition not only impacts work productivity but can also disrupt daily activities and increase the risk of chronic health problems. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the incidence of LBP in public transportation drivers on the Latuhalat route at Mardika Terminal, Ambon City. The study design used an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 96 public transportation drivers, and 51 were selected as samples through a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study included driving position, driving duration, age, and length of service, while the dependent variable was low back pain. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets, then analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that all independent variables, namely driving position, driving duration, age, and length of service, had a significant relationship with the incidence of LBP (p < 0.05). Thus, ergonomic factors and workload significantly contribute to the occurrence of NPB in public transportation drivers. Therefore, ergonomic interventions, proportional work hour arrangements, and the implementation of occupational health programs are important steps in reducing the risk of NPB in drivers.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints, causing pain, swelling, and limited movement. Heat therapy is one of the effective methods to relieve RA symptoms because it can improve blood circulation, relax muscles, and reduce joint stiffness. This study designed and analyzed an Arduino IDE-based rheumatic therapy device with two main features: a waist heater using a DC Heater and a back electrostimulator through the L298N module. The device has three operating modes (Low, Medium, High) that regulate the pulse delay to adjust the patient's comfort. An input temperature of 50°C is programmed to provide optimal warmth. The measurement results showed that the output voltage of the power supply was 4.51 V with an error of 9%, the microcontroller input was 4.98 V with an error of 0.4%, the output of the L298N driver was 23.9 V, and the input of the DC Heater was 4.98 V with an error of 0.4%. All values are within safe tolerance limits. The 15- and 25-minute temperature stability tests show a small difference between the temperature of the appliance and the thermocouple, indicating stable and accurate appliance performance. Based on the results of technical analysis and temperature testing, this rheumatic therapy tool is considered suitable for use as an alternative to non-pharmacological therapy for RA patients.