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Tanah merupakan sumber daya penting bagi manusia, dan memiliki peranan penting bagi kelangsungan hidup bangsa Indonesia. Manusia membutuhkan tanah tidak hanya untuk kegiatan sehari - hari tetapi juga untuk kebutuhan setelah kematian. Konsep tanah dijelaskan dalam Pasal 4 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria, yang menyatakan “Berdasarkan atas dasar hak menguasai dari negara, sebagai yang dimaksud dalam pasal 2 ditentukan adanya macam-macam hak atas permikaan bumi, yang dapat diberikan kepada dan dipunyai oleh orang-orang baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama orang lain serta badan hukum.” Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yuridis dan bergantung pada sumber literatur seperti buku, artikel, jurnal, dan putusan pengadilan yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa lahan dapat dilakukan melalui dua jalur, yaitu jalur litigasi dan jalur nonlitigasi. Penyelesaian melalui litigasi dilakukan di Pengadilan, sementara jalur non-litigasi dapat melalui konsultasi, negosiasi, konsiliasi, mediasi, dan arbitrase.

Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa seringkali kreditor melakukan lelang eksekusi tanpa melalui prosedur yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga menimbulkan sengketa. Rumusan masalah adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan sesuai prosedur? 2) Apa yang menjadi pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi Perkara Nomor 13/Pdt.Plw/2016/PN.Bkt? 3) Upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan yang telah dibatalkan? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif (normative legal research). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif terhadap data sekunder sebagai data utama dan data primer sebagai data pendukung. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan sesuai prosedur mengacu pada ketentuan Pasal 6 dan Pasal 20 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan atas Tanah Beserta Benda-Benda yang Berkaitan dengan Tanah. Pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim pada putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi Perkara Nomor 13/Pdt.Plw/2016/PN.Bkt terhadap Petitum ke-5 (lima) dari gugatan Para Pelawan, Pengumuman Kedua Eksekusi Kedua Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan tertanggal  14 April 2016 hanya diumumkan dalam 1  (satu) surat kabar bertentangan dengan Pasal 20 ayat (3) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan Atas Tanah Beserta Benda-Benda Yang Berkaitan Dengan Tanah Upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi hak tanggungan, yaitu upaya hukum yang bersifat non litigasi (persuasif) dan upaya hukum yang bersifat litigasi (represif).

Article 1 point 10 of Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning alternative dispute resolution, is a form of dispute resolution outside the court, including mediation. Alternative dispute resolution, the parties are assisted by a third party in resolving the dispute with a mediator. The alternative dispute resolution law provides a variety of non-litigation dispute resolution options. It should be emphasized that the option of dispute resolution with alternative dispute resolution is limited to disputes in the civil field. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of mediation through online dispute resolution in Indonesian laws and regulations as well as to find out the obstacles and challenges in the implementation of online dispute resolution mediation in an effort to resolve disputes in a non-litigation manner. The research method used is using the empirical juridical approach method, the research specification used in this study is descriptive analytical. The type of data in this study uses qualitative data while the data source uses primary data, namely interviews, observations, and secondary data, namely by studying the provisions of laws and regulations, other regulations, researching principles, conceptions, views, doctrines, and legal rules through books, journals, papers, and research results, the results of data analysis to answer problem issues. Conclusion The application of mediation through Online Dispute Resoution in laws and regulations in Indonesia is regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Article 5 paragraph (3) of PERMA Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. The obstacles to the implementation of Online Dispute Resolution depend on the good faith of the parties and the equipment used. Mediation is difficult to reach an agreement if the parties do not provide information clearly and transparently, and are constrained by the equipment used. 

Indonesia is an archipelago with diverse languages, ethnicities, religions and cultural tribes. Although there are many differences, Indonesian citizens always uphold kinship, tolerance and harmony in their environment.  This is in accordance with the motto of the Indonesian nation, namely “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” which describes the diversity of the Indonesian nation, but still one. In dispute resolution, in addition to legal channels, another form of dispute resolution in the form of alternative out-of-court settlements, which is often used by the Indonesian people, is the concept of mediation. One example of its application is in Jarin Village, Pamekasan, which resolves disputes through a negotiation process to obtain a peaceful agreement. The parties to the dispute are assisted by mediators, who are played by the village government and community leaders who are respected by the community. The form of research method used is Empirical. The research data comes from field samples that will be analyzed in a qualitative description. The results of the research are used to determine how effective mediation is in resolving disputes non-litigatively or without legal and/or judicial channels.

Dalam perjanjian kredit bank, debitur yang tidak melakukan kewajibannya dianggap melakukan wanprestasi. Penyelesaian wanprestasi dapat dilakukan dengan penundaan pembayaran, penjadwalan kembali, persyaratan kembali, atau penataan kembali. Pada kenyataannya, yang terjadi adalah bank mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan, akan tetapi oleh pengadilan diarahkan ke mediasi melalui akta perdamaian. Permasalahan. 1) Bagaimana Proses Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank ? 2) Faktor Apa yang Menjadi Hambatan dalam Pelaksanaan Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank ? 3) Bagaimana Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Padang Nomor 14/Pdt. G.S/ 2020/PN.Pdg dan Putusan Pengadilan Negri Meureudu Nomor 4/Pdt.G.S/2020/PN.Mrn? Metode penelitian yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis dan sumber data sekunder melalui pengumpulan data dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian 1) Proses penyelesaian wanprestasi dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi. 2) Hambatan dalam pelaksanaan penyelesaian wanprestasi debitur melalui akta perdamaian dalam perjanjian kredit bank dapat muncul dari pihak bank, selaku kreditur (intermal) ataupun pihak nasabah, selaku debitur (eksternal). 3) Akta perdamaian Nomor 14/Pdt. G.S/ 2020/PN.Pdg berisi mengenai kesepakatan pengembalian hutang tergugat kepada penggugat dengan cara memindahkan gajinya ke bank X Cabang Padang, sedangkan Akta Perdamaian Nomor 4/Pdt.G.S/2020/PN.Mrn berisi mengenai kesepakatan pengembalian hutang tergugat kepada penggugat dengan cara membayar sebagian secara tunai dan sisanya dicicil setiap bulan selama 24bulan. Akta Perdamaian memiliki kekuatan sama seperti putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, dan terhadapnya tidak dapat diajukan banding atau kasasi. Karena telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, akta perdamaian memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial.

Problematic financing is an unavoidable risk for banks in providing financial services. This situation can occur when the debtor fails to fulfill his obligations to the bank, either due to business failure or deliberately not paying financing obligations according to the agreement due to the debtor's bad character. This research aims to identify the factors and impacts of problematic financing in sharia banking, the resolution mechanism, as well as the regulation and relevance of sharia economic law in resolving these problems. The method used is normative juridical (legal research) which focuses on studying the application of applicable positive legal rules or norms and is related to the substance of the research. The research results show that problematic financing factors originate from internal factors (managerial errors) and external factors (debtor errors). Resolving problematic financing can be done through alternative dispute resolution or litigation (resolved by the court). Meanwhile, sharia economic law regulations regarding the resolution of problematic financing can be carried out by means of tahkim, through qadhi, or resolved by means of al-ishlah.

This research aims to examine the problems, First see whether the implementation of non-litigation adjudication decisions on public information disputes in Central Java Province has been implemented.Second,what are the obstacles and efforts made in fulfilling the right to information in order to achieve the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Article 28F. This research is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. Types and sources of data include primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used was interviews with the Commissioner of the Central Information Commission and the Assistant Commissioner of the Central Java Province Information Commission, then the data analysis technique used was qualitative. The research results show thatFirst,non-litigation adjudication decisions have not been implemented due to several factors, namely the weakness of the trial procedural law regulated in the Information Commission Regulation (PERKI), the absence of authority given to the Information Commission in overseeing decisions, and the independence of the Information Commission which is still very dependent on each commissioner. The obstacles that exist at the Central Java KIP in implementing non-litigation adjudication decisions, namely the legal substance related to the weakness of the PERKI as well as the urgency of revising the KIP Law in safeguarding community dynamism, the legal structure related to the limited budget owned by the Central Java KIP and the limited number of Information Commission employees who do not followed by an increase in quality, as well as community culture regarding the number of applicants who are not serious.