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This study examines the comparison between litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in resolving business conflicts in Indonesia. The increasingly complex nature of business activities has led to a variety of conflicts, such as breach of contract, share ownership disputes, and payment issues, which require efficient resolution methods that provide legal certainty. This study aims to explore the characteristics, procedures, advantages, and disadvantages of dispute resolution through litigation and ADR, which include negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration. The method applied is normative juridical, drawing on legislation, legal doctrine, and relevant literature. The research findings indicate that litigation offers stronger legal certainty through binding court decisions and organized procedures, but is often time-consuming, expensive, and produces win-lose outcomes. On the other hand, ADR offers flexibility, confidentiality, efficiency, and the opportunity to reach mutually beneficial solutions, although in some situations it requires court confirmation for enforcement. Therefore, the choice of dispute resolution method needs to be adjusted to the nature of the conflict, the relationship between the parties, and the need for legal certainty.

The changes to the provisions on evidence in the new Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) mark a significant shift in the evidentiary system under Indonesian criminal procedure. The expansion of evidence to include physical evidence as valid evidence, the explicit recognition of electronic evidence, judicial observation, and other evidence as long as it is legally obtained, alters the evidentiary system, which previously relied on classical categories. This situation raises questions about how these changes affect the evidentiary system and the dynamics of criminal litigation in court, particularly regarding the role of judges, the strategies of the parties, and the protection of the defendant's rights. This study aims to analyze the changes in the evidentiary system resulting from the addition of evidence in the new KUHAP and its impact on criminal litigation practices. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications through a literature review of relevant laws and legal literature. The analysis shows that the expansion of evidence increases the complexity of the evidence, strengthens the role of judges in assessing the legality and authentication of evidence, and encourages a shift in the litigation strategies of prosecutors and advocates. The addition of evidence has the potential to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement, but also raises the risk of legal uncertainty and human rights violations if not supported by adequate technical guidelines and oversight mechanisms.

Aktivitas ekonomi mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan transaksi antara entitas ekonomi, yang terkadang menyebabkan sengketa. Dalam konteks ekonomi syariah, sengketa muncul karena perselisihan antara pelaku ekonomi yang berbisnis berdasarkan hukum ekonomi syariah terkait hak atau kepentingan. Sengketa ini bisa diputus dengan instrumen hukum yang berbagai, baik litigasi di pengadilan agama maupun metode non-litigasi seperti negosiasi, mediasi, dan konsiliasi. Penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan agama bertujuan agar terjaminlah keadilan dan keteguhan hukum sesuai prinsip syariah. Namun, dengan semakin meningkatnya tuntutan keadilan, penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan relatif lama dan kurang efektif, maka alternatif penyelesaian di luar pengadilan semakin relevan. Negosiasi sebagai salah satu proses tawar-menawar dalam sengketa ekonomi syariah sangat memfokuskan pada persiapan dan komunikasi efektif kedua belah pihak. Salah satu penyebab sengketa ekonomi pada ekonomi syariah adalah wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli, terutama transaksi tanah. Oleh karena itu, regulasi ekonomi syariah yang mengatur prinsip keadilan dan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban sangatlah perlu untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut secara adil dan damai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali penerapan regulasi ekonomi syariah dalam penyelesaian sengketa wanprestasi, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan sengketa tanah, dengan mengidentifikasi metode penyelesaian sengketa yang sesuai dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan mengenai relevansi dan penerapan hukum Islam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah, serta menyoroti pentingnya penyelesaian sengketa melalui metode yang mengedepankan keadilan dan perdamaian.

Non-litigation legal assistance in land dispute resolution is carried out by the Ansor Legal Aid Institute (LBH Ansor). This assistance is crucial considering the complexity of land law and the high demand of the community, especially vulnerable groups, for access to fast, efficient, and low-cost conflict resolution. This research is driven by the low public understanding of non-litigation mechanisms and the challenges in realizing proportional access to justice. The main objective is to comprehensively document the assistance procedures and identify the applied advocacy model. This research method uses a normative legal approach with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study describe that LBH Ansor plays a strategic role as a mediator and legal facilitator, which includes initial case assessment, preparation of a mediation framework, and assistance in negotiations between the disputing parties. The main findings show that LBH Ansor's non-litigation assistance practices have successfully increased the effectiveness of land dispute resolution by prioritizing the principles of restorative justice and peace agreements, while also providing a replicable model for increasing access to justice outside the courts.

Tanah merupakan sumber daya penting bagi manusia, dan memiliki peranan penting bagi kelangsungan hidup bangsa Indonesia. Manusia membutuhkan tanah tidak hanya untuk kegiatan sehari - hari tetapi juga untuk kebutuhan setelah kematian. Konsep tanah dijelaskan dalam Pasal 4 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria, yang menyatakan “Berdasarkan atas dasar hak menguasai dari negara, sebagai yang dimaksud dalam pasal 2 ditentukan adanya macam-macam hak atas permikaan bumi, yang dapat diberikan kepada dan dipunyai oleh orang-orang baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama orang lain serta badan hukum.” Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yuridis dan bergantung pada sumber literatur seperti buku, artikel, jurnal, dan putusan pengadilan yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa lahan dapat dilakukan melalui dua jalur, yaitu jalur litigasi dan jalur nonlitigasi. Penyelesaian melalui litigasi dilakukan di Pengadilan, sementara jalur non-litigasi dapat melalui konsultasi, negosiasi, konsiliasi, mediasi, dan arbitrase.

Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa seringkali kreditor melakukan lelang eksekusi tanpa melalui prosedur yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga menimbulkan sengketa. Rumusan masalah adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan sesuai prosedur? 2) Apa yang menjadi pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi Perkara Nomor 13/Pdt.Plw/2016/PN.Bkt? 3) Upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan yang telah dibatalkan? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif (normative legal research). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif terhadap data sekunder sebagai data utama dan data primer sebagai data pendukung. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan sesuai prosedur mengacu pada ketentuan Pasal 6 dan Pasal 20 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan atas Tanah Beserta Benda-Benda yang Berkaitan dengan Tanah. Pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim pada putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi Perkara Nomor 13/Pdt.Plw/2016/PN.Bkt terhadap Petitum ke-5 (lima) dari gugatan Para Pelawan, Pengumuman Kedua Eksekusi Kedua Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan tertanggal  14 April 2016 hanya diumumkan dalam 1  (satu) surat kabar bertentangan dengan Pasal 20 ayat (3) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan Atas Tanah Beserta Benda-Benda Yang Berkaitan Dengan Tanah Upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemenang lelang dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi hak tanggungan, yaitu upaya hukum yang bersifat non litigasi (persuasif) dan upaya hukum yang bersifat litigasi (represif).

Article 1 point 10 of Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning alternative dispute resolution, is a form of dispute resolution outside the court, including mediation. Alternative dispute resolution, the parties are assisted by a third party in resolving the dispute with a mediator. The alternative dispute resolution law provides a variety of non-litigation dispute resolution options. It should be emphasized that the option of dispute resolution with alternative dispute resolution is limited to disputes in the civil field. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of mediation through online dispute resolution in Indonesian laws and regulations as well as to find out the obstacles and challenges in the implementation of online dispute resolution mediation in an effort to resolve disputes in a non-litigation manner. The research method used is using the empirical juridical approach method, the research specification used in this study is descriptive analytical. The type of data in this study uses qualitative data while the data source uses primary data, namely interviews, observations, and secondary data, namely by studying the provisions of laws and regulations, other regulations, researching principles, conceptions, views, doctrines, and legal rules through books, journals, papers, and research results, the results of data analysis to answer problem issues. Conclusion The application of mediation through Online Dispute Resoution in laws and regulations in Indonesia is regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Article 5 paragraph (3) of PERMA Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. The obstacles to the implementation of Online Dispute Resolution depend on the good faith of the parties and the equipment used. Mediation is difficult to reach an agreement if the parties do not provide information clearly and transparently, and are constrained by the equipment used. 

Indonesia is an archipelago with diverse languages, ethnicities, religions and cultural tribes. Although there are many differences, Indonesian citizens always uphold kinship, tolerance and harmony in their environment.  This is in accordance with the motto of the Indonesian nation, namely “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” which describes the diversity of the Indonesian nation, but still one. In dispute resolution, in addition to legal channels, another form of dispute resolution in the form of alternative out-of-court settlements, which is often used by the Indonesian people, is the concept of mediation. One example of its application is in Jarin Village, Pamekasan, which resolves disputes through a negotiation process to obtain a peaceful agreement. The parties to the dispute are assisted by mediators, who are played by the village government and community leaders who are respected by the community. The form of research method used is Empirical. The research data comes from field samples that will be analyzed in a qualitative description. The results of the research are used to determine how effective mediation is in resolving disputes non-litigatively or without legal and/or judicial channels.

Dalam perjanjian kredit bank, debitur yang tidak melakukan kewajibannya dianggap melakukan wanprestasi. Penyelesaian wanprestasi dapat dilakukan dengan penundaan pembayaran, penjadwalan kembali, persyaratan kembali, atau penataan kembali. Pada kenyataannya, yang terjadi adalah bank mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan, akan tetapi oleh pengadilan diarahkan ke mediasi melalui akta perdamaian. Permasalahan. 1) Bagaimana Proses Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank ? 2) Faktor Apa yang Menjadi Hambatan dalam Pelaksanaan Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank ? 3) Bagaimana Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Debitur Melalui Akta Perdamain  dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Padang Nomor 14/Pdt. G.S/ 2020/PN.Pdg dan Putusan Pengadilan Negri Meureudu Nomor 4/Pdt.G.S/2020/PN.Mrn? Metode penelitian yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis dan sumber data sekunder melalui pengumpulan data dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian 1) Proses penyelesaian wanprestasi dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi. 2) Hambatan dalam pelaksanaan penyelesaian wanprestasi debitur melalui akta perdamaian dalam perjanjian kredit bank dapat muncul dari pihak bank, selaku kreditur (intermal) ataupun pihak nasabah, selaku debitur (eksternal). 3) Akta perdamaian Nomor 14/Pdt. G.S/ 2020/PN.Pdg berisi mengenai kesepakatan pengembalian hutang tergugat kepada penggugat dengan cara memindahkan gajinya ke bank X Cabang Padang, sedangkan Akta Perdamaian Nomor 4/Pdt.G.S/2020/PN.Mrn berisi mengenai kesepakatan pengembalian hutang tergugat kepada penggugat dengan cara membayar sebagian secara tunai dan sisanya dicicil setiap bulan selama 24bulan. Akta Perdamaian memiliki kekuatan sama seperti putusan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, dan terhadapnya tidak dapat diajukan banding atau kasasi. Karena telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, akta perdamaian memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial.

Problematic financing is an unavoidable risk for banks in providing financial services. This situation can occur when the debtor fails to fulfill his obligations to the bank, either due to business failure or deliberately not paying financing obligations according to the agreement due to the debtor's bad character. This research aims to identify the factors and impacts of problematic financing in sharia banking, the resolution mechanism, as well as the regulation and relevance of sharia economic law in resolving these problems. The method used is normative juridical (legal research) which focuses on studying the application of applicable positive legal rules or norms and is related to the substance of the research. The research results show that problematic financing factors originate from internal factors (managerial errors) and external factors (debtor errors). Resolving problematic financing can be done through alternative dispute resolution or litigation (resolved by the court). Meanwhile, sharia economic law regulations regarding the resolution of problematic financing can be carried out by means of tahkim, through qadhi, or resolved by means of al-ishlah.

This research aims to examine the problems, First see whether the implementation of non-litigation adjudication decisions on public information disputes in Central Java Province has been implemented.Second,what are the obstacles and efforts made in fulfilling the right to information in order to achieve the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Article 28F. This research is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. Types and sources of data include primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used was interviews with the Commissioner of the Central Information Commission and the Assistant Commissioner of the Central Java Province Information Commission, then the data analysis technique used was qualitative. The research results show thatFirst,non-litigation adjudication decisions have not been implemented due to several factors, namely the weakness of the trial procedural law regulated in the Information Commission Regulation (PERKI), the absence of authority given to the Information Commission in overseeing decisions, and the independence of the Information Commission which is still very dependent on each commissioner. The obstacles that exist at the Central Java KIP in implementing non-litigation adjudication decisions, namely the legal substance related to the weakness of the PERKI as well as the urgency of revising the KIP Law in safeguarding community dynamism, the legal structure related to the limited budget owned by the Central Java KIP and the limited number of Information Commission employees who do not followed by an increase in quality, as well as community culture regarding the number of applicants who are not serious.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Managerial Ownership, Debt Convenant and Litigation Risk on Accounting Conservatism. The population in this study consisted of manufacturing companies, the consumer goods industry sub-sector which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. A sample of 12 companies used in this study was found by purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary data. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics using panel data regression analysis techniques. The empirical results of this study indicate that independent Debt Convenant does not have a statistically significant effect on Accounting Conservatism while Managerial Ownership and Litigation Risk have a significant negative effect on Accounting Conservatism. The results show that managerial ownership has a significant positive effect on Accounting Conservatism, and Litigation Risk has a significant positive effect on Accounting Conservatism, debt agreements do not have a significant effect on Accounting Conservatism, and managerial ownership, litigation risk together have an effect on Accounting Conservatism.  

Penelitian ini tentang penegakan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik dalam sengketa informasi antara LSM LGMI dengan Inspektorat Kabupaten Demak. Tipe penelitian yang dipakai dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah tipe penelitian hukum empiris atau penelitian hukum non-doktrinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan spesifikasi penelitian secara diskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan analisis karena hasil penelitian ini hanya melukiskan atau menggambarkan. Sumber data dalam penelitian empiris merupakan data yang berasal langsung dari sumber di lapangan. Sumber data dalam penelitian empiris merupakan sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode wawancara kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait langsung dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bersifat preskriptif. Sifat preskiptif dalam penelitian empiris ini artinya dimaksudkan untuk memberikan argumentasi terkait hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penegakan hukum Undang- Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik di Kantor KIP Provinsi Jawa Tengah dapat dilakukan melalui proses mediasi dan melalui proses Ajudikasi non-litigasi. Dalam sengketa informasi publik antara LSM LGMI dengan Inspektorat Kab. Demak dilakukan peneakan hukum dengan ajudikasi non-litigasi dengan adanya Putusan Nomor 004/PTS-A/III/2019. Pada amar Putusan tersebut menyatakan bahwa Menyatakan bahwa Pemohon tidak memiliki Legal Standing atau kedudukan hukum dalam permohonan penyelesaian sengketa informasi mengenai salinan hasil audit atau tindak lanjut laporan dugaan tindak pidana pungutan liar di SMP Negeri 1 Wonosalam Kab. Demak dan permohonan penyelesaian sengketa informasi tidak dapat diterima. Sanksi yang dapat dikenakan berkaitan dengan Keterbukaan Infomasi Publik adalah adanya sanksi pidana yang diatur dalam Pasal 51 sampai denggan 57 Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 dan adanya sanksi administratif kepada Badan Publik sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 46 Ayat (1) dan Ayat (2) Undang-Undang keterbukaan informasi Publik.   Kata Kunci : Penegakan hukum, Sengketa Informsi, LSM LGMI dan Inspektorat

Medical aesthetic tourismberkembang pesat beberapa tahun terakhir. Kajian terhadap perlindungan hukumnya perlu diperdalam agar tren ini dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi pelakunya. Tujuan artikel ini untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis Perlindungan Hukum medical aesthetic tourism. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian doktrinal yang mengacu pada sumber data primer, sekunder dan tersier, dengan teknis analisis data interaktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlindungan hukum medical aesthetic tourism terkait pada standarisasi pelayanan medik, standar keamanan produk, asuransi, litigasi risiko medik selama tindakan dan perawatan.  Perlindungan hukum ini dikaji dengan perspektif Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, serta hukum internasional yang terkait.Ulasan literatur naratif ini berfokus pada masalah perlindungan hukum wisatawan yang mendapatkan perawatan medical aesthetic tourism di luar negeriKata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Medical Aesthetic, TourismABSTRACTMedical Aesthetic Tourism shows significant growth in recent years. A study on its law protection should be conducted more in-depth to enable this trend to give the feeling of secure to its actors. This article aimed to study and to analyze Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism. This study was a doctrinal research referring to primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, with interactive technique of analyzing data.  The result showed the Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism related to medical service standardization, product security standard, insurance, medical risk litigation during action and treatment. This law protection is studied from the perspective of Pancasila and Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, and related international law. This narrative literature review focused on the problem of law protection for the tourists getting Medical Aesthetic Tourism treatment abroad.