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Human activities, from household to industrial operations, generate liquid waste that poses a threat to the environment. Before discharge, liquid waste should be treated to ensure it is safe for release into the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid ozonation-adsorption method with varying contact times. This study collected leachate samples from the Rajabasa Landfill and used fly ash from the Tarahan Coal-Fired Power Plant as the adsorbent. First, the study used contact times of 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes for ozonation. Subsequently, the 80-minute sample proceeded to the adsorption stage and was ultimately tested against six parameters. The measured parameters included COD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, UV254, and DO. The results showed that the 80-minute ozonation process significantly reduced TSS, TDS, and DO levels. However, the ozonation process still left intermediate compounds, which were subsequently removed by adsorption. Ultimately, the combination of the two processes yields good results, particularly for COD and UV254. This aligns with the theory that ozonation breaks down complex compounds while the adsorbent absorbs residual pollutants. This hybrid process achieves a 45.47% reduction in COD and an 87.83% reduction in UV254.

This study aims to analyze The Responsibility of the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) TC. Hilers Maumere regarding the practice of burning medical waste and to examine its conformity with the provisions of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and other regulations related to hazardous waste management. Medical waste management is an important issue because improper handling may cause environmental pollution and pose serious risks to public health. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a descriptive approach, examining how the law operates in society through field data collection and analysis of relevant legal regulations.The results show that RSUD TC. Hilers Maumere implements a waste management system that includes the separation of household waste, liquid waste, and hazardous and toxic waste (B3). Medical waste is categorized and packaged according to its type, weighed, temporarily stored in medical waste storage facilities, and then destroyed using an incinerator or transported by authorized third parties. However, the practice of burning medical waste must be strictly supervised to prevent environmental impacts and potential legal violations. Therefore, stronger supervision, compliance with medical waste management standards, and the implementation of firm legal responsibility are necessary to protect public health and environmental sustainability.

This research is motivated by the negative impacts of production activities at a manufacturing company engaged in rubber processing, specifically at PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung. The factory's operations directly impact the environment, generating noise pollution, air pollution, unpleasant odors, and liquid waste. This situation requires the company to implement Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) to balance business sustainability with social and environmental responsibility. This is in line with Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and PSAK 1 of 2021. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of the implementation of environmental management accounting at PTPN VII Uni ;t Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, based on the International Guidance Document IFAC 2005 and PSAK 1 of 2021. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Primary and secondary data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that the company has implemented environmental management accounting using PSAK 1 of 2021, where the company has fulfilled the identification, presentation, measurement, recognition, and disclosure stages using the 2022 sustainability report and the 2022 financial statements of PTPN VII. Furthermore, PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, has classified environmental costs by allocating environmental costs based on the International Guidance Document IFAC 2005 and Ikhsan (2008). Therefore, PTPN VII Unit Pematang Kiwah Natar, South Lampung, has demonstrated its commitment to environmental regulatory compliance.

The implementation of the concept of sustainable fashion is an effort carried out by fashion players to create sustainable fashion products so as to reduce the impact of fast fashion. Forms of implementing the concept of sustainable fashion include the zero waste puttern cutting technique and the use of natural dyes. Cutting techniques without leaving scraps and liquid waste produced from the textile production process. The purpose of the study was to determine the process of implementing zero waste in ready to wear with ecoprint natural dye textiles. The data collection methods used are observation, documentation and literature methods. The analysis used in this study is qualitative data analysis. The process begins with creating ecoprint motifs using steam techniques and adding cibori motifs, the process of creating designs and planning the layout of the pattern components, and planning the layout of patterns on ecoprint materials, the cutting process, installing tricot, followed by the sewing process to unite the pattern components. The initial stage in this process is sewing the top. Conclusion of the process of applying the zero waste puttern cutting technique with ecoprin natural dye textiles is one of the visionary concepts where creating clothes starts from making motifs. with ecoprin natural dye textile is one of the visionary concepts where creating clothes starts from making motifs with natural dyes and continues with efforts to minimize fabric waste by applying the zero waste concept to the cutting pattern process and continues with the sewing process until completion, so that it can be used as a solution and reference in the fashion field for making clothes sustainably. Suggestions for applying the zero waste concept to be more optimal, the design of motif designs and pattern designs should always go hand in hand so that all motifs can be used and in accordance with the design to minimize fabric waste and dye waste.

This activity aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste management in optimizing production costs in the Giriloyo Batik industry, located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. As a center for traditional batik production, Giriloyo faces environmental challenges due to the liquid waste generated from the dyeing process. This community service activity introduced hybrid constructed wetland technology as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution. Methods used included field observations, interviews with local artisans, and a comparative cost analysis before and after system implementation. The results showed a 30% reduction in monthly waste management costs and a significant improvement in wastewater quality, in accordance with environmental standards. Furthermore, this program increased community awareness and participation in sustainable production practices. Effective waste management not only reduces operational costs but also strengthens the long-term environmental responsibility of the small-scale batik industry. By integrating technology with community involvement, the program provides a sustainable model for waste management in similar artisanal sectors, contributing to both economic and environmental benefits.

Study Interest State Administrative Law, Implementation of Business Licensing for Laundry Services Activities in Barong Tongkok District, West Kutai Regency, under the guidance of Dr. Siti Kotijah S.H., M.H and Agustina Wati S.H., M.H. Business licensing is an important aspect in the implementation of business activities, including laundry service businesses that are increasingly growing in urban communities. Laundry businesses require official permits from the local government as a form of compliance with regulations governing economic activities and environmental protection. With licensing, the government can supervise business activities and ensure that business actors comply with operational standards, including in the management of domestic waste generated from the washing process. Laundry business licensing is also an instrument to ensure consumer safety and comfort. Business permits include technical and administrative requirements, such as location permits, environmental permits (UKL-UPL/SPPL), and operational permits from related agencies such as the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Agency (DPMPTSP). Without complete permits, business actors can be subject to administrative sanctions to criminal penalties, as regulated in various laws and regulations such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Research on laundry business permits is important to provide a comprehensive picture of the processes, obstacles, and legal and environmental implications that may arise if business actors do not comply with applicable licensing provisions. Social legal research, with field studies at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of West Kutai Regency, Barong Tongkok District and Laundry businesses in Barong Tongkok, West Kutai. Laundry businesses that have permits are 7, while there are still many laundry businesses that do not have laundry business permits. Business actors do not have business permits, because the reason is that their business is small, and the permit process is very difficult, and business actors avoid paying local taxes.

The impacts of wastewater (liquid waste) include contamination and pollution of surface water and other water bodies utilized by humans, as well as disruption to aquatic life. Wastewater generated from plate washing processes in offset printing industries contains toxic substances that can harm the environment, such as ink pigments, additives, alcohol, and other hazardous chemicals. This study aims to reduce the environmental impact caused by plate washing wastewater. The method used in this research is the Jar Test, which is commonly applied to evaluate the effectiveness of coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Based on the findings, this method successfully reduced the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) level by 18%. These results indicate that the use of alum as a coagulant has a significant effect on altering the chemical composition of the plate washing wastewater, thereby contributing to pollution reduction

Industrial waste management is a crucial aspect of maintaining environmental sustainability and the health of communities around industrial areas. This study aims to empower the community through education on industrial waste management at Jordan Bakery Factory in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The methods used were participatory observation and interviews with the waste management staff at the factory. The results of the community service show that the factory has implemented a good system for managing liquid and solid waste, including a liquid waste filtration process and economic utilization of solid waste. In addition, the service team also prepared educational materials in the form of pamphlets containing information about types of waste, proper management methods, and the environmental impact of waste. This education is expected to increase awareness and participation among the community and factory workers in responsible waste management. This study contributes positively to environmentally friendly and sustainable industrial waste management in the Kendari area

. PT. XY is a company engaged in the printing sector, especially in the security products sector, which is required to process its wastewater so that it can meet the required wastewater quality standards, especially in the processing of domestic waste originating from human waste and other consumption waste such as washing water, rinsing and so on. A Sewage Treatment Plant is a domestic liquid waste processing installation to process residual domestic liquid waste so that it becomes clear and is no longer harmful to the environment. The problem that arises is one of the measurement parameters in the wastewater quality standard, namely total coliform (coliform bacteria), which has not met the requirements for several months. This study aims to process domestic waste in the sewage treatment plant process with the six-sigma method to achieve results according to the requirements of the liquid waste quality standard. It is safe to be discharged into water bodies. The results of this study from 6 parameters 5 parameters meet the wastewater quality standards, namely: pH, Total Suspended Solids / TSS, Biochemical Oxygen Demand5 / BOD5, Chemical Oxygen Demand / COD, Oil and fat, while the average level of Total Coliform in a year is 6,448 MPN / 100 ml, not yet meeting the wastewater quality standards of 3,000 MPN / 100 ml. The results of the six-sigma calculation found a result of 1.5 Sigma (σ) where the process is in the non-competitive category

The presence of heavy metals in waste is one of the variables that can pollute and damage the environment. Lead is one of the chemical contents that can be found in hospital liquid waste. Hospital liquid waste comes from work unit processes throughout the hospital environment which contains dangerous chemicals so it needs to be processed before being discharged into the environment. Research has been carried out using the coagulation-flocculation method using sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant. The aim of this research is to find out how the palm seed coagulant mass influences in reducing lead (Pb) levels. hospital wastewater with the addition of variations in coagulant mass, namely 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. From the filtrate resulting from coagulation-flocculation which was then analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards, from the results of this research it is known that sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant are able to reduce the most optimal PB concentration when the coagulant concentration is added to 0.6%.

Car washes have become increasingly popular in some areas, but this growth has also had a negative impact on environmental quality, as untreated wash water is often discharged directly into car wash drainage systems without any prior treatment. This discharge of unfiltered wastewater can lead to high levels of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and surfactants in nearby water sources if carried out intensively. Much of the wastewater is often classified as waste. It is discharged by car wash operators into the drainage system and eventually into smaller waterways. In 2014, the Minister of the Environment highlighted the importance of managing cleaning waste due to its harmful effects on the environment and health. Based on the Pekanbaru Municipality's Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2003 on the payment of liquid waste treatment control permit, which stipulates that every industry must carry out waste treatment before discharging into the environment and each industry must also  pay a fee, this study will allow the design of absorption wells, which will be used to treat liquid waste from car washes, so that the wastewater absorbed into the ground is no longer a contaminated liquid waste. By treating the waste by the method of infiltration pits, it is hoped that the environment and the health of the residents around the laundry will be well preserved.

PT X is one of the industries located in East Java that produces liquid waste. The industrial sector is indeed a large producer of liquid waste. One of the liquid wastes produced is domestic liquid waste. The industry has the responsibility to manage domestic liquid waste in accordance with Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 which requires industries to carry out domestic wastewater management before being discharged into water bodies. One of the efforts made by the industry to manage the domestic wastewater produced is to use a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant. The quality of the treated water has met the domestic wastewater quality standards to be discharged into river and does not pollute the environment.

PT X, one of the state-owned enterprises to support the country's food security, is the largest and most comprehensive fertilizer producer in Indonesia that generates various wastes, including industrial liquid waste. Liquid waste has no economic value, so it is very important to treat it. PT X Company uses potential Hydrogen (pH)ysical and chemical treatment. There are two effluent treatment units, setting, line injection, and sludge treatment. All parameters evaluated include chemical requirements for oxygen (COD), zat padat yang tersuspensi(TSS), ammonia (NH3), total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN), fluorine, degree of acidity (potential of hydrogen (pH)), oil, and fat. According to the results after the analysis conducted in the study, it was found that the air pollution data after wastewater treatment was carried out showed that the quality of wastewater every month had met the quality standards of the rules and could be discharged into water bodies / seas. This shows the effectiveness of the treatment process implemented by the company.

iquid waste produced by the food industry has complex characteristics that depend on production capacity. Liquid waste treatment is carried out physically, chemically, and biologically to reduce the concentration of pollutants that pose environmental problems. PT. X is one of the companies that produces food products. The company has been implementing an environmental management system, particularly wastewater treatment, using WWTP technology. The research aims to assess the performance of liquid wastewater treatment processes at PT. X. The research method used is descriptive, with data collection through direct observation and sampling at the WWTP outlet of PT. X. After testing, the research results show that all main parameters produced by PT. X's WWTP comply with the quality standards of the East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013. Overall, the WWTP performance remains good.    

This study evaluates the investment feasibility of UD Al-Mustofa, a tobacco business in Kendal, by considering aspects of production, storage capacity, waste management, and market expansion opportunities. UD Al-Mustofa is strategically located, ensuring high mobility, optimal production scale, and an effective waste management system, which includes recycling solid waste into organic fertilizer, processing liquid waste, and mitigating gas emissions by conducting tobacco drying in areas far from residential zones. Although the business has not yet obtained certification for international markets, financial analysis indicates that investment in this venture is viable. The calculations show a payback period of 2.01 years, significantly shorter than the projected 10-year investment lifespan. The Net Present Value (NPV) reaches IDR 489,345,567, indicating positive returns, with a profitability index of 0.854. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 46% significantly exceeds Bank Indonesia’s interest rate of 5.75% in 2024, while the Average Rate of Return (ARR) of 78.8% is higher than the cost of capital. Based on these findings, UD Al-Mustofa has strong potential for further development, both in terms of production and market expansion..

POME is liquid wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. POME contains nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, magnesium and calcium compounds, that can be used as a good fertilizer for plantations. However, before application, POME must be processed because direct use of unprocessed POME can damage the environment. PT XYZ utilizes POME as raw material for biogas through an anaerobic fermentation process to produce alternative energy for electricity generation, however, biogas production at PT XYZ  produces CH4 levels that do not meet the desired standard, namely 60%, while the value obtained is still 57%, so it can occure an incomplete combustion process in the engine. Therefore, research was carried out to analyze the influence of POME's Chemical Oygen Demand (COD) and the pH of POME as biogas raw material on the CH4 produced. Meanwhile, based on measurements of POME pH, fluctuations are caused by environmental conditions, therefore before the feed enters the biodigester, the first treatment is increasing pH until 6-7 to adjust the optimal conditions for bacteria working to break down organic substances.  The results shows that the estimated potential for a Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg) with a production capacity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of 60 tons/hour, the high generating capacity is influenced by the large COD value, meaning that the COD value greatly influences the CH4 produced, but must also be in accordance with Other factors that influence CH4 production such as pH, temperature, stirring and others.

Goat urine is liquid waste from goat feces. Goat urine is able to provide macro and micro nutrients and contains growth regulators (ZPT) that plants need. Goat urine contains 1.5% nitrogen, 0.13% phosphorus, and 1.8% potassium. Goat urine contains natural hormones of IAA, gibberellin, and cytokinin higher than other livestock urine. Goat urine processing can be done by fermentation. Fermentation is a process of chemical changes in an organic substrate through enzyme activity produced by microorganisms. The results of fermentation of organic materials such as sugar, alcohol, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and other organic compounds are easily absorbed directly by plant roots. The use of effective microorganisms in the manufacture of goat urine fermented liquid organic fertilizer aims to accelerate the fermentation process. Effective microorganisms or also known as probiotics are mixed cultures of various types of beneficial microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes yeasts, fermentation fungi that can improve soil microbes. The use of solid waste of goat manure is commonly done by farmers, but the use of liquid waste (urine) of fermented goats has not been widely known. Therefore, it is important to optimize the use of fermented goat urine as liquid organic fertilizer.

Environmental pollution has become a serious problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Tofu waste is waste from processing soybeans and consists of solid and liquid waste. Solid waste in the form of dirt left over from cleaning is usually called tofu dregs, while liquid waste is water resulting from washing tofu. Industry knows that disposing of waste directly into water bodies can pollute those waters, because it can lower the pH of the air and affect aquatic biota. Therefore, the industry knows that it must carry out processing first to prevent environmental problems. In this study, researchers used commercial probiotic bacteria to reduce BOD and COD levels in tofu wastewater. The research was carried out by testing in the laboratory and using statistical data with graphic methods which can provide a comparison of the water content of tofu waste before and after it was given. The action given in the research was a ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 water to tofu waste with commercial probiotic bacteria. Apart from that, researchers also added incubation times within each 8 hour interval, namely at 0 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours and 32 hours. The results of the research show that administering commercial probiotics can reduce BOD and COD levels in tofu wastewater. The most significant reduction occurred in a ratio of 1:3 in COD and BOD to 242.69 mg/lt and 148.00 mg/lt with an incubation time of 32 hours. This proves the commercial effect of probiotic bacteria to reduce BOD and COD levels so that it can help reduce environmental pollution, especially in the air.      

PT X is a company engaged in animal slaughtering and produces liquid waste in the process of its activities. Located in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, this study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) system on the quality of PT X's wastewater. The effect of implementing the WWTP system can be measured through baseline data collection, evaluation of WWTP effectiveness, observation of WWTP operation and maintenance, and recommendations in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. Pollutant parameters in wastewater include BOD, COD, TSS, and O&G (Oil & Grease) that exceed the quality standards. After the implementation of the WWTP system, the effluent results showed a decrease and no longer exceeded the quality standards, proving that the implemented WWTP system has a positive effect on the quality of the PT X abattoir discharge water.

Environmental impact analysis on business actors is sometimes considered unimportant in good and correct waste management, causing negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Because of these problems, this research took a case study of Kocokin Chicken business actors in Bangkalan Regency, Telang Village, Madura. Qualitative research methods with primary data types through interviews and observations are used to directly identify the processing process of selling products. The results found show that there are various types of solid and liquid waste that have not been managed properly. Therefore, having good waste management alternatives, such as improving waste management infrastructure, can prevent sustainable environmental damage and improve the quality of life of local communities.