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Coal is one of the main energy sources and the largest contributor to national revenue; however, its management faces challenges related to limited availability and accuracy in reserve estimation. An essential aspect of mining management is monitoring the Run of Mine (ROM) volume, which plays a critical role in crushing, washing, and blending processes. This study aims to compare the accuracy of ROM volume measurements using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) methods in the production area of PT FAD, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving field data acquisition, three-dimensional modeling, and volume analysis using specialized software. The results show that ROM volume measured with TLS was 1,407.669 lcm, while UAV produced 1,387.357 lcm, with a difference of 20.312 lcm or 1.45%. This deviation is within the ASTM D6172-98 tolerance limit (<2%), indicating that both methods are valid. Although TLS offers higher accuracy, UAV is more effective and efficient in terms of measurement time, making it a reliable alternative for modern mining monitoring. This study provides practical insights for the mining industry in selecting ROM volume measurement methods that are not only accurate but also efficient in supporting sustainable operations and data-driven decision-making.

Stockpiles are accumulations of materials such as coal or ore stored at specific locations. Accurate stockpile volume measurement is crucial in the mining and logistics industries for inventory management and cost efficiency. Conventional methods like Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS rely on surface coordinate measurements but require numerous points, especially for irregular-shaped objects. Newer technologies like Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) offer high-precision alternatives by capturing thousands of points per second, expediting and enhancing the resolution of volume measurements. This study compares TLS and RTK GPS methods in measuring the volume of andesite rock stockpiles at PT Bara Tabang. This research uses a quantitative approach, involving six Ground Control Points (GCPs) measured using the Sokkia GRX2 RTK GPS on October 24, 2024. TLS generated over 8.6 million point cloud data filtered down to 35,197 points, while RTK GPS yielded 2,276 coordinates. Accuracy testing showed very small RMSE values (RMSEr: 0.008 m; RMSEz: 0.007 m), and both LE90 and CE90 demonstrated 90% confidence within a 0.012 m range. Volume calculation using Surpac software with the cut and fill method showed TLS produced a volume of 18,766 bcm (51,982 tons/m³), while RTK GPS resulted in 18,694 bcm (51,782 tons/m³), with a difference of 72 bcm or 0.211%.These results indicate that both methods offer acceptable accuracy; however, TLS provides greater data density, efficiency, and precision, particularly for complex or large-scale stockpile objects. Therefore, TLS is recommended for high-accuracy volume measurement in mining operations that require efficiency and detailed analysis.

Wireless communication, in its infrastructure nature, faces many challenges such as fading, data coverage, and interference issues. Therefore, High-Fidelity or (Li-Fi) is utilized due to its ability to naturally provide high-density wireless data coverage in closure’s particularly helpful for application(s) in some areas while the radio interference conditions are concern. This article illustrates an advanced Li-Fi approach performing high-speed data transmission between two Personal Computers (PCs) utilizing the Arduino Nano-based technique. In the experimental phase, data is mainly used to be transmitted over red laser diode (630 nm) through (30 cm) in distance, a distance of 30 cm, achieving a high peak speed reach to about (512Bps). The proposed approach performance is computed by evaluating the most important and related metrics like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit-Error-Rate (BER), and influence of throughput on input data over various light circumstance. The proposed approach mainly utilizes a keypad as a user input and two related detection models for both a solar cell and a photodetector in order to make a powerful comparison in terms of performance. the results showed that when the photodetector applies a higher-detection efficiency (via BER enhancement which reaches to 20% over solar-cell), the solar-cell clarify outstanding power and cost-activity. The mentioned findings are propped by elaborated statistical-analyses and MATLAB simulation to design, simulate and visualize the validate functionalities of the robustness and scalability properties of the proposed Li-Fi approach.

Sinusitis is a health disorder commonly caused by factors such as air pollution, dust exposure, cold air, and smoking. With the rapid development of technology, there are now healing methods that do not rely on conventional medications, such as laser therapy. This research aims to develop a laser therapy clock equipped with sinusitis therapy using Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). The system utilizes Arduino Nano as the main controller, an IR laser for the nose and hand, a DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor the patient's temperature, and an OLED 0.96V display to show laser intensity and temperature values. This system aims to improve patient interaction with the device, providing a convenient and effective way to perform sinusitis therapy at home. The goal is to create a non-invasive, user-friendly solution for individuals suffering from sinusitis, with the potential to enhance treatment effectiveness, accessibility, and convenience, offering a promising alternative to traditional treatments.

This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which aims to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of birth canal laceration and its impact on postpartum hemorrhage. The review of various studies showed that postpartum hemorrhage and perineal rupture have complex and interrelated risk factors, with placental retention, uterine atony, and birth canal laceration as the main causes (p-value <0.05). Maternal characteristics such as age, parity (especially in multiparous with a prevalence of 32.9%), history of previous bleeding (OR=7.725), and pregnancy spacing less than two years (OR=6.943) contributed significantly to the risk of complications. Birth weight had a significant association with the incidence of perineal rupture, while the innovative use of warmpad proved effective with 58.8% of cases showing an intact perineum post-delivery. The study also identified anemia in pregnancy as an important risk factor, with the distribution of causes of postpartum hemorrhage including placental retention (44%), uterine atony (28%), uterine rupture (18.6%), and uterine inversion (9.4%), confirming the importance of comprehensive monitoring during pregnancy to prevent complications.

Radar is a tool that functions to determine the whereabouts of objects in the surroundings. A military defense system requires a system for monitoring and handling certain areas (land, sea, air) effectively and efficiently to prevent unwanted presence from entering private areas. This design is expected to increase the defense system's capabilities to make it easier to automatically track and destroy enemies. The laser gun is an actuator that is integrated to shoot enemies detected by radar. The servo motor drives the ultrasonic sensor and the diode laser which moves from 00 to 1800, the ultrasonic sensor is integrated into the servo motor which functions to detect objects by reflecting ultrasonic waves on the object and receiving them back when the waves hit the object, then the 5V diode laser is used as a weapon. will emit a laser beam when directed at an object detected by the servo motor. Processing3 software is used as a graphic programming tool that can display object detection read by the ultrasonic sensor. The results of this research are that the ultrasonic sensor is capable of detecting objects in the range 0-40cm and the servo motor is capable of reaching angles from 00 to 1800. And this system can work effectively during shooting so that it can meet defense needs in dealing with enemies and can work quickly and precisely.    

Physics Doctor Sensor technologies have improved the everyday life of human beings through their applications in almost all fields. Sensors are devices that detect changes in the source/environment and collect signals, and accordingly, the reaction is designed. There is a range of sources, including light, temperature, movements, and pressure etc., which may be used. A wide range of applications are utilized using innovative sensor technologies in lifestyle, healthcare, fitness, manufacturing, and daily life. In the medical field, the difficulty of taking medicine is eased by drug donors fitted with sensors. It reminds them to take medicine via a signal and supply the necessary medicine at the specified moment. In health care, older individuals, athletes, and risk patients benefit from modern sensor technology. The current industrial trends driving innovation include ultrasound, radar, and non-contact optoelectronic solutions and laser technology. The paper gives a brief overview of the numerous types of sensors that are utilized in everyday life. Various capabilities of sensors for day-to-day healthcare are discussed. Various features, associated nomenclature, and measures for sensors in day-to-day routine life are discussed diagrammatically and finally, the paper identifies and discusses twenty-two significant applications of sensors for daily life. Sensors also produce vital information and exchange data with other connected devices and administration systems when linked to a network. Thus, for the effective running of many companies, sensors are critical. Various types of sensors are used in our daily life, which is more accurate and makes quicker analysis.

This journal analyzes the exploration of dependence on technology in the novel "Dune" by Frank Herbert. The main focus of the journal is on the technological concepts introduced in the story, including the use of Melange as an energy source for the Holtzman Drive, the development of artificial intelligence, shields versus laser weapons, as well as water distillation technology used by the Fremen. This journal explains the impact of dependence on technology in the political, social and economic context of the universe created by Herbert. This research also discusses the contradiction in the acceptance of technology between human needs and the prohibition on the use of computers in the history of the Dune universe.      

XYZ is one of the largest manufacturers of bus houses in Indonesia as a safe and reliable means of transportation with almost 50 years of experience. In carrying out the production process, employees are required to always be optimal in completing their work, but on the other hand, employees have limited workloads. The aim of this research is to determine the workload conditions received by Salvagnini CNC Laser machine operators, as well as to provide suggestions for improvements to the preparation department (Salvagnini). In order to find out the workload conditions for operators from this department, workload calculations are carried out using the FTE (Full Time Equivalent) method which is obtained from observing job descriptions, units of output or types of activities produced by operators (units/activities), vol-umes containing the number of production results. , as well as the duration of work carried out by the operator. The operator's workload conditions on the first and third days were FTE values of 0.671 and 0.949 (underload) because the FTE value was <0.99, while on the second day the workload condition was 1.033 (fit) because the FTE value was between 1-1.28.

A musical instrument is a device created to produce sound. The price of musical instruments themselves varies depending on the type of instrument and the quality of the material used to make the instrument. At NU 07 Brangsong Middle School, there were no instruments except tambourines. That is because there is no funds to buy a musical instrument. The school allocates more funds to buildings or school buildings and scholarship assistance for underprivileged children and intelligent children. Thus students at the school cannot practice or hone their skills in music. From these problems can actually be solved by an arduino-based Piano, Harp, Marching Bell Digital instrument using laser light and LDR. Because this tool can be made at a low cost and can function more than one musical instrument. The working system of this tool is that there are several lasers that will emit light directly on the LDR sensor (in pairs). And when a pair of laser beams and LDR number one are blocked by an object or hand it will emit a piano sound with a "DO" motif. Furthermore, when a pair of laser beams and LDR number two are blocked, it will emit piano sound with the "RE" orientation and so on. This tool is also equipped with buttons that function as a selector of the type of sound that will be generated and the desired octave.