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Language is a means of communication between individuals and groups to convey ideas, concepts, or insights. Language can be expressed orally or in writing. Spoken language is temporary or contemporary, while written language is permanent. Spoken language is delivered without an intermediary media, whereas writing serves as an academic archive to ensure that the conveyed insights are preserved. Therefore, writing is done, for example, in encyclopedias, which contain collections of information about science, knowledge, history, arts, technology, and others in a broad and easily understandable manner. Writing books is very important in delivering accurate and easily understood information, so the use of language must adhere to linguistic rules. However, errors are often found that can disrupt clarity and accuracy of information. This research aims to identify types of sentence errors in the encyclopedia book titled “Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia.” The study examines the use of language in accordance with linguistic rules using a qualitative method and a descriptive approach, analyzing data from various chapters in the book in depth. The results show errors in sentence structure, punctuation, and incorrect terminology, which can reduce the quality of the information. The benefit of this research is to provide recommendations for writers and publishers to improve the encyclopedia so that it becomes more informative and easier to understand, as well as to enhance the quality of scholarly works in the field of historiography.

Currently, the skills needed to advance a tourist area are influenced by the availability of human resources who can speak English and understand local culture well. Unfortunately, improving English proficiency remains a challenge. Additionally, another issue appears as the Alpha generation is exposed to a great deal of English-language social media content; however, this does not appear to be directly correlated with an improvement in their English proficiency. It appears that the English Club instructors at SMA Fons Vitae 1 Jakarta were also aware of these two problems. Therefore, on September 11, 2025, an ABDIMAS activity entitled "Giving and Asking for Direction" training was held with the production of a short film. This activity was attended by 15 participants, 10 boys and 5 girls, a combination of students from grades 10 and 11. The results of the training showed that the pre-production process of making a short film provided a space for participants to recognize and explore Indonesian cultural heritage. Furthermore, the production process of making a short film made participants not afraid of speaking English. In the post-production process, participants can also edit parts of the video that are less than satisfactory because they can re-record if there are errors in pronunciation and grammar.

Hijaiyah letters have varying shapes, and some of them are very similar, often causing errors in the manual character recognition process. This study aims to classify Hijaiyah letters based on digital images using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. This method was used in this study with a dataset consisting of 28 letter classes and a total of 4,480 images obtained from various public sources and private data. All images underwent a preprocessing stage that included labeling, resizing, normalization, and augmentation, then were divided into three parts, namely training data, validation data, and test data with a ratio of 70:20:10. The training process was carried out using the Python programming language with the help of the TensorFlow and Keras libraries on the Google Colab platform. The test results showed that the CNN model achieved an accuracy of 97.10%, with an average precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.97, respectively. Classification errors only occurred in letters that had similar shapes, such as Syin and Sin. Based on these results, the CNN method proved to be effective, efficient, and accurate in recognizing Hijaiyah letter image patterns, so it can be used as a basis for developing classification models with higher accuracy in the future.  

Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO) serves as a primary communication medium for the deaf community; however, limited public understanding often creates barriers during daily interactions. This study aims to develop a real-time BISINDO word-level translation system using hand landmark extraction and temporal modeling with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The system employs MediaPipe Hands to detect 21 hand landmarks per frame, which are then processed as sequential motion patterns to classify five BISINDO words: saya, terima kasih, maaf, nama, and kamu. A total of 250 gesture samples were recorded under controlled lighting conditions as the primary dataset. The processed sequences were used to train the LSTM model, which was subsequently integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller and a DFPlayer Mini module to produce direct audio output. Experimental results show that the model achieved an average accuracy of 86%, with precision and recall values ranging from 0.81 to 0.94. The confusion matrix analysis indicates that most gestures were correctly classified, although some errors occurred in gestures with similar initial motion trajectories. Integration testing demonstrated an average system latency of 3.8 seconds and an audio output success rate of 85%. These findings indicate that the proposed system is capable of translating BISINDO word-level gestures accurately, responsively, and consistently in real-time conditions. This study provides a strong foundation for the broader development of sign language translation systems, with potential enhancements in vocabulary expansion, multi-user datasets, and hardware optimization for deployment in real-world environments.

The advancement of digital technology has driven many service companies to transform toward faster, more efficient, and accurate systems. Himeji Express Banjarmasin, a company engaged in the field of goods delivery services, still faces challenges in data management and service processes that are mostly carried out manually. This condition leads to delays in shipment tracking, data entry errors, and limitations in report generation. To address these issues, a digital application was designed to optimize the delivery service processes at Himeji Express Banjarmasin. The application was developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) approach to model system requirements through use case, activity, sequence, and class diagrams. The implementation process utilized Sublime Text and XAMPP software, supported by an integrated database. The results show that the developed digital application can improve the effectiveness of managing customer, employee, pricing, cargo, and transaction data while generating automatic and real-time reports. This application enhances operational efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to customer needs at Himeji Express.

This corpus-based study explores the acquisition patterns of English modal verbs by Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners through a comprehensive analysis of learner language data. The study utilizes a specialized learner corpus consisting of 2.5 million words drawn from both written and spoken productions of 450 Indonesian learners, covering various proficiency levels. The research focuses on examining the frequency patterns, semantic distributions, and error types associated with modal verb usage across the learner corpus. The study employs a combination of quantitative corpus linguistic methods and qualitative error analysis to uncover developmental trends and persistent difficulties in acquiring English modals. The findings highlight a significant underuse of epistemic modality, which expresses degrees of certainty, and an overreliance on core modals like "can," "will," and "must." Additionally, learners systematically avoid more complex modal constructions that are semantically nuanced and less frequent in their linguistic output. The analysis also reveals notable cross-linguistic influences from Indonesian, particularly in the areas of politeness marking and the expression of certainty. These interference patterns suggest that Indonesian learners may transfer modal expressions from their native language, leading to specific errors in the usage of English modals. Based on the findings, the study proposes a usage-based pedagogical framework that integrates corpus-informed instruction with explicit semantic mapping of modal meanings. This framework encourages teachers to address modal verb acquisition by emphasizing frequency-based approaches, contrastive semantic analysis, and corpus-driven awareness-raising activities. The research suggests that by focusing on the form-meaning-function relationships of modals in authentic contexts, learners can better understand and produce English modals accurately and appropriately. The findings have significant implications for enhancing modal verb instruction in EFL classrooms, especially for Indonesian learners.

This study aims to analyze the use of Indonesian by students of the Tourism Study Program at STIEPAR Yapari in an academic context. Indonesian as a national language plays an important role in effective communication in higher education environments. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that students still tend to use informal language and mix foreign terms in academic communication, which results in grammatical errors and hinders understanding of the material. Several factors that influence this language use pattern include daily habits, the influence of social media, and the dominance of foreign languages. This study is expected to contribute to improving the quality of Indonesian language use among students, as well as providing recommendations for lecturers and institutions in more effective language learning.

This study aims to design and implement a web-based outpatient registration information system at Regional General Hospital (RSUD) X to overcome issues arising from the manual registration system. The current manual registration system at RSUD X causes problems such as long queues, potential data entry errors, lost files, and difficulty in finding patient medical history. As a result, patient waiting times are longer, the administrative staff's workload increases, and the overall effectiveness of services decreases. The research method used is a qualitative one, which describes various processes in the system, from patient data input to the digital registration receipt output. The system design approach uses the waterfall method. Data collection was carried out through purposive sampling, while data gathering was done through interviews with registration officers, direct observation, and a documentation study in the medical records unit. The system is built with a combination of technologies, including PHP as a server-side programming language and MySQL as the database. The result is a web-based outpatient registration information system that can improve the efficiency and quality of hospital services. The advantages of this system include wide accessibility, time efficiency, and effective data management. This system is expected to reduce patient queues, improve the efficiency of the registration process, and simplify patient data management. However, the implementation of this system may face challenges such as limited resources and user skills. Solutions to overcome these challenges are effective resource allocation and user training. Overall, the web-based outpatient registration information system can be an effective solution to improve service quality at RSUD X.

This research aims to find out how the creativity of Gen Z influences the process of reinterpreting Arabic in the context of modern learning, and to what extent the role of AI can support this process. This research uses the literature study method by analysing relevant articles to understand the concept of AI's role in gen z creativity and Arabic language reinterpretation in the learning process. Meanwhile, this research shows that the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Arabic language learning is efficient and helpful in supporting the learning process. Among them can help search for materials, references, questions, journals/articles, and digital books, increase students' learning motivation because it is fun and exciting, support language practice and understanding, help practice speaking, writing, and get grammar explanations instantly, correct errors quickly, translate Arabic texts, help data analysis and understand the context of Arabic texts, support conversation exercises, provide feedback and reference sources and learning aids with features that enrich the Arabic language learning process.

This activity aims to develop and advance religious education in the ability to write hijaiyah letters and increase children's love for the Koran at the Al Ikhlas Pakalongan Musholla. This service uses the PAR method, namely a method where the teacher gives special tasks so that students carry out activities by practicing. In an effort to optimize students' skills and also based on phenomena that occur in the local community in teaching the Qur'an. Students can also utilize their free time or free time with productive activities which are also useful for increasing their ability to write hijaiyah letters. This service activity produced several results, namely: increasing students' skills or expertise in writing the Koran, increasing knowledge of hijaiyah letters, and students being able to pronounce hijaiyah letters well. Learning hijaiyah letters is very important to maintain scientific truth, obey the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and protect the language so that reading errors do not occur.

Bahasa Indonesia as an official communication tool had grammatical guidelines such as Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan (EYD) V, which was used to regulate the use of letters, punctuation, and word writing. One important aspect of this grammar was the correct use of capital letters. Unfortunately, there were still many errors in applying this rule, both in scientific and non-scientific writing. This study aimed to analyze the capitalization errors in the three winning letters of the Writing a Letter to the Minister of Education and Culture competition published on the Instagram account @kemdikbud.ri. This research used a qualitative method to examine the errors in capitalization in more depth. The results showed that most errors occurred in using capital letters at the beginning of sentences and proper names, and there were also inappropriate capital letters in the middle of sentences. Further education on capitalization was still needed, especially to improve good and correct writing skills according to Indonesian language guidelines.

Computerized accounting is a system used to process company transaction data by using computers as a technological medium for application work processes and to produce financial reports for a company. The use and application of computer technology in office activities is a requirement and fairness that is needed, without having to eliminate manual systems. The use of computers will be able to improve employee performance in supporting activities in an agency or company. Financial management within the regional scope is the regional task and authority in organizing regional agencies which includes several sections including budgeting, income, expenditure, and accounting and accountability. The aim of this research is to design a web-based computerized accounting system for regional income and expenditure in Wates Village. And create a computerized accounting system that can assist the process of recording and storing web-based regional income and regional expenditure transaction data which produces regional income and expenditure report information. In creating a computerized system for regional income and expenditure, the software used is Sublime Texet3. Data storage uses MySQL and programming languages ​​use PHP and HTML. The research results show that the computerized accounting system makes it easier for finance employees to record financial transactions. Then financial reports are produced more quickly and data errors can be minimized and more structured data is stored in the database. So this new system really helps agencies in Wates Ngaliyan Village, Semarang, where the application is equipped with a menu for input, processes and reports that process transactions, both income and expenditure.

This research aims to detect grammatical errors in the undergraduate thesis of students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University Riau in 2017. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection tools are the official documents method. In this research, the researcher analyzed the grammatical errors in the university thesis, where the researcher went through three stages, namely: 1- Recognizing the error, the researcher looked at the texts of the supplementary research written in Arabic for students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University in 2017, and identified the errors in which the students deviated from the grammatical rules. 2 - Correcting the error, the researcher clarified what is correct 3 - Clarifying the error, the researcher clarified what are the correct rules in the Arabic language. The results of this research are: The grammatical errors made by the students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University, Riau, in writing the supplementary research are many, including those related to the section of marfu’at, manshubat, majrurat, majzumat, asma` ma’rifah, tawabi’ and murakkabat. The researcher found forty-nine errors in the section of tawabi’ (na’at haqiqy) and forty errors in the section of murakkabat (tarkib idhafah). The least number of errors were found in the section of majrurat and majzumat.    

Typing errors in documents are fairly common. The process of checking typing errors manually will take a lot of time. Therefore, a system called Indonesian spelling correcting with Jaro Winkler is needed. Spelling Correcting is a feature that can check and correct word writing errors automatically. Jaro Winkler is an algorithm used for the word correction process by calculating the value obtained from the results of the operation of modifying one word with another word with the help of a matrix. Based on the results of trials on 13 words, namely "Alaman Amus Seperti Pada Gamba Tersebut Digunakan Untuk Memasukkan Data Kata Pada KBBI ", this spelling correcting application can produce 3 correct word corrections to " halaman kamus seperti pada gambar tersebut digunakan untuk data pada kbbi ", each Word improvement is calculated using the Jaro Winkler formula, getting a score above 0.94 for each word tested.

This study aims to identify and analyze language errors in beauty product advertisements on the Instagram account of MS Glow Beauty. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through screenshots of various advertisement posts from the account. The analysis focused on identifying spelling errors, grammatical inaccuracies, and language interference within the advertisement content. The findings revealed significant language errors, including inappropriate word usage, incorrect sentence structures, and inconsistent mixing of Indonesian and English. These errors can reduce the professionalism and effectiveness of marketing communications and influence consumer perceptions of the product and brand. The study highlights the importance of proper and consistent language use in digital marketing content to enhance communication quality and brand image. Recommended language improvements are expected to help beauty brands increase the appeal and effectiveness of their social media advertisements, contributing to better practices in digital marketing.

Maharah Kitabah is the most urgent Arabic language skill in learning Arabic, this is because this skill is the peak that includes all other skills. So if students understand it, it will be easier for them to understand Arabic as a whole. In this case the author conducted research by analyzing the obstacles to learning the Maharah Kitabah. The aim of the research is to find out what obstacles or mistakes hinder students from improving their Arabic writing skills, especially at the Tahfiz Darul Mafaza Islamic Boarding School, Deli Serdang. By focusing this research on Maharah Al-Kitabah, efforts can be made to obtain good learning strategies, so that students' understanding will be much better and they will get solutions to the problems they face when writing Arabic language sequences. This research was conducted using a qualitative and descriptive approach. Students at the Tahfiz Darul Mafaza Islamic Boarding School in Deli Serdang face problems in Maharah Al-Kitabah, and this research aims to describe these errors and problems. Data are collected in natural environments and phenomena are interpreted using qualitative methods. Apart from that, to gain a better understanding of the problem being researched, the researchers used methods such as qualitative surveys and also used an analytical approach which the author quoted from various secondary data, in the form of scientific journals, theses and internet media.  

This study focused on UNIMED Biology Department students and aimed to find Indonesian language errors in their WhatsApp conversations with lecturers. The data included messages sent by UNIMED biology students to lecturers via WhatsApp. A qualitative analysis was conducted to compare this data with language error standards set in good and correct Indonesian language rules, such as EYD, PUEBI, and KBBI. The results showed that some of the language mistakes that often occur in conversation include incorrect word use, incorrect punctuation, and ineffective sentences

This research aims to investigate the critical role of an analysis stage in detecting spelling errors in news texts. Spelling errors in news text can hinder understanding and reduce the credibility of the information. The analysis stage in this research includes identifying spelling error patterns, selecting effective analysis methods, and developing a spelling error detection algorithm. Through this approach, this research aims to improve the quality of news texts by reducing the number of spelling errors that may occur. The research method involves analyzing news texts that have been identified as potential sources of spelling errors. It is hoped that the research results will provide valuable insights into the development of automatic systems to detect and correct spelling errors in news texts, thereby increasing the accuracy and credibility of information conveyed through this media

Pramudita is a company that operates in the field of parking lot management services at one of the Regional General Hospitals in East Sumba, where CV. Pramudita still records manually in a book, namely recording financial data in the form of income and expenditure of parking financial data every day, so there are often errors in recording financial data. CV. Pramudita needs a financial data management system to help store financial data in the form of daily income and expenses and also various issues that include financial matters. The system design that will be designed includes a website-based financial information system. This system was also built using the waterfall method with PHP, HTML and MySQL programming languages. From the SUS test results, this parking financial data management information system is included in the marginal category, acceptability ranges and high, the scale grade obtained is D and the level of user satisfaction is OK.

This research aims to develop and modernize the employee payroll administration system at PDAM Batiwakkal Berau through the implementation of the Payroll System Website (SIMPEG). Previously, the process was conducted manually, leading to various challenges in the efficiency and accuracy of payroll data. In addressing these issues, we designed and implemented SIMPEG using the PHP programming language. The results include a significant improvement in the efficiency of the payroll process, minimizing human errors, and ensuring data accuracy. The use of SIMPEG also provides easy access and data management, making it an effective solution for modernizing employee administration at PDAM Batiwakkal Berau. It is expected that the findings of this research will contribute positively to enhancing performance and transparency in employee payroll data management.