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Sutera Subdistrict is an area affected by floods and landslides, causing significant damage to residential areas. Most houses suffered severe damage and are no longer habitable, making housing relocation a crucial post-disaster response. This study aims to identify settlements located in disaster-prone zones and determine potential land areas for housing relocation in Sutera. The method applied involves scoring and weighting combined with spatial analysis of various physical parameters and disaster vulnerability levels.The results indicate that Sutera Subdistrict has considerable potential land for housing relocation, with the highest potential found in Nagari Amping Parak Timur. However, the physical characteristics of the area and variations in disaster vulnerability require selective and planned land utilization. Disaster vulnerability maps serve as an essential basis for spatial planning and development control, particularly in determining relocation sites. In addition, strengthening mitigation efforts and enhancing community preparedness are necessary to minimize disaster risks and support the development of a safer and more sustainable area.

Malaria remains a major public health challenge in eastern Indonesia, particularly in the remote highland areas Papua, where access to health services is very limited. In early 2008, a suspected malaria outbreak with several deaths was reported in Agisiga District, a remote highland area in Papua. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic results, and mortality patterns of the malaria outbreak as a basis for formulating future control strategies. The outbreak investigation was conducted using a cross-sectional design in Agisiga District from January to March 2008. Capillary blood samples were examined using Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and thin blood smear microscopy. Malaria-related deaths were traced through verbal autopsy methods and interviews with families and community leaders. Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the demographic, clinical, and parasitological characteristics the cases. A total of 92 suspected malaria cases were identified, with the highest proportion coming from Tomosiga Village (52.2%), followed by Bigasiga Village (40.2%) and Agisiga Village (7.6%). Women accounted for 58.7% of all cases, and the most affected age group was 15–35 years (34.8%). Microscopic examination confirmed malaria infection in 55.0% of samples examined, with Plasmodium vivax predominating (45.0%), while the RDT positivity rate was much lower. The malaria outbreak in Agisiga District was characterized by high mortality, delayed diagnosis, and significant gaps in diagnostic capacity, particularly in remote villages. Strengthening the surveillance system, increasing diagnostic capacity, and improving access to timely treatment are crucial steps prevent similar outbreaks and reduce malaria mortality in the Papuan highlands.

This research was conducted in April 2024 in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency. The research location was determined purposively. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the characteristics of tomato farmers in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency; and (2) to analyze the factors influencing tomato production in the same area. The sampling technique employed was a census (saturated sampling), in which all active tomato farmers who were members of farmer groups in Kota Besi Hulu Village were included as respondents. A total of 64 tomato farmers participated in this study. The data collected were analyzed using the Cobb–Douglas production function model. The results of the study in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, indicate important patterns in local farming practices based on data regarding land area, fertilizer use, seed use, pesticide use, and tomato production. The majority of farmers cultivated land ranging from 7,060.12 to 7,614.72 hectares, reflecting a tendency to manage relatively large farm areas. In terms of fertilizer application, most farmers used between 130.05 and 139.53 kilograms, suggesting a preference for higher input levels to achieve optimal yields. Regarding seed use, the dominant range was between 156.04 and 175.36 kilograms, which may contribute to better production outcomes. Pesticide application also showed a dominant pattern within the range of 4,001.72 to 4,878.76 liters, indicating farmers’ primary strategy in controlling pests and diseases.

The factors influencing lowland rice production in Padang City are the focus of this study. The study was conducted through a field survey of lowland rice farmers to obtain primary data relevant to farming activities. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression with the dependent variable being lowland rice production (Y) and independent variables including land area (X₁), seeds (X₂), fertilizer (X₃), labor (X₄), and farming experience (X₅). The research findings show that simultaneously all production factors, including land area, seeds, fertilizer, labor, and farming experience, have a significant effect on lowland rice production in Padang City. Partially, the variables of fertilizer and labor have a significant effect on lowland rice production, while land area, seeds, and farming experience have no significant effect. These findings indicate that the increase in lowland rice production in Padang City is more determined by input intensification efforts, particularly through appropriate fertilization and labor availability, compared to land expansion. As a result, agricultural policies need to be directed at increasing input efficiency to support the productivity and sustainability of rice farming.

Cilacap Regency in Central Java Province is recognized as an important contributor to national food production due to its extensive agricultural land and reliance on technical irrigation systems. The performance of irrigation networks, particularly secondary channels in the Serayu Irrigation Area (DI), is essential in regulating water levels to support agricultural activities in Sampang and Karangasem Villages. Variations in rainfall and field conditions often create water level differences that disrupt irrigation distribution, reducing water flow efficiency to rice fields and lowering productivity, especially during the dry season. This study aims to design secondary irrigation channels capable of maintaining stable water levels based on irrigation requirements. The research applies a descriptive quantitative method using rainfall data from BMKG, along with land area and elevation data interpreted from Google Earth imagery in 2025. The data were analyzed using probability and Thiessen polygon methods to estimate design rainfall, determine water availability, calculate irrigation demand, and plan channel dimensions. The analysis shows that Secondary Channel BGS 4.B serves an irrigation area of 103.57 hectares with a planned discharge capacity of 0.0343 m³/s. The channel design includes a base width of 0.65 meters and a water depth of 0.65 meters, with water surface elevations of 14.27 meters upstream and 13.15 meters downstream. Evaluation using a 10-year rainfall return period of 151.677 mm shows the channel can convey discharge effectively while maintaining water levels below the embankment, ensuring reliable irrigation distribution.

Strategies to increase the income of self -help palm oil farmers can help farmers to increase production yields. This study aims to formulate and obtain strategies in an effort to increase the income of oil palm farmers. This research was conducted in Kalis District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study was carried out from April 5 to May 524. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with case study methods and identified internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) used for the strategy to increase the income of oil palm farmers in the sub -district dull. The variables used in this study were obtained from indicators of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the results of the research results of the collection, processing and analysis of the main internal factors, it is found that the main strength factor of farmers is the status of land ownership and land area owned by farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main weakness of self -help farmers is inadequate access to infrastructure with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.51. For data analysis of the main external factors, it is found that the main opportunity factor of farmers is oil palm can be a term investment for farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main threat of self -help farmers is a long queue at the Palm Oil Mill (PKS) with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.62. The results of processing internal and external data of farmers using the IE matrix show that the position of farmers is in quadrant I, the suitable strategy is an aggressive strategy that can support the growth of oil palm farming.

Peat characteristics include low fertility, high acidity, and poor drainage because it comes from the weathering of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. However, peat has environmental benefits such as absorbing carbon, water buffers, and providing habitat for various unique flora and fauna. The use of peat as agricultural land is widely used by farmers in Pontianak City because it has a very large peatland area with a traditional agricultural system. However, traditional farming will have local knowledge (local wisdom) as a way to minimize damage to the peat ecosystem as an adaptation effort. This study aims to examine the adaptation of peatland management in traditional farming in Pontianak City. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of research samples was 68 farmers. The results of the study showed that traditional farmers have paid attention to the sustainability of their farming to minimize environmental damage. The results of the study showed that the adaptations carried out were making wells to maintain water availability, using short-lived vegetables that require shallow drainage of 20-30 cm and are adaptive to peat, providing intensive shade, planting trees on empty land, cleaning intensive irrigation, providing ameliorant ash, lime, chicken manure intensively, and arranging planting patterns with diversification. The determining factors for peatland management adaptation include age, land area, length of farming, participation of fire-conscious communities, and intensity of participation in outreach.

This research was designed not only to measure the direct impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials on motivation and learning outcomes but also to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of their implementation in the context of a high school in an island area. The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the significant effect of using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials on the learning motivation of Class XII students at SMAN 1 Kepulauan Selayar. And (2) To determine the significant effect of using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials on the learning outcomes of Class XII students at SMAN 1 Kepulauan Selayar. This study uses a quantitative approach through an experimental design to test the hypothesis regarding the significant effect of using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials on student motivation and learning outcomes in Economics. A sample of 30 Class XII students will be randomly selected. Data collection techniques include Questionnaires, Tests, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate (1) A significant and positive effect of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials on the learning motivation of Class XII students at SMAN 1 Kepulauan Selayar. (2) The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital teaching materials (X) significantly influences Economics learning outcomes (Y2).

Brebes Regency is one of the main national centers of shallot production in Indonesia, where agricultural land dynamics play a crucial role in sustaining production performance. Rapid infrastructure development and land-use change have raised concerns regarding the sustainability of shallot cultivation areas. This study aims to analyze spatial–temporal changes in shallot cultivated area and production in Brebes Regency during 2023–2024 and to examine the relationship between land area changes and production levels at the sub-district scale. A descriptive quantitative approach based on spatial analysis was employed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial data consisted of administrative boundary maps, while non-spatial data included shallot cultivated area and production data obtained from the Brebes Regency Office of Agriculture and Food Security. Data integration and analysis were conducted using QGIS through attribute joining and inter-annual comparison. The results indicate that total shallot cultivated area increased from 26,331 ha in 2023 to 28,628 ha in 2024, accompanied by a significant rise in production from 289,942.05 tons to 409,106.90 tons. Spatial analysis reveals that major production centers remain concentrated in the central and northern sub-districts, particularly Wanasari, Larangan, Bulakamba, and Tanjung. Although a positive relationship between land expansion and production increase is evident, variations among sub-districts suggest that productivity and local conditions also play important roles. The findings highlight the effectiveness of GIS-based analysis in supporting spatially informed agricultural land management and policy formulation.

Village entrepreneurship is an initiative designed to stimulate regional economic growth by accelerating the development of rural areas, which have long been perceived as slow, less productive, and lagging behind urban centers. The creation of entrepreneurial villages offers a concrete strategy to enhance community productivity because it encourages all components of the village government, residents, and local institutions to participate in structured and collaborative entrepreneurial activities. Such villages are expected to generate new economic opportunities, strengthen local industries, and increase community independence. However, initial observations from this Community Service program show that partner villages still face significant barriers, including limited land area, geographical remoteness, and inadequate human and natural resources. Many peripheral villages have not yet utilized digital technology effectively, making it difficult to expand markets or access broader economic networks. In addition, challenges related to financial access, limited talent development, socio-cultural constraints, and weak market infrastructure continue to hinder economic progress. These conditions demonstrate the urgent need for strategic assistance, capacity-building programs, and stronger support systems to help villages transform into sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems capable of contributing to long-term regional development.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the income levels of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, Sipahutar Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency. The research focuses on several key variables, namely land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience, which are presumed to be associated with farmers’ income. A quantitative research approach was employed, using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of each variable on the income of pineapple farmers. The population of this study comprised all pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, with a sample of 65 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews and structured questionnaires designed in accordance with the research objectives. The results of the data analysis indicate that, simultaneously, land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience have a significant effect on the income of pineapple farmers. However, the partial test results reveal that only land size has a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income. Meanwhile, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience do not show a statistically significant influence. These findings indicate that land size is the dominant factor in determining the income level of pineapple farmers in the study area. Therefore, improving access to agricultural land or optimizing the utilization of existing land is an important strategy for increasing the income of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village.

Muaro Jambi Regency is one of the main centers of smallholder oil palm plantations that plays an important role in the economy of Jambi Province through its contribution to crude palm oil (CPO) exports and tax revenues. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics and the effects of land area (X1), plant age (X2), forest and land fire impacts (X3), labor (X4), and fertilizer use (X5) on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of smallholder oil palm in Kumpeh District. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data collected through a survey of 139 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25. The results show that the average characteristics of farmers include an age of 44 years, an average of 2 dependents, land area of 2 hectares, plant age of 10 years, high fire impact scores, labor use of 2 workers, fertilizer use of 1,120 kg, and production of 20,000 kg. The regression results indicate that land area, plant age, and fertilizer use have a significant effect on production, while labor and forest and land fires do not have a significant effect on smallholder oil palm production.

This research analyzes land cover changes in the Langge Sub-watershed, Tapa District, Bone Bolango Regency, over five years from 2019 to 2023. Population growth and increasing land needs are driving significant land use changes. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with spatial analysis using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The analysis results show significant changes in land cover, with water body areas decreasing from 28.50 ha to 21.69 ha, settlements dropping from 55.45 ha to 52.02 ha, and secondary forests experiencing a drastic decline from 462.83 ha to 319.13 ha. Meanwhile, dryland areas increased from 172.24 ha to 227.17 ha, and shrubland experienced a significant increase from 121.07 ha to 247.91 ha. The decline in secondary forest cover is a significant concern because it negatively impacts environmental quality and potentially increases the risk of disasters such as floods and erosion. This research underscores the importance of sustainable management for maintaining ecosystem function and minimizing the negative impacts of land cover change.

This study analyzes the impact of urban sprawl on groundwater reserves in Kendari City using the platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) with analysis period of 2000 and 2024. Urban sprawl is characterized by an increase in built-up land area estimated through the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), while groundwater reserves are projected through estimated baseflow groundwater runoff obtained from FLDAS ( Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System ) data. The results show a significant increase in NDBI values from 2000 to 2024, indicating a massive expansion of built-up areas. Conversely, baseflow values have decreased consistently, with the average baseflow decreasing from 0.00002685 kg/m²/s (2000) to 0.00001894 kg/m²/s (2024), reflecting pressure on the aquifer system due to reduced infiltration areas. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant weak negative effect between NDBI and baseflow in 2000 (r = -0.219; p-value = 0), which changed to a weak positive effect in 2024 (r = 0.126; p-value = 0), indicating a shift in hydrological dynamics due to the accumulated impacts of urbanization. This finding confirms that urban sprawl has reduced groundwater recharge capacity and threatened the sustainability of clean water supplies. The study recommends the need for sustainable spatial planning policies and groundwater conservation strategies to mitigate these negative impacts.

Desa Kareo, Serang Regency, faces environmental challenges due to the dominance of industrial activities, resulting in a lack of green spaces and increased air temperatures. This situation prompted the implementation of a greening program as a form of community service to support the improvement of the village's environmental quality. The program was carried out using a participatory approach, involving residents in identifying critical land areas, planting seedlings (BIVIT), and post-planting maintenance. Greening efforts focused on open lands, roadside areas, and public facilities that were previously barren. The results showed an improvement in the visual comfort of the environment, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in preserving the plants. These findings confirm that locally collaborative greening initiatives have significant potential to restore environmental quality, especially in areas heavily impacted by industrial activities. Reforestation efforts focused on previously barren open spaces, roadsides, and public facilities. These previously unproductive lands now serve as green spaces that provide ecological benefits, such as carbon sequestration and improved air quality. Furthermore, tree planting has a positive impact on lowering local temperatures, a crucial issue given the increasing temperature levels associated with urbanization and industrial activity. The reforestation program demonstrated significant improvements in environmental visual comfort, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in caring for the planted plants. The community members involved in the program demonstrated a sense of ownership of their environment and a commitment to maintaining the sustainability of the planted plants. These findings confirm that reforestation initiatives involving local collaboration have significant potential to restore environmental quality, particularly in areas impacted by industrial activity. With this program, it is hoped that the quality of life of the Kareo Village community will improve as the ecological balance in the area is maintained.

Clean water distribution in the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Kuwasen Lama Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, faces the challenge of unequal supply between highland and lowland areas. The main factors that affect these conditions include differences in topography, suboptimal piping network design, and unbalanced water pressure, especially during peak hours. This research proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology using the ESP32 module as a control center, which is integrated with the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and control of the system. The system is equipped with a water flow sensor, water level sensor, motorized valve, and booster pump to increase water pressure in high elevation areas. Two design schemes were tested, namely flow regulation using a motorized valve, and a combination of a motorized valve with a booster pump. The results of the simulation and implementation showed an increase in water pressure stability, equitable distribution, and a decrease in the frequency of supply disruptions. The system also allows for live monitoring of network conditions, facilitates technical decision-making, and improves operational efficiency. With an adaptive and community participation-based approach, this solution has the potential to become a model for PAMSIMAS clean water distribution management that is efficient, sustainable, and responsive to geographical challenges, while strengthening the resilience of clean water services in rural areas.

Flooding is a hydrometeorological disaster that frequently occurs in Jayapura City, especially in the catchment areas along the Acai River Basin. One of the main factors causing flooding is increased sedimentation triggered by massive land-use changes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between land conversion, increased sedimentation, and flooding in the catchment areas belonging to the Acai River during the period 2014–2024. The method used is a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative, qualitative, and spatial analysis. Data were collected through satellite image interpretation, field surveys, sedimentation measurements, and interviews with the community and related agencies. Spatial analysis was conducted to identify the dynamics of land-use changes and sedimentation zoning. Meanwhile, hydrological analysis was conducted using the Mononobe method and rational calculations to calculate the maximum flood discharge based on annual rainfall and runoff coefficient. The results of the study indicate that over the past decade there has been an increase in built-up land area of ​​more than 80%, which has resulted in an increase in runoff coefficients from 0.223 in 2014 to 0.370 in 2024. The maximum flood discharge has also increased significantly from 60.56 m³/s to 100.41 m³/s. Furthermore, river sedimentation has also increased drastically, especially in the middle and downstream parts of the watershed. The correlation map shows that areas experiencing significant land use conversion are also locations with high sedimentation levels and recurrent flooding. These findings indicate a strong link between land use conversion and increased flood risk through sedimentation mechanisms that provide river channel capacity. Therefore, an integrated watershed management strategy is needed, including controlling land use conversion and restoring riverbank vegetation to minimize the impact of future flooding.

The provision of clean water is a basic necessity and a fundamental responsibility of the government as a form of public accountability. Clean water not only plays a crucial role in supporting daily life but also directly affects public health, education, and economic productivity. However, the condition in Tanjung Melagan Island, located in the hinterland area of Batam City, still shows serious issues regarding access to clean water. Limited infrastructure, remote geographical location, and the lack of policy intervention are the main obstacles faced by the local community. This study aims to analyze the responsibility of the Batam City Government in providing clean water using J. Spiro’s accountability theory, which highlights three main indicators: accountability, obligation, and causality. This research employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies. Informants in this study include officials from the Department of Human Settlements and Spatial Planning of Batam City, the Head of Galang Baru Subdistrict, and local residents of Tanjung Melagan Island. The results of the study indicate that the accountability of the Batam City Government in the provision of clean water has not been carried out substantively. Although formal forums such as Development Planning Meetings (Musrenbang) exist, their implementation remains procedural and does not fully absorb the aspirations and needs of the local population. The government's obligation to provide clean water is acknowledged normatively, but its realization often faces technical constraints, complex bureaucracy, and the delegation of responsibilities to non-governmental institutions. Furthermore, several underlying causes of this weak accountability were identified, including limited budgetary resources, poor inter-agency coordination, and low levels of community literacy and participation in planning and monitoring processes. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening the role and capacity of local governments in providing essential services such as clean water, especially in underdeveloped and remote regions, to ensure that the principle of social justice is truly realized.

Clove is one of the plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the national economy, particularly as a raw material for the kretek cigarette industry, as well as the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing clove production in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. The independent variables used in this study include labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer, while clove production serves as the dependent variable. A quantitative approach was employed using a multiple linear regression analysis in the form of a power function. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 clove farmers as respondents. The results of the study indicate that labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production in Bengkel Village. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on production. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the use of these production factors to improve clove yields in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency.

SMA Negeri 12 Surabaya (SMAN 12 Surabaya), known as "SMANDALAS," was established in 1982. Initially, learning activities were carried out in the SDN Pakal 1 No. 119 building, Benowo, for one year while waiting for the construction of the permanent building to be completed. The new building began to be used on December 9, 1983, in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 377/104.1.1/E5.83/SK. Currently, SMAN 12 Surabaya is located at Jl. Sememi Kidul No. 1, Benowo District, West Surabaya. This school has a land area of approximately 30,000 m² and is equipped with various facilities to support learning activities both inside and outside the classroom such as classrooms, laboratories, libraries, mosques, playgrounds, school forests, school gardens, ceremonial fields, sports fields, green open spaces, art rooms and others. This school is also equipped with adequate bathroom facilities for all school residents, a health unit room, meeting room, hall, green house, fish pond, fish pond and school garden. MAN 12 has achieved many achievements in both academic and non-academic fields. This is inseparable from the good cooperation between school leaders, teachers, employees, students and guardians. Every leader who leads at SMAN 12 Surabaya has a program that supports the achievements of students and teachers. In 2025, SMAN 12 Surabaya will become a pilot project for the "Food School Care" program as an implementation to support the national food security program. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Self Leadership, Work Ability, Organizational Climate on Burnout and Teacher Performance at SMAN 12 Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data sources obtained from distributing questionnaires. The population of the study were teachers at SMAN 12 Surabaya. The selection of respondents was carried out using the saturated non-probability sampling method with a total of 74 respondents. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results of the study showed that the variables of self-leadership, work ability, and organizational climate had an effect on burnout and teacher performance at SMAN 12 Surabaya.