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This paper examines the determinants of income inequality within the SDGs framework in Riau Province. Utilizing BPS secondary data from 2018–2025 across 12 regencies/cities, data were estimated using te random effect modelapproach applied to panel regresiion in EViews 12. F-test finding indicate that-HDI, LN_GRDP, and our jointly and  significant influences on the Gini Ratio (R2 = 39.68%). Partially (t-test), HDI has a significant positive effect due to labor polarization in modern sectors. Conversely, LN_GRDP has a significant negative effect, confirming a trickle-down effect in reducing inequality. Meanwhile, OUR has no significant effect due to high labor absorption in Riau's informal agricultural and plantation sectors.

One key measure of a region's economic growth is the employment rate, as it reflects the ability of the economy to absorb labor and improve community welfare. In Jambi Province, employment opportunities are influenced by several factors, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze the effects of GRDP, population growth, and HDI on employment growth rates across regencies and cities in Jambi Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis covering 11 regencies and cities during the period 2017–2023. The findings indicate that GRDP growth, population growth, and HDI simultaneously influence employment levels. Partially, population growth and HDI have significant effects on employment, indicating that improvements in human development and demographic dynamics contribute to labor absorption. Meanwhile, economic growth, as measured by GRDP, has a relatively small negative effect on employment. This suggests that economic expansion does not always generate proportional employment opportunities, possibly due to structural changes and technological developments. Therefore, policies aimed at improving human capital and labor market conditions are essential to support sustainable employment growth in Jambi Province.

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that remains a major development challenge in Central Tapanuli Regency. Growth in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), increased realization of Foreign Direct Investment (PMA) and Domestic Direct Investment (PMDN), and zakat collection should be important instruments in reducing poverty rates. However, data from 2019–2023 shows a discrepancy, where the growth in these macroeconomic and social indicators is not accompanied by a decrease in the number of poor people. This study aims to analyze the influence of zakat, GRDP, PMA, and PMDN on poverty levels in Central Tapanuli Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with secondary data from BPS, BAZNAS, and BKPM as well as interviews with relevant parties. The results show that zakat does contribute to alleviating the burden on mustahik, but its role is still limited because the majority of distribution is consumptive. GRDP increased from Rp9.95 trillion in 2019 to Rp13.67 trillion in 2023, but the resulting economic growth is not yet inclusive. Foreign direct investment (FDI) tends to be oriented towards large capital with limited labor absorption, while domestic direct investment (PMDN) is closer to local needs but still less than optimal in poverty alleviation. Overall, the increase in zakat, GRDP, FDI, and PMDN has not been able to reduce the poverty rate, which actually increased from 376,474 people in 2019 to 489,760 people in 2023. Thus, a more inclusive development strategy, optimization of productive zakat, and investment policies that favor labor-intensive sectors and MSMEs are needed so that economic growth truly impacts poverty reduction.

Unemployment remains a serious challenge in Aceh, with an Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) of 8.24% (2025) in Lhokseumawe City and 6.54% (2025) in Banda Aceh City. This study compares the implementation and effectiveness of unemployment alleviation policies in the two cities using Van Meter and Van Horn's policy implementation framework with four effectiveness indicators: training absorption, job placement rate, corporate compliance, and community participation. A descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from journals, theses, and official documents. The findings show that Banda Aceh focuses on competency-based training through the Job Training Center (BLK) with certification and third-party partnerships. Lhokseumawe prioritizes Qanun Number 1 of 2020 on local labor priority (minimum 40%). Based on the indicators, Banda Aceh is more effective (55% of graduates employed) compared to Lhokseumawe, where local labor priority implementation is weak due to the absence of sanctions and non-existent coordination with PT. PAG. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic comparison of two Acehnese cities using a policy implementation model that integrates demographic bonus and local context. Specific recommendations: Banda Aceh needs to expand BLK capacity, extend training duration (9–12 months with internships), and mandate graduate absorption reports. Lhokseumawe needs to revise the qanun by adding administrative sanctions, recruit permanent instructors, establish a tripartite supervisory team, and establish an energy-sector BLK in the Arun area in collaboration with PT PAG.

This study aims to analyze the unemployment rate in Indonesia during the 2024–2025 period using a linear regression approach based on data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). The variables used include the labor force, employed population, labor force participation rate (LFPR), and open unemployment rate (OUR). The results show that the labor force increased from 149.38 million in February 2024 to 155.27 million in November 2025, followed by an increase in employed population from 142.18 million to 147.91 million in the same period. Meanwhile, the open unemployment rate decreased from 4.76 percent in February 2025 to 4.74 percent in November 2025. The analysis indicates that the increase in labor force accompanied by higher employment absorption contributes to reducing unemployment, although the decline remains relatively small. Overall, the regression results show that labor market dynamics are influenced by the interaction between labor force growth and the economy’s capacity to absorb labor.

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of wage levels, economic growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on income inequality through labor absorption in the Districts/Cities of Jambi Province from 2020-2024. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model approach.  The analysis method used Eviews 12. The results showed of that partially, income inequality in the Districts/Cities of Jambi Province is significant positive influenced by the wage level variable, while economic growth does not have a significant effect on income inequality. In addition, the Human Development Index (HDI) has a significant negative effect on income inequality. This implies that wage increases are actually followed by in income inequality. Meanwhile, economic growth has not been able to provide a broad income redistribution effect. Conversely, improving the quality of human development proves to be the most effective factor, as it is capable of significant reducing inequalirt levels. Simultaneously, the results show that the variables of wage levels, economic growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI) collectively have a significant influence on income inequality in Districts/Cities of Jambi Province.

This study aims to analyze the externalities of the existence and activities of black grass jelly household crafts on labor absorption and the environment in Gampong Jawa. The study uses primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. Data collection used a simple random sampling technique with 65 respondents. The model used in this study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method with results measurement using a Likert scale. The results of the study indicate that the activities of black grass jelly household crafts in Gampong Jawa, Langsa City provide positive externalities on labor absorption with a labor absorption aspect index value of 77.54%. The environmental aspect index value was obtained with a total value of 76.51% which means that it is agreed that the activities of black grass jelly household crafts in Gampong Jawa, Langsa City provide a relatively smaller negative effect/externality, which is only 23.49%.  

Oil palm plantations constitute a leading subsector that plays a strategic role in regional economic development, particularly in Nagan Raya Regency, which is predominantly based on the agricultural sector. This study aims to analyze the role of the oil palm plantation subsector in promoting regional economic development using the Economic Base Theory as an analytical approach. A descriptive qualitative method with a literature study was employed. The data used consist of longitudinal secondary data for the period 2019–2024, sourced from official publications of Statistics Indonesia, regional development planning documents, and relevant scientific articles. The results show that the agricultural sector, dominated by the oil palm plantation subsector, makes a large and relatively stable contribution to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Nagan Raya Regency, thereby qualifying it as a basic sector. This subsector also plays an important role in employment absorption, particularly in rural areas. However, the substantial economic contribution and labor absorption have not been fully accompanied by equitable improvements in community welfare, as indicated by the relatively slow decline in poverty rates. This condition suggests that the economic multiplier effect of the oil palm plantation subsector has not yet been optimal due to limited downstream activities and low value-added processing at the regional level. The study concludes that strengthening downstream industries and intersectoral linkages is necessary to ensure that the role of oil palm plantations can more effectively support inclusive and sustainable regional economic development.

This study analyzes the economic dynamics and development of the tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province during the 2015–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis is carried out through descriptive statistical methods and trend analysis to capture changes and patterns over time. The variables examined include regional economic growth, the number of tourist visits, road infrastructure development, labor absorption, and hotel occupancy rates across five districts/cities in the province. The findings indicate that the economy of DIY demonstrates relatively strong resilience in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, supported by gradual recovery in tourism-related activities. The development and operation of Yogyakarta International Airport have significantly contributed to economic growth in Kulon Progo Regency, particularly by improving accessibility and investment opportunities. The tourism sector continues to serve as the main economic driver in the region, with tourist visits largely concentrated in Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City, while Gunungkidul Regency shows considerable potential for nature-based tourism development. Overall, the study concludes that equitable infrastructure development and the strengthening of the service sector are crucial to ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

The development of industrial areas has direct implications for surrounding buffer villages, including Plenen Village, which is adjacent to the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate (KITB)/Batang Industropolis Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The main issue identified is the suboptimal utilization of industrial development opportunities to improve local community welfare. This study aims to analyze the synergy between village government and industrial areas in empowering the community of Plenen Village. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis, and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that synergy between the village government and industrial area has been established through program coordination, facilitation of local labor absorption, and social support via corporate social responsibility programs. However, such synergy remains partial and has not been institutionally integrated, resulting in limited impact on community empowerment. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative governance and joint planning is essential to ensure that industrial development provides more inclusive and sustainable benefits for buffer village communities.

This research aims to analyze the role of the Special Job Exchange (BKK) in increasing the absorption of Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in the world of work. BKK is one of the units that supports the labor absorption process by connecting the world of education and the world of industry. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving primary data through in-depth interviews with BKK, alumni and collaborating companies. The research results show that BKK has a significant role in facilitating Palembang City State Vocational School alumni in obtaining employment opportunities. Apart from that, BKK also provides training and information regarding job vacancies that are relevant to the skills possessed by alumni. However, several challenges are still faced, such as a lack of certain skills needed by companies and limited collaboration networks with the industrial world. This research recommends the need to improve the quality of training and expand the cooperation network between vocational schools and the industrial world to increase the effectiveness of BKK in accelerating workforce absorption.  

During the coal stockpiling process, the quality of coal may increase or decrease due to direct exposure to open environmental conditions, which can lead to changes in its characteristics. The longer the coal is stored in an open area, the more it undergoes changes caused by rainfall, heat, and air exposure, resulting in an increase in moisture content and ash content, while the calorific value decreases. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimal coal stockpiling duration at the ROM coal stockpile to ensure that the calorific value does not significantly decrease. Coal sampling was carried out every two days from the initial time of stockpiling. After a two-month stockpiling period, the final coal quality results showed a total moisture of 13.89% (ar), inherent moisture of 15.95% (ad), ash content of 4.59% (ad), volatile matter of 40.3% (ad), and fixed carbon of 39.16% (ad). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the recommended storage duration for MCV-HS type coal at the ROM coal stockpile is 154 days. The laboratory analysis results obtained during the research indicate that the longer the coal is stored, the higher the moisture content and ash content become, while the calorific value continues to decrease. This occurs due to water absorption and oxidation reactions that take place during the coal storage period in the ROM coal stockpile.

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the effect of four-wheeled vehicle production and imports on the unemployment rate in West Java Province during the 2016–2023 period. The background of the study stems from the fluctuating conditions of vehicle production and imports, as well as West Java's unemployment rate, which tends to be higher than the national average. The study employed a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Indonesian Association of Indonesian Automotive Manufacturers (GAIKINDO). The analytical method used was multiple linear regression to determine the simultaneous and partial effects between variables. The results show that four-wheeled vehicle production and imports simultaneously have a significant effect on the unemployment rate. Partially, four-wheeled vehicle production has a significant negative effect, meaning that increased production can reduce the unemployment rate in West Java. Conversely, four-wheeled vehicle imports have no significant effect on the unemployment rate, so increased imports do not directly affect labor absorption. The coefficient of determination of 83.4% indicates that production and imports contribute significantly to explaining variations in the unemployment rate. These research findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the automotive industry sector as a strategy to reduce unemployment in West Java.

Job opportunities are available for prospective workers who are looking for work. The existence of job opportunities in an area will greatly open up opportunities for labor absorption, such as opening job opportunities for local inter-worker (AKL) workers, which is the placement of workers between regencies/cities working within one province. The research method used in this study is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation at the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office. All data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with all data collected using the theory of Fred R. David (2019), namely Strategy Implementation with 3 variables, namely Strategy Development, Human Resource Allocation, and Determining Budget Funds. Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be seen that the Pematang Siantar City Manpower Office has attempted to provide the best solution by designing several programs to provide more job opportunities. Viewed from the development strategy perspective, the Manpower Office has realized several work programs such as job fair events held, competency-based training programs that are already running, and focusing on information about the labor market. The analysis revealed several shortcomings, including the government's inconsistency in implementing the program. Furthermore, the government's human resource allocation has been unable to improve the quality of human resources, particularly in Pematang Siantar City. Furthermore, the government's budget allocation has been ineffective in determining appropriate funding, resulting in limited funding and ineffective program implementation.

This study investigates the impact of population growth and the Human Development Index (HDI) on economic growth and unemployment in East Kalimantan Province using path analysis with secondary data from 2014–2023. Population growth and human development are two critical demographic and socio-economic factors that often generate complex effects on regional economic performance. The results indicate that population growth has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, highlighting the pressure that rapid demographic expansion places on natural resources, infrastructure, and employment absorption capacity. Conversely, HDI demonstrates a positive and significant relationship with economic growth, suggesting that improvements in education, health, and income contribute to higher productivity and competitiveness. On the other hand, the direct effect of population growth and HDI on unemployment is negative but statistically insignificant, which implies that the availability of jobs and structural conditions of the labor market are more influential than demographic changes alone. Interestingly, economic growth shows a negative and significant effect on unemployment, supporting the classical theory that sustained economic expansion generates employment opportunities and reduces joblessness. Mediation tests reveal that economic growth does not significantly mediate the relationship between population growth or HDI and unemployment, underscoring that unemployment dynamics in East Kalimantan are influenced by broader structural factors such as sectoral concentration, policy effectiveness, and industrial diversification. These findings highlight the importance of integrating demographic management, human capital development, and sectoral economic strategies in policy formulation. Strengthening human development while controlling excessive population growth can provide a solid foundation for inclusive and sustainable economic progress in East Kalimantan.

This study aims to analyze the significance level of the influence of minimum wages and inflation on labor absorption in Indonesia. The research applies a quantitative approach with field research design using secondary data in the form of time series published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the period 1993–2023. Data collection was carried out through documentation methods, while data analysis employed multiple linear regression processed using EViews 12 software.The results indicate that, partially, the minimum wage variable has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption in Indonesia. This finding suggests that an increase in the minimum wage contributes to higher employment absorption during the study period. In contrast, the inflation variable shows a positive relationship but does not significantly affect labor absorption. This implies that rising inflation does not directly reduce or increase employment opportunities in a statistically significant manner. Simultaneously, minimum wages and inflation jointly have a significant impact on labor absorption.These findings highlight the crucial role of wage policy in maintaining labor market stability, while the effect of inflation tends to be indirect. Therefore, the government is expected to formulate adaptive minimum wage policies that take inflation into account to create a balance between workers’ welfare and the sustainability of employment opportunities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the Trade and Processing Industry Sectors and Services on the Amount of Labor Absorption in Samarinda City and Balikpapan City. This study uses panel data from 2013 – 2022 in the two cities of Samarinda and Balikapapan using secondary data. Data analysis used a dummy variable multiple linear regression model using SPSS (Statistical Program Social Science) version 23. The results of this study indicate that the GRDP variables in the trade, manufacturing and service sectors together have a significant effect on the amount of labor absorption. The Trade Sector Variable partially has a significant positive effect on Total Labor Absorption. The Processing Industry Sector Variable partially has no significant effect on Total Labor Absorption. And the Service Sector Variable partially has a significant negative effect on Total Labor Absorption.

This study investigates the influence of economic growth, investment, and minimum wage on the open unemployment rate across districts and cities in East Kalimantan Province. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with panel data regression analysis, processed using EViews 13 software. Model selection was carried out through the Chow and Hausman tests, which identified the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the most appropriate estimation technique. The study utilizes secondary data from 2018 to 2024, obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of East Kalimantan Province. The empirical findings demonstrate that economic growth exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on the open unemployment rate, indicating that higher economic growth effectively contributes to reducing unemployment in the region. Foreign Investment (PMA) is found to have a negative but insignificant effect, suggesting that inflows of foreign capital alone do not directly translate into job creation unless accompanied by supporting policies and local labor absorption capacity. In contrast, Domestic Investment (PMDN) shows a positive yet statistically insignificant relationship with unemployment, reflecting the possibility that domestic investments may not always generate sufficient employment opportunities in the short term due to structural constraints or sectoral imbalances. Furthermore, the minimum wage variable has a negative and significant effect on the open unemployment rate, implying that increases in the regional minimum wage can stimulate greater employment absorption and improve labor market conditions. Overall, the results highlight the importance of fostering sustained economic growth and designing investment policies that are more labor-intensive to optimize employment creation. Additionally, the findings emphasize the strategic role of minimum wage policy in supporting job opportunities while safeguarding workers’ welfare.

Rabbit skin is one by-product that can be utilized for its aesthetic value through a tanning process so that the skin is resistant to destructive bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Furtigh is the strengthening of fur in the tanning process, in this research the furtigh process uses formalin so that rabbit fur is stronger and lasts longer. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate concentration of formalin and storage length used in rabbit fur tanning in the terms of pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. The method used in this research is a laboratory experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a nested design consisting of 4 treatment and repeated 4 times each. This treatment used formalin of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Variables tested included pliability, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption. Processing data using analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that different usage of formalin exerted significant influence (P<0,05) on the tear elasticity of tanned rabbit furs with a result of F1: 29,76%; F2: 32,85%; F3: 41,70%; F4: 41,88%. Different concentration usage of formalin have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin tensile strength fur tanning with a results of F1: 36.63 N/mm2; F2: 39.69 N/mm2; F3: 43.81 N/mm2; F4: 48.36 N/mm2. Fur loss test showed that the use of different formalin exerted highly significant influence (P<0.01) of tanned rabbit fur loss with a result of F1: 4.15; F2: 3.78; F3: 3.49; F4: 3.40. Water absorption test that the use of different formalin concentration have highly significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.01) with water absorption with a result of F1: 192.12%; F2: 217.95%; F3: 237.85%; F4: 238.27% on 2 hours of water absorption. Storage length did not have significant influence of tanned rabbit fur (P<0.05) on rabbit skin elasticity, tensile strength, fur loss and water absorption.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the number of industrial companies, both large-medium and micro-small, with labor absorption in Sidoarjo Regency during the period 2020 to 2023. Sidoarjo Regency, which has a rapidly growing industrial sector, is the location of the study with a focus on the contribution of the industrial sector to reducing unemployment and improving community welfare. The results of the study show that the number of large-medium industrial companies has a significant effect on labor absorption, especially in sectors that require skilled labor. Meanwhile, micro-small industries tend to absorb lower-skilled labor, with most of them in the informal sector. Although there has been an increase in the number of industries, its impact on labor absorption is not always comparable, this is influenced by external factors such as government policies, technological developments, and the quality of the available workforce. Labor absorption also differs by age group, with younger age groups being absorbed more in micro-small industries and older age groups being absorbed more in large-medium industries. This study also shows that sub-districts with better infrastructure have higher labor absorption rates. The suggestion from this research is to improve policies that support equitable industrial development, as well as strengthen skills training programs according to industry needs to increase labor absorption.