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The development of social media has brought significant changes in how individuals perceive themselves, especially among female university students who are in the stage of identity formation. Social media is not only used as a communication tool but also as a space that presents homogeneous beauty standards which can influence self-perception. This study aims to analyze the construction of beauty standards on social media and their impact on female students’ self-perception. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method by analyzing 20  relevant academic articles published between 2020 and 2025. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that beauty standards on social media are constructed through repeated visual representations and reinforced by algorithmic systems, creating an idealized image of beauty. This condition encourages female students to engage in social comparison, leading to self-dissatisfaction and decreased self-confidence. However, these effects vary depending on individuals’ ability to filter and interpret information. This study highlights the importance of developing critical awareness in social media use to avoid being influenced by unrealistic beauty standards.

This study aims to formulate an integrated Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategy that synthesizes the acculturation of Islam Nusantara and ecological ethics as a response to the fragmented character of conventional PAI learning which has not yet optimally integrated local cultural values and ecological awareness. This research employs a qualitative library research method with a systematic literature review approach, analyzing 28 primary sources selected from 67 identified literature published between 2019 and 2025. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis through six stages: familiarization, initial coding, theme searching, theme reviewing, theme defining, and report writing. The findings reveal that Islam Nusantara contains three relevant pedagogical principles cultural humility (tawadu' budaya), cosmological inclusivity, and peaceful transformation while Islamic teachings hold rich ecotheological dimensions through the concepts of ecological tauhid, khalifah fi al-ardh, amanah, and rahmatan lil 'alamin. Based on this synthesis, four integrated learning strategies are formulated: Contextual-Cultural Learning, Eco-Thematic Quranic Interpretation, Community-Based Ecological Projects, and Ecological Spiritual Reflection. This study proposes a new conceptual framework termed "PAI Nusantara-Ekologis," which positions students not merely as ritually devout individuals but as responsible stewards (khalifah) of the earth.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of peer pressure as a factor that forms problematic behavior in adolescents. This study uses a literature review method with more than 19 relevant journals. The selected journals followed inclusion criteria that focused on adolescents, peer pressure, and problematic behaviors within a specific time frame. The results of the study showed that peer pressure contributes to problematic behaviors such as aggressive behavior and social violence (bullying, cyberbullying, aggressiveness, disruptive behavior), addictive and health-risking behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption/drinking behavior), violations of academic/school norms (truancy, juvenile delinquency), online/sexual risky behavior (cybersex), and internal psychological problems (decreased self-confidence). The psychosocial dynamics found included the need for acceptance, group conformity, low self-control, and weak family support. These influences can be direct or indirect through the internalization of group values. These findings confirm that problematic behaviors are not formed singularly, but from complex interactions between individual factors and the social environment. Therefore, prevention efforts require a collaborative approach between families, schools, and the community.

The phenomena of cyberbullying and digital intolerance among young people are increasingly alarming in the era of technological disruption, and Christian Religious Education (CRE) is called to provide an adequate pedagogical response to this ethical crisis. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Emmanuel Levinas's ethics of responsibility toward the Other for the formation of students' digital character within CRE, and to formulate a pedagogical framework capable of transforming students' digital behavior from egocentric tendencies toward persons who uphold human dignity. A qualitative method with a library research design was employed, utilizing thematic content analysis of relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that Levinas's concepts of the face (le visage) and asymmetrical responsibility hold profound relevance for CRE, as they directly challenge the egocentric logic underlying destructive behavior in digital spaces. The pedagogical framework of CRE is formulated through three pillars: face-to-face pedagogy, alterity-based digital ethics literacy, and spirituality of responsibility as the foundation of transformation. The implications of this study affirm that CRE holds strategic potential to become a space for cultivating digital moral resilience, grounded in the affirmation of imago Dei and a transformative relational ethics.

This study uses an integrated analysis of positive law and Islamic law at Polres Bungo to investigate the reconstruction of sanctions for juvenile offenders during the investigation stage. Empirical trends suggest a procedural and administrative orientation that may restrict substantive rehabilitation, even though Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act) formally adopts restorative justice, diversion, and the best interests of the child as guiding principles. Using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates statutory, theological-normative (shar‘i), and historical considerations, this study uses a normative qualitative design based on library research. The theoretical framework incorporates maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as a normative evaluation instrument, legal effectiveness theory, and punishment theories. The findings reveal a conceptual convergence between Indonesian positive law and Islamic criminal jurisprudence in differentiating criminal responsibility based on maturity and prioritizing rehabilitation over retribution. There are still differences, nevertheless, when it comes to age criteria and the classification of sanctions: Islamic law places more emphasis on moral and biological maturity (baligh and tamyīz), whereas positive law focuses on strict legislative boundaries. The predominance of formal legality over psychosocial assessment at the investigative level runs the risk of undermining rehabilitative goals. In order to maintain proportionality and child protection, this study suggests a reconstructive paradigm that operationalizes maqāṣid-based principles, combines thorough psychological evaluation, and improves diversion measures. In addition to realistically advancing the creation of a more equitable, rehabilitative, and child-centered investigative framework, the research theoretically advances the conversation about harmonizing state and Islamic law.

The increasing demand for housing in tropical regions requires building materials that are fast to apply, environmentally friendly, and resilient to extreme climate conditions as well as disaster risks. Conventional interlocking bricks are often chosen for their ease of construction, yet they still face challenges such as moisture and early cracking. This study proposes the innovation of the Hybrid Living Green Brick, a combination of lightweight bricks made from rice husk ash and fly ash waste (FRCB) with a biological layer of cyanobacteria. FRCB improves compressive strength by approximately 30% with the addition of 5% rice husk ash, achieving 65 kg/cm², thereby meeting Class 50 requirements (≥50 kg/cm²) according to SNI-15-2094-2000. The incorporation of 3% cyanobacteria provides an additional though not significant strength improvement, while still within the Class 50 category. It also reduces brick weight by 4.3%, with further optimization potential through cyanobacteria integration, and lowers carbon emissions from the firing process. Cyanobacteria induce the formation of CaCO₃ layers that seal pores, reduce water absorption by an average of 10%, and provide self-healing properties for microcracks. Preliminary observations indicate that FRCB offers stable mechanical performance, while biological activity was observed on the 7th day with the formation of pale-white mineral layers continuing until the 28th day. This hybrid innovation shows potential to support sustainable and disaster-resilient tropical construction by combining the mechanical strength of waste-based materials with the biological durability of cyanobacteria against extreme climates. Despite challenges related to moisture control and production standardization, the Hybrid Living Green Brick concept opens new pathways for developing environmentally friendly construction materials that are more adaptive to disaster-prone tropical conditions.

Advances in information technology have ushered society into the new media era, where social media is not just an information tool but also a new social space for teenagers. Instagram, as a visual-based platform, plays a significant role in shaping the reality of ideal lifestyles. Teenagers, who are in the process of discovering their identities, are susceptible to the influence of influencers and aesthetically constructed lifestyle trends on social media. This often triggers a shift in consumption patterns from functional to symbolic needs. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects consisted of 10 students from the 2025 class of International Women University in Bandung, aged 18-20. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction and presentation. The findings indicate that all subjects are active social media users, spending 4 to 9 hours per day. They use Instagram as a means of building their personal branding and seeking lifestyle references. There is a tendency for consumer behavior driven by four main factors: peer influence and the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon, the use of goods as symbols of social identity (sign value), exposure to persuasive content from opinion leaders or influencers, and consumption as psychological compensation (self-reward) to relieve academic stress. Students tend to make impulsive purchases of viral fashion, beauty, and culinary products to gain social recognition online.

This research aims to analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations in Indonesia, as well as to examine the enforcement of criminal law against these crimes based on applicable positive law. However, in practice, demonstrations are often accompanied by anarchic actions in the form of arson and destruction of public facilities that harm the public interest and disrupt public order. The urgency of this research lies in the need to ensure that criminal liability and criminal law enforcement for acts of arson and destruction of public facilities are carried out individually and proportionally in accordance with the provisions of the old Criminal Code and the National Criminal Code, in order to prevent the general application of criminal law to participants in demonstrations. The results of the first study indicate that criminal liability for perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations has basically been regulated in the old Criminal Code and then updated in the National Criminal Code, especially regarding the crimes of arson and destruction of property. While the second enforcement of criminal law against these acts requires proportional and individual application, even though it is carried out in the context of collective mass action.

This study examines the role of agents in the renewal process of cargo ship construction safety certificates at the Merak Banten Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP), using a case study of PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies, Merak Branch. The study aimed to determine the role of agency companies in assisting shipowners in fulfilling certification obligations and to examine certificate renewal procedures in accordance with legal provisions and shipping safety standards. The research methods employed included a field approach through direct observation, interviews, and a literature review of relevant literature, regulations, and official documents. Based on the research findings, PT. Vinici Samudera Agencies plays a significant role in processing shipping administrative documents, coordinating with the KSOP, ensuring compliance with applicable legal provisions, and providing technical guidance to ensure ships remain seaworthy. The agency's role has been proven to increase time efficiency, reduce the risk of delays, and provide legal certainty in the certificate renewal process. Therefore, the presence of ship agents is a strategic factor in supporting the smooth operation of cargo ships at the Port of Merak.

This research looks into how site managers in construction projects in Malang City manage and improve their use of human resources. The research is driven by the significance of effective human resource management in ensuring project success and the lack of studies focusing on the operational strategies of site managers within a local context. This study uses a quantitative method that is both descriptive and analytical. It involves giving out a survey to 40 people, including site managers, contractors, and foremen. The independent variables include leadership and supervisory style, human resource planning and workforce allocation, training and competency development, team communication and coordination, performance monitoring and evaluation, as well as motivation and welfare. The dependent variable is the degree to which human resource management is optimized. The results of validity and reliability tests indicate that all research instruments are valid and reliable. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that leadership and supervisory style, along with human resource planning and workforce allocation, have a significant partial effect on improving HRM practices. Other variables have a positive but statistically insignificant partial effect on the estate. Overall, the management of human resources in construction projects in Malang City is considered to be fairly good. This study confirms that leadership and workforce planning are the main strategic factors for site managers in improving the effectiveness of human resource management in construction projects.

The challenges of modernity, including the secularization of knowledge, the fragmentation of values, and the increasingly pragmatic and utilitarian orientation of education, require a fundamental renewal of Islamic educational philosophy. In practice, Islamic education is often confined to normative and textualistic approaches that emphasize the transmission of doctrinal knowledge, which limits its responsiveness to social dynamics, scientific developments, and contemporary needs. This condition weakens the critical capacity of Islamic education in shaping individuals who are faithful, rational, and morally integrated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine Islamic educational philosophy from the perspective of critical thought reconstruction as an effort to address the challenges of modernity without shifting the fundamental principles of faith that serve as its normative foundation. This study employs a theoretical research approach through library research, using qualitative analysis of academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and relevant scholarly works on Islamic educational philosophy and critical thought. The analysis focuses on the ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions of Islamic education within the framework of critical reconstruction. The findings indicate that the reconstruction of Islamic educational philosophy is both an epistemological and practical necessity in responding to modern challenges. This reconstruction is not directed toward the domain of ʿaqīdah, which is qaṭʿī and normative in nature, but rather toward renewing modes of thinking, operational value systems, and educational practices. Consequently, Islamic education should function not merely at a normative level but as an effective instrument for individual and social transformation.

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) face the problem of stigmatization and negative image that has been rooted in public perception for several decades, where the social construction of TKI is dominated by narratives of exploitation, violence, and victimization reinforced by conventional mass media coverage. The phenomenon of TKI emerging as content creators on the TikTok platform opens new opportunities for migrant workers to represent themselves independently and build personal Branding that has the potential to reconstruct their image in public perception. This study aims to analyze the personal Branding strategies of TKI content creators on TikTok, measure the engagement patterns and reach of the content produced, and evaluate the transformation of public perception toward Indonesian migrant workers as an implication of these digital communication practices. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore the process of image reconstruction through personal Branding on the TikTok platform. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five TKI content creators who have followers ranging from 750 thousand to 2.3 million, interviews with 50 active followers, and interviews with two digital communication experts. The research findings show that TKI content creators implement personal Branding strategies through content authenticity, narrative consistency, and positioning differentiation with engagement rates. Public perception changed significantly with a decrease in negative perception from 68 percent to 18 percent and an increase in positive perception from 10 percent to 55 percent within an exposure period of more than 12 months. Image reconstruction occurs through three mechanisms: humanization that displays the human side of TKI, normalization that elevates the profession as work worthy of respect, and inspiration that demonstrates their positive achievements. This study recommends that the government and related stakeholders support digital literacy for migrant workers to optimize social media platforms as a means of empowerment, as well as promote policies that protect and appreciate the contribution of TKI as an integral part of national economic development.

Digital transformation in higher education has reshaped learning patterns and students’ academic practices, including how they manage and complete academic tasks. On the one hand, digital learning offers flexibility and easy access to learning resources; on the other hand, it has intensified tendencies toward academic task procrastination. This study aims to analyze students’ academic task procrastination as a socially constructed reality within the context of digital learning. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted at IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students and lecturers and analyzed using Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s social construction theory, encompassing the processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The findings indicate that task procrastination is externalized through flexible learning schedules, digital media distractions, fatigue with instructional methods, and academic pressure. These practices are subsequently objectivated through students’ collective experiences and social relations with lecturers, leading them to be perceived as normative behavior in digital learning. Furthermore, task procrastination is internalized as a habit and an adaptive, taken-for-granted strategy within students’ learning rhythms. This study affirms that academic task procrastination cannot be reduced to an individual problem alone; rather, it emerges from the complex interaction between technological structures, pedagogical practices, and academic social dynamics. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more reflective and contextual digital learning policies and strategies.

Digital transformation in higher education has reshaped learning patterns and students’ academic practices, including how they manage and complete academic tasks. On the one hand, digital learning offers flexibility and easy access to learning resources; on the other hand, it has intensified tendencies toward academic task procrastination. This study aims to analyze students’ academic task procrastination as a socially constructed reality within the context of digital learning. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted at IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students and lecturers and analyzed using Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s social construction theory, encompassing the processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The findings indicate that task procrastination is externalized through flexible learning schedules, digital media distractions, fatigue with instructional methods, and academic pressure. These practices are subsequently objectivated through students’ collective experiences and social relations with lecturers, leading them to be perceived as normative behavior in digital learning. Furthermore, task procrastination is internalized as a habit and an adaptive, taken-for-granted strategy within students’ learning rhythms. This study affirms that academic task procrastination cannot be reduced to an individual problem alone; rather, it emerges from the complex interaction between technological structures, pedagogical practices, and academic social dynamics. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more reflective and contextual digital learning policies and strategies.

The development of the modern business world is marked by the increasing complexity of legal relationships between business actors, involving various entities with close economic and operational interconnections. This condition creates challenges in civil dispute resolution, especially when default occurs in multi-party business agreements. This study aims to analyze the application of the joint and several liability (tangung renteng) legal construction as a business dispute resolution mechanism in the Decision of the North Jakarta District Court Number 833/Pdt.G/2024/PN Jkt.Urr. This research uses normative legal research methods with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials in the form of legislation and court decisions, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of legal books and journals, which are analyzed descriptively-analytically. The results show that the panel of judges applied the joint and several liability construction not only based on formal contractual relationships, but also on the factual and economic interconnections between the parties, such as the receipt of benefits, operational integration, and the commingling of assets between the business entity and its management. The application of this construction proves effective in expanding the basis of liability and guaranteeing the recovery of creditor's rights. However, the decision also shows limitations in proving commercial immaterial losses, which are still bound by strict civil evidence standards. This study concludes that the joint and several liability construction can be an important instrument in resolving multi-party business disputes, but clearer jurisprudential guidelines are needed to ensure legal certainty and consistency of its application in the future.

The maritime transport sector plays a vital role in international logistics, including the transport of special cargo such as live cattle, which requires specific administrative and operational handling. PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch, as a ship agency company, is responsible for ensuring the smooth flow of ship services from arrival to departure at the Port of Belawan. This study aims to analyze the flow of agency management for special cattle cargo on the vessel MV Gloucester Express and to identify the coordination efforts carried out with relevant agencies to ensure service efficiency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collected through field observations and literature studies. The results show that the agency flow involves three main stages: pre-arrival, arrival, and departure, with a focus on strict animal health documentation and coordination with the Quarantine Office. The study concludes that while the process generally runs well, administrative precision and real-time communication with the authorities are critical factors in preventing delays in unloading live cattle.

This study examines the process of religious habituation among congregants at Masjid Jami’ Al-Barokah Yasda, South Jakarta, through the perspective of Peter L. Berger’s theory of social construction. The mosque implements a series of religious programs conducted consistently on a daily basis, including ta’lim, recitation of Rotibul Haddad, congregational shalat tasbih, Yasin Tahlil Barzanji, silaturahmi, and jaulah. This research aims to understand how these programs are designed, implemented, and interpreted so as to shape the religious patterns of the congregation. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with the head of the Mosque Management Board (DKM) and direct observation of religious activities. The findings indicate that religious habituation in this mosque is formed through an interconnected process of social construction: religious programs are formulated by mosque administrators as an expression of religious values and vision (externalization), subsequently carried out on a regular basis until they are accepted as traditions and a collective identity of the mosque (objectivation), and ultimately internalized by congregants as values that shape religious attitudes and consciousness of piety (internalization) in their daily lives.Overall, these religious activities are oriented toward sustaining Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin da‘wah da‘wah that promotes goodness, inner peace, and social benefit for both congregants and the surrounding community. The findings demonstrate that religious habituation, when managed consistently and adaptively, is capable of fostering a living religious culture, strengthening piety, and generating tangible social impacts within an urban religious context.

The rapid growth of digital financial technology has introduced new economic instruments that require re-evaluation through the lens of Islamic economic law, one of which is Bitcoin. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of Bitcoin as a means of transaction and investment using a normative legal approach. Data were obtained through extensive literature review involving primary and secondary sources, including Islamic jurisprudence, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, qawā‘id fiqhiyyah, official fatwas, and contemporary technological and economic studies. The analysis employed normative and reconstructive methods to assess the compatibility of Bitcoin’s characteristics with the principles of Islamic law. The findings indicate that Bitcoin may be classified as a form of digital māl because it possesses utility, can be lawfully owned, and is tradable within open market mechanisms. However, its extreme price volatility, limited public acceptance, and absence of state-backed legitimacy make it unsuitable as a lawful medium of exchange in Islamic transactions. Conversely, Bitcoin may be permitted as an investment instrument under strict conditions, provided the activity avoids speculative motives, ensures transparency, and follows prudent financial conduct. Based on these assessments, this study concludes that Bitcoin is more appropriately categorized as a digital commodity rather than a transactional currency. This research contributes conceptually to the development of sharia-compliant crypto-asset regulations and opens avenues for further exploration on designing more stable and ethically aligned digital financial instruments.

This community service program aims to optimize construction project planning through assistance in preparing a business feasibility study at PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati. The construction sector is a strategic industry that requires effective resource management, proper risk mitigation, and accurate planning to ensure project success. Therefore, the program supported the partner in analyzing financial, managerial, market, and economic aspects prior to making investment decisions for the proposed project. The results show that the project is feasible based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analyses. An efficient organizational structure, a competent management team, and strong supervision mechanisms further strengthen the project’s operational readiness. Increasing demand for construction services also enhances the company’s market prospects. However, several areas still require improvement, including heavy equipment utilization, material efficiency, and digital marketing strategies. This program provides strategic recommendations to help PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati improve project feasibility, operational effectiveness, and long-term business sustainability.

This study aims to understand how green accounting practices are constructed as a social reality within organizations and how environmental awareness develops through social interaction, organizational values, and culture. The research adopts an interpretive qualitative approach within the social construction paradigm (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in organizations that have implemented sustainability reporting. The analysis employed an interpretive thematic approach to uncover the meanings underlying environmental accounting practices. The findings indicate that green accounting functions not only as a technical reporting instrument but also as a mechanism for shaping organizational moral and ecological awareness. Environmental awareness is constructed through three main stages: the externalization of sustainability values by leadership, objectivation through policies and reporting systems, and internalization within work behavior and organizational culture. Participatory, reflective, and innovation-oriented organizational cultures strengthen the substantive implementation of green accounting, whereas bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic practices or greenwashing. Theoretically, this study reinforces the view that accounting is a social practice that both shapes and is shaped by collective consciousness (Hopwood, 1992; Gray, 2010). Practically, the findings highlight the importance of visionary leadership and social learning spaces in fostering a sustainability-oriented organizational culture. Thus, green accounting is understood as a social process that plays a strategic role in realizing ethical, sustainable, and environmentally responsible organizations.