Publication Search

Regulatory overlap between the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Pornography Law, and the Sexual Violence Crimes Law in the handling of online gender-based violence (KBGO) in Indonesia creates a conflict of norms that results in double victimization. This normative legal study aims to identify the concrete forms of victim sacrifice resulting from overlapping regulations and to critique the inability of conflict-resolution mechanisms to address these conflicts through the principle of lex specialis systematica from a substantive justice perspective. The findings reveal four forms of victim sacrifice: victim criminalization, the length of the judicial process, inconsistencies in court rulings, and the failure to fulfill the right to restitution and the right to be forgotten. This study also concludes that the lex specialis systematis principle is inadequate because its dogmatic approach disregards the interests of victims, requires time and expertise that ordinary victims lack, and is not consistently applied in courts. This study recommends a paradigm shift from a dogmatic approach to a victim-centered approach.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of violence against children in Central Java, focusing on the dominance of sexual violence against girls and the failure of the domestic sphere as a safe environment. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data from SIMFONI-PPA, supported by relevant literature. The findings reveal that cases of violence against children fluctuate but remain consistently high each year. Girls are identified as the most vulnerable group, with a higher proportion of victims compared to boys. Sexual violence emerges as the most dominant form, indicating serious issues related to power relations, gender inequality, and weak social protection systems. Furthermore, the household, which is expected to be a safe space, is in fact the primary location of violence, with perpetrators largely coming from close relationships such as parents, partners, and the surrounding social environment. These findings highlight that violence against children is not merely an individual issue but a structural problem involving social, cultural, and power dynamics. Therefore, comprehensive child protection approaches that are family-based, gender-sensitive, and cross-sectoral are essential to break the cycle of violence sustainably.

The spread of Non-Consensual Intimate Images (NCII) has become one of the most damaging forms of technology-based sexual violence in Indonesia. Komnas Perempuan data consistently shows a year-on-year rise in gender-based online violence reports, while SAFEnet documented hundreds of NCII cases between 2017 and 2023. Before Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence (TPKS Law) was enacted, Article 27 paragraph (1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) was the only legal basis for handling NCII — a provision that frequently revictimized survivors rather than protecting them. This study examines: (1) how NCII is regulated under the TPKS Law; and (2) the effectiveness of the TPKS Law in addressing NCII cases, analyzed through Lawrence M. Friedman's three-component theory of legal effectiveness: legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. Normative legal research was applied using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The study finds that Article 14 of the TPKS Law provides a substantially stronger and more victim-centred legal basis than previous regulations. However, effectiveness is still hampered by inadequate law enforcement capacity, uneven availability of integrated service units (UPTD PPA), low survivor reporting rates linked to persistent stigma, and a pervasive victim-blaming culture. Law reform alone is insufficient; structural and cultural transformation must accompany it.

 Sexual violence against women and children is still a serious problem in Indonesia. Girls are among the most vulnerable groups because of their young age, emotional dependence, and the imbalance of power with perpetrators who are generally older or close to the victim. Cases of violence often occur in various environments, such as within the family, early marriage, or social relationships such as dating or friendships with older men. This situation often places girls in a weak position, making it difficult for them to resist or report the violence they experience. This research aims to examine forms of sexual violence against girls in relationships with large age differences and examine legal protection based on Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence. The research uses qualitative methods through literature study by reviewing books, scientific journals, regulations, and data from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. The results of the study show that unequal age relations often give rise to power inequalities that trigger domination, control and various forms of violence, such as sexual coercion, physical violence, psychological manipulation and domestic exploitation. The TPKS Law plays an important role as a basis for legal protection and fulfillment of rights for victims

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Sexual violence against children constitutes a serious violation of human rights and has long-term impacts on the physical, psychological, and social development of victims. Normatively, the law regulates various forms of protection, including prevention, handling, rehabilitation, and the imposition of stricter sanctions against perpetrators. However, in practice, several obstacles remain in the implementation of such legal protection. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation techniques. The analysis evaluates the conformity between the legal norms stipulated in the legislation and their implementation in practice. The results indicate that, normatively, Law Number 35 of 2014 provides a relatively comprehensive legal framework for protecting child victims of sexual violence. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as law enforcement issues, limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of inter-agency coordination, and social stigma toward victims. Therefore, strengthening policy implementation and enhancing synergy among stakeholders are necessary to ensure optimal legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence.  

Sexual violence against children in Jambi City continues to show a fluctuating trend, with 32 cases in 2022, decreasing to 24 in 2023, and increasing again to 33 in 2024. This condition emphasizes the importance of strengthening cross-sector case handling between the UPTD PPA Jambi City and the Jambi Police in cases of sexual violence against children. This study aims to analyze the division of labor between the two institutions using the coordination theory according to Hasibuan (2006), which includes indicators of unity of action, communication, division of labor, and discipline. The method used is a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, documentation, and data triangulation to ensure the validity of the findings. The results show that coordination between the UPTD PPA Jambi City and the Jambi Police has generally been running well, especially in the aspects of unity of action and discipline, as reflected in the alignment of goals and a fairly rapid response in handling cases. Communication between the two agencies has also been ongoing through formal and informal channels to expedite case response. The division of labor has been aligned with each agency's respective authority, with the UPTD PPA focusing on victim assistance and psychological support, while the police handle law enforcement. However, the lack of formal SOPs and MoUs poses a barrier to strengthening sustainable institutional integration. The implications of this research emphasize the need to strengthen formal mechanisms, regular evaluation forums, and formal cooperation agreements to enhance effective coordination and comprehensive protection for child victims.

Data from the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) shows that between May 2022 and December 2023, there were 4,179 cases of sexual violence, including 2,776 cases of Electronic-Based Sexual Violence (KSBE) and 623 cases of rape. Adolescents' knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in preventing sexual violence in schools. Objective: To determine the level of adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual violence prevention at State Senior High School 1 Surakarta. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 89 students in grades X and XI was conducted on January 20, 2026. Results: The results showed that most respondents had good knowledge (65 respondents, 73.0%), and 3 respondents (3.4%) had poor knowledge. The results also showed that most respondents had good attitudes (44 respondents, 49.4%) and 9 respondents (10.1%) had poor attitudes. Conclusion: Most Students had good  knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual violence prevention at SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta.

This study aims to analyze the stages, impacts, and supporting and inhibiting factors of social intervention for child victims of sexual violence at the “Handayani” Center, East Jakarta. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to obtain an in-depth understanding of the intervention process. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the “Handayani” Center applies the Generalist Intervention Model (GIM) through seven stages: engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, and follow-up. The social intervention has a positive impact on children, particularly in improving emotional stability, self-confidence, and social functioning. Furthermore, the intervention supports children’s readiness for social reintegration. Supporting factors include the professionalism of social workers and effective team collaboration, while inhibiting factors consist of high workload, delays in administrative reporting, and limited family support.  

This study is a case study that analyzes the handling of sexual violence in Cianjur Regency, examining the relationship between social morality, the role of law enforcement officials, and the effectiveness of criminal law policy after the enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes (TPKS Law). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with an empirical juridical method through a sociological approach to law. Data was obtained through interviews with law enforcement officials, field observations, and a literature review of relevant legislation and scientific literature. The results of the study show that the handling of sexual violence cases in Cianjur Regency still faces obstacles in the form of weak social morality, strong stigma against victims, and a patriarchal culture that affects reporting and law enforcement processes. In addition, the role of law enforcement officials has not been optimal due to limited capacity, coordination between institutions, and a lack of sensitivity to the victims' perspective. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officials through training on gender perspectives and the implementation of the TPKS Law, continuous education on social morality at the community level, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to improve victim protection and the effectiveness of criminal law policy in Cianjur Regency.

Efforts to protect children who are victims of sexual violence crimes in Mesuji Regency have been carried out through the establishment of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA). However, in practice, cases of sexual violence against children continue to occur. This study aims to analyze the role of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency in fulfilling the rights of child victims of sexual violence crimes and to identify the factors that hinder the implementation of this role. This research employs normative juridical and empirical approaches. Data were collected through literature review and field studies, with informants consisting of the Head of the Mesuji Regency Office for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, the Head of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency, and a lecturer in criminal law from the Faculty of Law, University of Lampung. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively. The results show that, normatively, the role of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency has been implemented based on the prevailing laws and regulations, including the Child Protection Law, the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, and regulations concerning the UPTD PPA. Factually, the UPTD PPA carries out preventive, handling, and recovery efforts through legal, medical, and psychological protection for child victims. However, the implementation of this role has not been optimal due to several inhibiting factors, namely limitations in human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, low community participation and awareness, and cultural factors characterized by individualism. This study recommends optimizing the performance of the UPTD PPA through improvements in human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and strengthening community involvement in child protection.

This journal analyzes sexual violence by educators against students by analyzing Supreme Court Decision No. 5642 K/Pid.Sus/2022 using normative legal research methods. The primary focus of this research is the abuse of power relations by perpetrators holding positions of authority, as well as the legal protections afforded to child victims. Furthermore, this paper compares the provisions on sexual violence in the Child Protection Law and the Sexual Violence Criminal Law (UU TPKS). The findings indicate that courts impose harsher sentences on perpetrators who abuse their trust as educators and place victims at the center of the legal process, ensuring guarantees of recovery, psychological rehabilitation, restitution, and the right to education. The judges' approach in the ruling also reflects the spirit and principles of victim protection as outlined in the TPKS Law, including recognition of power dynamics, psychological pressure, and the importance of a victim-centered perspective. The TPKS Law expands the scope of sexual violence beyond physical aspects to include psychological and structural dimensions, which were previously not clearly regulated in other laws.  Therefore, this paper emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the two laws to create a more just, progressive, and victim-centered legal system, especially for children in educational settings. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening a more comprehensive and child-oriented legal approach.

Pendidikan seks kepada anak sejak dini dan pemilihan jenis tontonan yang sesuai dengan usia anak perlu menjadi perhatian orang tua sebagai upaya untuk mencegah kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada anak. Namun faktanya pendidikan seksual kepada anak usia prasekolah belum dilakukan secara optimal oleh orang tua sehingga pemahaman seksual pada anak masih terbatas selain itu juga anak suka menonton video di aplikasi yang beresiko munculnya video tidak sesuai usia anak. Belum optimalnya orang tua dalam melakukan pendidikan seksual juga ditemukan di TK GMIM Alfa Omega dan TK Pembina, dimana orang tua mengungkapkan tidak mengetahui cara untuk melakukan pendidikan seksual dan anak suka menggunakan youtube untuk menonton. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dibentuk kegiatan pemberdayaan orang tua dalam bentuk kegiatan pelatihan metode story telling.dan pemanfaatan youtube kids. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan orang tua dalam melakukan pendidikan seksua dengan metode story telling dan penggunaan youtube kids. Pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri atas 3 tahapan yaitu sosialisasi, pelatihan serta monitoring dan evaluasi yang diikuti oleh orang tua anak usia prasekolah di Tk GMIM Alfa Omega dan TK Pembina. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan orang tua dan keterampilan orang tua dalam melakukan pendidikan seks kepada anak usia prasekolah dan pemanfaatan aplikasi youtube kids. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini membawa dampak positif terhadap kemampuan orang tua melakukan pendidikan seksual dan pengunaan youtube kids sebagai alternatif tontonan bagi anak.

Cases of sexual violence are rife in educational environments and generally happen to women. Ironically, 55% of sexual violence perpetrators are committed by teachers, in fact many cases are still unreported. Preventing sexual violence is a shared responsibility. This study aims to determine the conditions, impacts and strategies that can be used to prevent sexual violence. A qualitative analytical approach with secondary data in the form of interviews broadcast via the Narasi TV and YouTube websites (Crime Lab, COKRO TV, KAWANUATV MANADO, Tribun Health, UNPAR OFFICIAL) was used in this research. The impacts felt by victims of sexual violence include feeling afraid, embarrassed, depressed, traumatized and low self-esteem. Strategies that can be implemented include promoting social norms, implementing social emotional learning related to sexual violence, forming a task force, mentoring support in the form of counseling and medical services as well as parental supervision and assistance. Mutual cooperation and synergy need to be carried out together to create a school environment that is safe and comfortable for students and free from sexual violence.

Sexual violence against children is a highly complex issue with profound negative impacts on both the victims and their social environment. Children with disabilities, particularly those with Down Syndrome, are among the most vulnerable to such abuse due to their physical and cognitive limitations. Given this context, the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as the Child Protection Agency (LPA) becomes crucial. LPA plays a vital role in providing support, advocacy, and assistance to child victims of sexual violence, especially those with disabilities. This study aims to examine the protective role of LPA in assisting children with Down Syndrome who have become victims of sexual violence in Deli Serdang Regency. Using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, the research explores and interprets the lived experiences of informants involved in the cases. The study also highlights the implementation of the four child protection principles as applied by the LPA. The findings show that LPA fulfills its protective role by providing legal assistance, psychosocial support, and ensuring the safety of the victims. The organization successfully implemented the four child protection principles, resulting in a 12-year prison sentence for the perpetrator and justice for the victim. The study recommends increasing LPA staff capacity to enhance the quality of services provided.

This study aims to explore structuration within the gatekeeping process of the Patroli news program in an episode reporting a case sexual violence aired on Indosiar. The research adopts a qualitative approach using the case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and content analysis of the episode covering a case sexual assault committed by a resident doctor at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital, Bandung. The key informant in this study was the executive producer of the Patroli news program. This research employs two theoretical frameworks: Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and Joseph A Devitto’s gatekeeping theory. The findings reveal that the Patroli news team enforces strict editorial control to avoid regulatory sanctions or public complaints. The program complies with the national journalistic standards, specifically the P3SPS broadcasting guidelines and the journalistic code of ethics. The Study concludes that Giddens’ three dimension of social structure signification, domination and legimitation are evident in the gatekeeping process, these structure, alongside the concept of gatekeeping as the filtering of news content, play significant role in shaping how sensitive criminal cares are selected and presentend to the public.  

Child sexual abuse is a severe problem that profoundly affects victims’ physical, psychological, and social well-being. The Deli Serdang Child Protection Institution (LPA) functions as a non-governmental organization providing recovery and rehabilitation services for victims of such abuse. This study aims to examine the implementation of psychosocial interventions for child sexual abuse victims at LPA Deli Serdang. Conducted in Deli Serdang Regency, the research involved several informants, including the Chairperson and Psychologist of LPA as key informants, two child victims identified by the initials Z and N as main informants, and four supporting informants consisting of the victims’ parents, the LPA Secretary, and Legal Staff. Data collection was carried out through literature review, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial intervention process. The findings show that LPA Deli Serdang has fulfilled its role in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, particularly in providing integrated services that address victims’ emotional and behavioral needs. Based on Nitimiharjo’s (2012) framework, psychosocial interventions implemented by LPA have contributed to positive improvements in the victims’ cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and environmental domains. Moreover, according to Caroline’s (2012) theory, individual and play therapy have been identified as the primary methods used to assist victims in the recovery process. Overall, these interventions have proven effective in supporting psychological healing and social reintegration for child sexual abuse victims under the institution’s care.

Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak merupakan pelanggaran serius yang membutuhkan perlindungan hukum yang kuat. Namun, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap mekanisme perlindungan hukum sering menjadi hambatan dalam penanganan kasus. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif untuk mengkaji peran penting masyarakat dalam pencegahan, pelaporan, dan pendampingan korban. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penguatan pemahaman masyarakat melalui sosialisasi, pendidikan hukum, dan kerja sama lintas sektor sangat diperlukan untuk mewujudkan perlindungan anak yang efektif.

This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) and the state in implementing restitution for victims of sexual violence, particularly when the perpetrators are unable to pay or are sentenced to death. The background of this research lies in the weak implementation of restitution, which should be a fundamental right of victims, as illustrated by the case of Herry Wirawan based on the Bandung High Court Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg. The research addresses two main problems: (1) how the state and LPSK ensure the victims’ rights to restitution under such circumstances, and (2) what obstacles hinder the implementation of restitution based on the decision. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case study approach. The findings show that the implementation of restitution still faces serious obstacles, such as the absence of technical mechanisms, the lack of designated executing institutions, and the lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies. LPSK plays a role in proposing and calculating restitution amounts but lacks execution authority. Moreover, the state has not yet fulfilled its role as the ultimate guarantor for victims when the perpetrator is unable to comply. In conclusion, Indonesia’s legal system needs to strengthen technical regulations, ensure inter-agency coordination, and affirm the state's role as a guarantor of restitution to achieve meaningful restorative justice for victims of sexual violence

Sexual violence is any act of humiliating, insulting, attacking, and/or other acts against a person's body, sexual desires and/or reproductive function by force. This form of sexual violence can occur in everyday interactions among teenagers, including when they start having relationships with the opposite sex. This can be minimized in various ways, one of which is by providing motivation for teenagers to prevent acts of sexual violence. Motivation given to teenagers can be in the form of learning media, one of which is digital poster media. Digital poster media is more effective as an outreach medium because it helps stimulate the sense of sight, the visual aspect of poster images makes it easier to receive information. The aim of this research is to determine the development of digital poster media in preventing sexual violence against teenagers at Senior High School 5 Surakarta. This research method uses Research and Development (R&D), with the ADDIE model being developed in 5 stages, namely (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The results of this research obtained an assessment of digital poster media from material experts 96%, media experts 67%, small scale trials 83.3%, and field trials 83.83%, so it can be concluded that the media developed is "very feasible" to be used in preventing sexual violence against teenagers at Senior High School 5 Surakarta

Education plays a fundamental role in shaping character, developing personality, and exploring students' potential. Schools should ideally be safe, comfortable, and conducive spaces for student growth and development. However, reality shows that the school environment is still vulnerable to negative behaviors such as bullying and sexual violence. Bullying is understood as aggressive behavior carried out repeatedly with the aim of harming the victim, whether through physical, verbal, social, or online media (cyberbullying). Meanwhile, sexual violence includes various forms of sexual acts without the victim's consent, which have serious impacts on psychological, social, and academic achievement. Sexual violence in schools not only harms the victims physically but also leaves deep psychological scars that may affect their future. To respond to this problem, KKM Group 30 Bina Bangsa University conducted a socialization activity entitled "Stop Bullying and Sexual Violence" at SMAN X, District Y. The main objective of this activity was to provide in-depth understanding, build awareness, and encourage mutual respect in the school environment. The outreach was conducted through several methods, including presentations by resource persons, educational drama performances depicting real-life cases, and interactive question-and-answer sessions involving active student participation. Interactive sessions are essential to engage students and encourage them to express their thoughts openly. The results of the activities demonstrated high student enthusiasm, increased understanding of the forms and impacts of bullying and sexual violence, and a growing awareness to report victims or witnesses. These activities emphasized that prevention is not solely the responsibility of schools but also requires collaboration between students, teachers, parents, and the wider community. This creates a safe, comfortable learning environment free from all forms of violence.