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This study aims to analyze the determinants of success of PT Makmur Susanti Group, a processed food MSME in Tulungagung, East Java, in achieving “Born Global” status by bypassing the traditional incremental internationalization process and penetrating global markets within only 2.5 years. The research employed a qualitative approach using a single case study method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with the owner as the key informant, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the company’s rapid internationalization was supported by three main factors, namely visionary managerial capability reflected in entrepreneurial alertness, continuous product innovation through selective raw material use and flavor localization, and the optimal utilization of digital ecosystems such as B2B platforms and Alibaba. In addition, the study identified a “symbiotic” business model involving export aggregators to serve diaspora niche markets, which challenges the conventional assumption that Born Global firms must independently manage international logistics. Furthermore, the owner’s legal background became a strategic advantage in addressing complex halal regulations and international certification requirements. This research contributes a new perspective on the phenomenon of “non-intentional” Born Global firms and highlights the importance of legal-formal competence for MSMEs, while also providing practical insights for regional MSMEs in integrating local comparative advantages with global competitive standards.

The objective of this study is to develop a theoretical framework that can be used to identify the key resources and capabilities involved in the globalization process. This case study aims to examine how export-oriented small businesses in Indonesia achieve success at the international level. To obtain qualitative data, in-depth interviews were conducted with the Makmur Susanti Group, an MSME in Tulungagung, East Java. This study, based on the Resource-Based View (RBV), demonstrates how dynamic capabilities in production, networking, marketing, learning, legal, and synergistic areas contribute to the formation of competitive advantages that support business sustainability and continuity. The study indicates that success in internationalization requires a combination of capabilities that can meet market needs, rather than a single capability. This study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive framework of the internationalization process and providing practical insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs. The research findings underscore the importance of capability development and government support in facilitating the global expansion of SMEs. Ultimately, this study provides a foundation for further investigation into the dynamic capabilities required for SMEs to thrive in international markets.

Health-related SMEs in Indonesia have significant opportunities to enter international markets, but many businesses still face limitations in digital capabilities, innovation, and readiness for external markets. This study aims to examine the influence of digital transformation on the success of health-related SMEs in going international, both directly and through business innovation as a mediator. The study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that digital transformation has a positive influence on business innovation and the success of going international. Business innovation also has a positive effect on internationalisation success and mediates the relationship between digital transformation and external market success. These findings confirm that digitalisation should not merely be understood as an operational tool, but as a strategic capability that must be integrated with product, process, marketing, and business model innovation. The research implications emphasise the importance of strengthening digital capabilities and business innovation to enhance the global competitiveness of Indonesian health-related SMEs

The digital era has fundamentally transformed the market landscape, requiring e-commerce platforms to understand the determinants of consumer behavior. This study aims to analyze the role of E-commerce Trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Enjoyment on Purchase Intention. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 326 active users of the Lazada platform in Central Java. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that the three main factors ease, usefulness, and enjoyment have a positive and significant influence on Brand Trust and consumer Purchase Intention directly. Furthermore, it was found that E-commerce Trust acts as a crucial mediator that strengthens Purchase Intention through positive user experience. Theoretically, this study strengthens the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework and the context of Cross-Border E-commerce (CBEC) in the digital retail industry. Practically, these findings emphasize the importance of optimizing platform features to enhance transaction convenience and security and build long-term loyalty. The research's implications suggest that platform managers should focus on both aesthetics and functionality to create a credible and enjoyable digital shopping ecosystem for consumers in developing regions.

This study aims to examine the empowerment of local human resources as a strategic asset in the internationalization process of MSMEs in Sumber Wandhe Wonosalam, Jombang, East Java. This study employs a qualitative case study approach to facilitate the investigation of complex research phenomena, evaluate various perspectives, identify contributing factors, and generate a broad overview. The study indicates that success in internationalization requires a combination of capabilities that can meet market needs, rather than a single capability. Business actors who are able to recognize opportunities for local human resource empowerment can optimize the export process. This enables the region and its residents to maintain generational training in innovative management to address the turnover of the younger generation. Ultimately, this study provides a foundation for further research on the dynamic capabilities required for MSMEs to thrive in international markets.

This study aims to analyze innovative strategies that can be implemented by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in East Java to improve competitiveness through digital marketing and e-commerce. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research method by reviewing various scientific literature, government reports, and previous studies related to MSME innovation and digital transformation. The results of the study indicate that digital marketing and e-commerce innovation can increase market reach, operational efficiency, product differentiation, and MSME sales. However, the implementation of innovation still faces several challenges such as low digital literacy, limited capital, limited technology, and lack of system integration. Therefore, innovative strategies are needed, including integrated digital marketing, marketplace optimization, social commerce, digital payment systems, logistics integration, digital branding strengthening, and digital literacy training. In addition, collaboration between MSMEs, government, universities, communities, and digital platforms is an important factor in accelerating MSME digital transformation. This study produces recommendations for an innovative strategy model based on digital marketing and e-commerce to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in East Java.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in the Indonesian economy, yet their internationalization remains limited. This condition indicates that many SMEs have not fully transformed innovation and digitalization into strategic capabilities that support broader market expansion. This study examines the effects of innovation and digitalization on SME internationalization from the strategic capability perspective. A quantitative explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey was employed. The sample consisted of 200 SME owners or main managers in East Java selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The simulated results indicate that innovation and digitalization positively contribute to SME internationalization through product value enhancement, business process efficiency, and broader market reach. These findings suggest that SME internationalization is more likely to emerge when innovation and digitalization are integrated as strategic capabilities rather than treated as isolated initiatives.

The internationalisation of SMEs in the era of the global economy is still faced with low strategic readiness, limited innovation capacity, and sub-optimal digital transformation. This study aims to test a model of SME internationalisation strategy based on innovation and digital transformation. The study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS through measurement model evaluation, structural model evaluation, and bootstrapping tests. The results indicate that innovation has a positive effect on digital transformation and internationalisation strategy, whilst digital transformation has a positive effect on internationalisation strategy. The indirect effect of innovation on internationalisation strategy via digital transformation is also significant, indicating partial mediation. These findings confirm that the internationalisation of SMEs becomes more effective when innovation and digital transformation are coherently integrated into business models and external market orientation. Implicitly, strengthening the global competitiveness of SMEs requires simultaneous intervention in business model renewal, digital capabilities, and policy ecosystem support.

Indonesian fashion SMEs have significant export opportunities, but their export performance remains suboptimal as not all businesses are able to convert innovation, digitalisation, and market orientation into tangible international competitiveness. This study aims to analyse the determinants of Indonesian fashion SMEs’ export performance from the perspectives of the Resource-Based View and Internationalisation Theory. The study employs an explanatory quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of fashion SMEs in East Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS. Simulation results indicate that internal capabilities, international market orientation, and access to international networks have a positive influence on competitive advantage, whilst competitive advantage has a positive influence on export performance. Internal capabilities and access to international networks also demonstrate a significant direct influence on export performance, whilst international market orientation is not directly significant but operates through competitive advantage. The implication is that strategies to boost fashion SME exports should focus on strengthening innovation, quality, brand differentiation, and international market networks, rather than merely on symbolic digital adoption.  

Health-related SMEs in Indonesia have significant opportunities to enter international markets, but many businesses still face limitations in digital capabilities, innovation, and readiness for external markets. This study aims to examine the influence of digital transformation on the success of health-related SMEs in going international, both directly and through business innovation as a mediator. The study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that digital transformation has a positive influence on business innovation and the success of going international. Business innovation also has a positive effect on internationalisation success and mediates the relationship between digital transformation and external market success. These findings confirm that digitalisation should not merely be understood as an operational tool, but as a strategic capability that must be integrated with product, process, marketing, and business model innovation. The research implications emphasise the importance of strengthening digital capabilities and business innovation to enhance the global competitiveness of Indonesian health-related SMEs.

The international competitiveness of Indonesian fashion SMEs still faces challenges, despite the sector having a large business base, strong export opportunities, and increasingly widespread access to digital technology. In this context, product innovation and digital capabilities are viewed as strategic resources that can strengthen SMEs’ ability to adapt and compete in broader markets. This study aims to analyse the influence of product innovation and digital capabilities on the international competitiveness of Indonesian fashion SMEs. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. The sample consists of 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SEM-PLS. The results indicate that product innovation and digital capabilities have a positive and significant effect on international competitiveness, with digital capabilities acting as the dominant predictor. The implication is that efforts to strengthen the international competitiveness of fashion SMEs should be directed towards the integration of market-based innovation and strategic digital transformation.

MSMEs play a dominant role in the Indonesian economy, but their contribution to the international market remains relatively limited. This situation indicates that the readiness for internationalisation of MSMEs remains a significant issue, particularly in relation to innovation and digitalisation capabilities as strategic resources. This study aims to analyse the influence of innovation and digitalisation on the readiness for internationalisation of MSMEs in Indonesia using the Resource-Based View approach. The study employs an explanatory quantitative design with a survey approach involving 200 owners or primary managers of SMEs in East Java, selected via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS. The results indicate that innovation and digitalisation have a positive and significant influence on the internationalisation readiness of SMEs. Digitalisation demonstrates a stronger influence than innovation. The structural model also exhibits adequate explanatory and predictive power. These findings confirm that internationalisation readiness is determined not only by market opportunities but also by the ability of SMEs to strategically manage innovation and digital technology. The implications of this study emphasise the importance of strengthening innovation and digitalisation capabilities as the foundation for formulating SME development strategies that are better prepared to enter international markets.

Increasingly digitalised and globally integrated market competition demands that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) no longer merely excel in local markets, but are also capable of building sustainable competitiveness in broader markets. Recent literature indicates that innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks are increasingly viewed as strategic determinants of MSME competitiveness, although the relationships between these variables are often examined in isolation and are not always consistent. This study aims to analyse the influence of innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks on the global competitiveness of MSMEs. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 200 owners or principal managers of SMEs in East Java, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results of the analysis indicate that innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks have a positive and significant influence on the global competitiveness of SMEs. The path coefficient values indicate that digital capabilities are the strongest predictor, followed by international networks and innovation. These findings confirm that strengthening the global competitiveness of MSMEs requires an integrated strategy that links value renewal, digital transformation, and the sustainable development of external networks.

The tomb of Ario Damar in Palembang City represents one of the important historical sites for understanding the political, social, and religious dynamics during the transitional period from the influence of the Majapahit Kingdom to the development of Islam in the South Sumatra region. The study of this site employs the historical method through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation of the Ario Damar tomb complex and literature studies derived from scientific journals, academic articles, and relevant historiographical works. The analysis indicates that the existence of the Ario Damar tomb not only represents a physical relic of a prominent figure within the governmental structure of Palembang in the fifteenth century but also serves as material evidence reflecting the process of cultural and religious transformation in the region. The tomb site demonstrates historical connections between the political authority of Majapahit, the early development of Islam in Palembang, and the political and cultural relations between Java and Sumatra. In addition to its historical significance, the Ario Damar tomb also holds social and cultural functions as a space of collective memory for the community, which continues to be used as a site of pilgrimage and historical reflection. Therefore, the preservation of the Ario Damar tomb site is essential to maintain cultural heritage while strengthening its role as a source of local historical learning and the development of sustainable historical tourism.

This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

Fruit rot disease is one of the main obstacles in the cultivation of guava (Psidium guajava) because it directly reduces the quality and selling value of the harvest. This research aims to identify and characterize the fungus that causes fruit rot disease in guava. The research was carried out by observing disease symptoms in the field, isolating the pathogen from infected fruit, as well as macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the fungus using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The results of the research show that the initial symptoms are blackish brown spots on the surface of the fruit which develop into sunken lesions and spread to cause the fruit to dry out. The fungal isolate has white colonies with a flower-like pattern and forms black aservuli. Microscopic observation shows that the conidia are fusiform, insulated, with darker pigmented middle cells and have a transparent appendix. Based on these morphological characters, the fungus that causes fruit rot disease in guava is thought to belong to the genus Pestalotiopsis sp. Further research is needed through molecular approaches, such as PCR or DNA sequencing, as well as pathogenicity tests to strengthen and confirm the role of this fungus as the main cause of fruit rot disease.

This study aims to determine the leadership strategies of school principals in improving the performance and discipline of teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafiiyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo Pemalang, Central Java, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors when these leadership strategies are implemented. This study uses field research with a descriptive approach. The data collected was verbal data or words rather than numbers. The location of this research was at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency. The informants in this study were the principal and classroom teachers. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found by the researcher regarding the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance and discipline at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency, are as follows: (a) conducting supervision (b) setting an example (c) motivating teaching staff (d) providing adequate facilities and infrastructure (e) providing opportunities to attend training or education (f) conducting evaluations. Meanwhile, the supporting and inhibiting factors are divided into several parts. First, there are two supporting factors, namely (a) a sense of togetherness and kinship within the school environment, and (b) the principal's commitment to improving school quality. Meanwhile, there are two inhibiting factors, namely (a) the suboptimal time management of teachers and (b) the work environment. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the principal's leadership strategy plays a very important role in improving the performance and discipline of teachers at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency. The implementation of appropriate strategies, supported by a sense of togetherness and the principal's commitment, can have a positive impact on teacher professionalism. However, there are still several inhibiting factors that need attention so that the implementation of leadership strategies can run more optimally.

Cultural traditions play a vital role in sustainable tourism by shaping social values, collective identity, and long-term cultural continuity. Caos Dahar, a Javanese practice involving communal food preparation and sharing, serves as an expression of gratitude, spirituality, and social cohesion. Despite its cultural significance, it has been rarely examined from a management perspective, particularly in relation to its integration into sustainable tourism systems. This study analyzes Caos Dahar as a form of cultural tradition management and explores its contribution to sustainable tourism. The research highlights the lack of management-oriented studies combining cultural traditions with sustainability frameworks. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, using secondary qualitative data from documented practices and relevant academic literature. Data were analyzed using thematic categorization and interpreted through a multi-theoretical framework, including motivation theory (ERG), social network theory, and cultural philosophy. The findings reveal that Caos Dahar functions as a managed cultural practice, involving implicit management processes such as planning, coordination, and role distribution. The tradition fulfills existential, relational, and growth-oriented needs, sustains social networks, and exhibits adaptability across various cultural dimensions. These characteristics enable Caos Dahar to contribute to the social, economic, and cultural aspects of sustainability within tourism. The study concludes that cultural traditions can be viewed as intangible strategic resources when properly managed. This research expands management and tourism studies by offering a management-oriented interpretation of cultural traditions and moving beyond outcome-based sustainability perspectives toward process-oriented cultural tradition management.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy with a contribution of more than 60 percent to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of 97 percent of the national workforce, but their participation in international trade is still low with only 14 percent involved in export activities. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in accessing the global market and identify adaptation strategies developed by entrepreneurs. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied through in-depth interviews with 18 export-oriented MSME owners and managers in East Java who were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti revealed seven main challenges including limited access to capital, complexity of export regulations, constraints on production capacity and quality consistency, language and cross-cultural communication barriers, lack of international market information, logistics infrastructure problems, and intensive competition. On the other hand, four strategic opportunities were identified, namely increasing demand for sustainable authentic products, accelerating digitalization and e-commerce, utilizing free trade agreements, and ethical consumerism trends. MSMEs develop effective adaptation strategies in the form of strategic collaboration, product differentiation with  premium positioning, the use of digital technology, and a focus on  specific market niches. The research emphasizes that the successful internationalization of MSMEs requires a holistic approach integrating internal capacity building with the support of a conducive external ecosystem.

Tegal Regency is a region in Central Java Province. Geographically, Tegal Regency is situated on a highly advantaged path. This regency, with its capital in Slawi, boasts a diverse range of economic centers spread across several regions. Dominated by small and medium-sized industries, the community can be empowered and participate in improving their well-being through job creation. Small and Medium Industry centers are highly diverse. One area we highlight in this article is the potential of metal and machinery SMEs, which are crucial commodities in the local economy. The metal industry is located around Talang District. The metal and machinery sector holds significant promise due to the potential for increased manufacturing demand, which can boost the local economy. In this study, we used field research and interviews to understand how the SME economy operates. By highlighting this, we hope that the government will focus on SMEs, particularly in the metal and machinery sector, by providing incentives for training and improving product quality and human resources. Based on the above description, local economic growth is highly possible with the support of adequate facilities and infrastructure.