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Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health problem among pregnant women in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 37.1% and higher rates in regions such as Brebes Regency. Adequate nutritional knowledge and sufficient iron intake are expected to prevent decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the third trimester. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, iron intake adequacy, and Hb levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Puskesmas Brebes. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 62 respondents using total sampling. Data were collected through a nutritional knowledge questionnaire, a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess iron intake based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 27 mg/day, and Hb measurement using a digital device. The prevalence of anemia was 32.3%, with a mean Hb level of 11.25 ± 1.74 g/dL. Most respondents had high nutritional knowledge (72.6%), but 79.0% had inadequate iron intake. Chi-Square analysis showed no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and Hb levels (p=0.109) or between iron intake adequacy and Hb levels (p=0.426). Other factors, including iron absorption inhibitors, compliance with iron supplementation, nutritional status, and limited sample size, may have influenced the results.

Iron deficiency anemia is a significant public health problem in pregnant women, because it can cause maternal and fetal complications. Compliance with iron tablet consumption is often low due to limited knowledge, side effects, and cultural misconceptions. Leaflet-based education is a low-cost intervention that has the potential to improve understanding and compliance. This study aims to analyze the effect of leaflet education on the adherence of iron tablet consumption in pregnant women at the Pujon Health Center, Batu. The research design used a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 40 pregnant women were divided into an intervention group (n = 20) that received leaflet education and a control group (n = 20) that received standard counseling. Compliance was measured over four weeks through self-consumption records and tablet count calculations, while knowledge was assessed with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis used the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed a significant improvement in adherence in the intervention group, with 70% of pregnant women complying compared to 15% in the control group (p = 0.001). Leaflet education also increased knowledge scores and consistency of iron tablet consumption. The conclusion of this study confirms that leaflet education is effective in increasing iron supplementation adherence, so it is recommended to be integrated into routine antenatal services to prevent anemia and support maternal and fetal health.

Anemia is one of the most common health problems among pregnant women and remains a major challenge in midwifery services. Anemia in pregnancy is primarily caused by iron deficiency, which leads to decreased hemoglobin levels and poses a risk of impaired fetal growth as well as an increased likelihood of delivery complications. Anemia in pregnant women is also one of the contributing factors to the high maternal and neonatal mortality rates (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). This study aimed to determine the effect of iron (Fe) supplement consumption patterns on the risk of anemia among pregnant women at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quantitative design with a descriptive correlational approach. The population of this study comprised all pregnant women attending BPM Aida Nospita in Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 45 participants. The results of the analysis indicated a significant relationship between the pattern of iron (Fe) supplement consumption and the risk of anemia in pregnant women (p = 0.000).