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Communication is a crucial element in the learning process, particularly in the education of students with special needs who possess diverse characteristics, abilities, and communication requirements. These differences require teachers to implement adaptive communication strategies to ensure that learning messages are effectively conveyed and understood by students. This study aims to analyze the communication at SLB YPAC Medan. The subjects of this study specifically focused on third-grade students with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) and slow learners. The. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers apply communication strategies through a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of simple language, repetition of learning materials, and step-by-step instructions tailored to students’ abilities. Meanwhile, nonverbal communication is expressed through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and the use of visual learning media to clarify instructional messages. In addition, interpersonal approaches emphasizing patience, attention, empathy, and emotional closeness were found to enhance the effectiveness of teacher–student interactions. Supporting factors include adequate school facilities, psychological services, and therapy programs, while inhibiting factors involve differences in students’ characteristics and limitations in their communication abilities. This study concludes that adaptive communication strategies that accommodate individual student needs play a significant role in creating an effective, comfortable, and supportive learning environment for students with special needs.

Collaboration between classroom teachers and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers constitutes an essential strategy for instilling religious moderation values in elementary schools. This study aims to: (1) describe the forms of collaboration developed between classroom teachers and PAI teachers; (2) assess the effectiveness of such collaboration in inculcating religious moderation values; (3) identify changes in students' attitudes as tangible outcomes of collaboration; and (4) analyze supporting and inhibiting factors of collaboration at SDN 3 Wanamekar. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using field study methods. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document review. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data credibility was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. Findings indicate that collaboration occurs in two primary forms: reactive collaboration as a spontaneous response to students' intolerant behavior, and planned collaboration involving curriculum coordination, partial co-teaching, and joint evaluation. Collaboration was assessed as sufficiently effective yet suboptimal due to time constraints and excessive administrative burdens. Positive changes in students' tolerance and inclusive attitudes were identified as concrete outcomes. Supporting factors include favorable interpersonal communication, principal support, and moderation value integration in the Merdeka Curriculum. Main inhibiting factors are time limitations, administrative burdens, shallow conceptual understanding of religious moderation, and the absence of a standardized collaboration model. The study recommends establishing structured collaboration schedules and religious moderation training programs for all teachers.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly influenced various aspects of children's and adolescents' lives, particularly emotional development and social interaction. Excessive and uncontrolled use of digital media may negatively affect emotional regulation, communication skills, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, educational institutions play an important role in helping students develop positive character and social behavior. Islamic Religious Education (IRE) is expected to contribute to character formation by instilling moral values, strengthening self-control, and encouraging healthy social interactions. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education learning on the emotional development and social interaction of late childhood students in the digitalization era. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 40 students at MIS As-Syafi'iyah 10 Bogor in 2026. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The findings revealed that 32 respondents (80%) demonstrated a good level of Islamic Religious Education learning. In addition, 23 respondents (57.5%) showed good emotional development, while 28 respondents (70%) demonstrated good social interaction. Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05), indicating a significant effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education learning on students' emotional development and social interaction. These findings suggest that Islamic Religious Education contributes positively to fostering emotional maturity and improving social relationships among students in the digital era.

The phenomenon of Generation Z’s political electability in the 2024 Legislative Election reflects a shift in patterns of political representation at the local level. The success of Generation Z candidates in securing legislative seats in Jambi City has become a noteworthy phenomenon, particularly amid the dominance of politicians from older generations. This study aims to analyze the political personal branding strategies employed by Generation Z candidates in building their electability in the 2024 Legislative Election in Jambi City. The research adopts a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review. The analysis is based on Peter Montoya’s Personal Branding theory, which consists of specialization, Leadership, Personality, Distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence, and goodwill. The findings reveal that the electability of Generation Z candidates is influenced not only by their young age or social media presence but also by their ability to establish social closeness with the community, maintain consistency in political behavior, engage in intensive interpersonal communication, and actively participate in social and community activities. Personal branding strategies that are developed consistently and sustainably have proven effective in fostering public trust and strengthening political legitimacy at the local level. The study concludes that political personal branding is one of the key factors contributing to the electability of Generation Z candidates in the 2024 Legislative Election in Jambi City.

The development of information and communication technology has increased the use of gadgets among high school students. Gadgets provide convenience in the learning process, but also have the potential to affect students' social behavior patterns. This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of gadget use on the social behavior patterns of students at SMA Negeri 3 Salatiga. This study uses a mixed methods approach, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while quantitative data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to 72 students in grades XI-5 and XI-7 who were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The results of the study showed that the use of gadgets had an effect on decreasing the intensity of direct social interaction, reduced empathy for the surrounding environment, weakening interpersonal communication with peers and teachers, and low cooperation in group activities. Students tend to focus more on the use of gadgets than active involvement in social activities in the school environment. Therefore, it is necessary for schools, teachers, and parents to supervise and guide the use of gadgets wisely so as not to hinder students' social development.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assertive communication techniques in cross-cultural counseling for reducing avoidance behavior among students experiencing interpersonal friendship conflicts. Cultural differences between counselors and clients may influence communication patterns, emotional expression, and conflict resolution processes during counseling sessions. Friendship conflicts among university students commonly arise from jealousy, misunderstanding, social comparison, and ineffective interpersonal communication. These conditions often encourage students to avoid direct interaction to prevent further conflict. This study employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The participants were students who experienced friendship conflicts and demonstrated avoidance behavior tendencies. Data were collected through counseling individual. The intervention was delivered through counseling sessions that used assertive communication techniques and combined behavioral and humanistic approaches in a cross-cultural counseling setting. The findings revealed that assertive communication techniques were effective in reducing students’ avoidance behavior. After receiving the intervention, participants demonstrated greater confidence in expressing opinions, improved emotional regulation, increased openness in communication, and healthier interpersonal relationships. The study indicates that assertive communication in cross-cultural counseling can serve as an effective counseling strategy to help students manage interpersonal conflicts and improve social adjustment in higher education environments.

An appropriate strategy has become a crucial factor for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in maintaining customer loyalty. This study focuses on analyzing the implementation of marketing communication strategies adopted by Nasi Goreng Barokah Jaya, an MSME located in Cikampek, to retain its loyal customers. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on the 7P Marketing Mix theory developed by Kotler and Keller (2016). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, and loyal customers. The data were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while data validity was ensured through triangulation. The findings reveal that direct interaction, responsive and friendly service, word-of-mouth promotional activities, and personalized approaches serve as the main pillars in building customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is significantly influenced by product quality, price affordability, service reliability, and the emotional bond established between the business and its customers. These findings confirm that simple yet consistently implemented marketing communication strategies are effective in maintaining a loyal customer base in the culinary MSME sector.

Interpersonal problems within peer groups often become serious obstacles to the psychological and academic development of college students. This study aims to empirically examine the effectiveness of individual counseling services using cognitive restructuring techniques in reducing withdrawal behavior among college students experiencing peer conflict. The research method employed is a quantitative experiment with a Single-Subject Design approach, specifically utilizing an A-B design. The research subject  was a 6th-semester female college student, initialized as N, who experienced cognitive distortions in the form of feelings of exclusion by her five-member peer group, which triggered acute social withdrawal behavior (isolating herself in her boarding house). Data collection was conducted through a validated withdrawal behavior scale instrument, supported by clinical observations and in-depth interviews during the baseline phase (A) and the intervention phase (B). The results of the visual analysis within-conditions and between-conditions indicated a significant decrease in withdrawal behavior scores after the implementation of 4 intervention sessions. The subject was able to identify negative automatic thoughts (arbitrary inference), replace them with rational mindsets (positive thinking), feel more relieved, and commit to self-improvement. The implications of this study prove that individual counseling with cognitive restructuring techniques can be an effective intervention strategy for campus counselors to overcome cognitive distortions and interpersonal communication barriers in college students.

Hospitals play a strategic role in improving public health through professional, safe, and high-quality healthcare services. In modern healthcare organizations, service quality is not only determined by medical facilities and technology but also by the quality of human resources, particularly healthcare workers who directly interact with patients. This study aims to analyze the influence of authentic leadership on healthcare workers’ performance and hospital service quality. The study employed a quantitative explanatory research design involving 120 healthcare workers in a hospital setting. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on healthcare workers’ performance, with a regression coefficient value of 0.648 and a significance level of 0.000. Furthermore, authentic leadership indirectly influences hospital service quality through healthcare workers’ performance, with an indirect effect value of 0.521. These findings indicate that leaders who demonstrate honesty, transparency, integrity, and interpersonal support are able to create a healthy work environment that enhances healthcare workers’ motivation, responsibility, and professionalism. Consequently, improved employee performance contributes to better hospital service quality, particularly in responsiveness, empathy, and communication with patients. This study highlights that authentic leadership is an effective leadership approach for strengthening healthcare human resources and improving hospital service quality in contemporary healthcare organizations.

This study aims to understand the role of E-Commerce in building customer loyalty, explain the process of loyalty formation, and assess how customers perceive service quality in relation to loyalty, using the GoFood service in Jombang as a case study. The rapid growth of online food delivery services has intensified competition, making customer loyalty a critical factor for sustainability. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 30 GoFood customers and several drivers in the Jombang area. The findings reveal that E-Commerce platforms significantly enhance loyalty through user-friendly application interfaces, supporting features (such as live tracking, history, and digital payments), and beneficial promotions. The loyalty formation process occurs gradually through consistent positive experiences, moving from customer satisfaction to trust, and ultimately to habitual use. Crucially, the quality of driver services—including politeness, effective communication, punctuality, and order accuracy—emerged as a key determinant of customer comfort and repeat orders. This study implies that for E-Commerce platforms to maintain a competitive edge, strategies must integrate digital convenience with consistently reliable human interactions. The research contributes empirical insights from a semi-urban Indonesian context, highlighting that customer loyalty is not merely transactional but is built on a combination of technological ease, economic value, and positive interpersonal service experiences.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

This study aims to explore the implementation of communication within routine counselling programmes as an intervention strategy to address student mental health issues at SMP Tri Guna Bhakti Surabaya. The investigation focuses on three primary problems: broken home backgrounds, lack of parental attention, and economic limitations. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentary studies involving school counsellors, teachers, students, and parents. Grounded in Interpersonal Communication Theory and Therapeutic Communication Theory, the analysis reveals that routine counselling programmes serve as a vital communication platform enabling empathetic, open dialogue between counsellors and students experiencing psychological distress. Key findings indicate that effective counselling communication requires consistent trust-building, active listening, and culturally sensitive message delivery tailored to each student’s unique circumstances. However, the study identifies significant systemic barriers, including student reluctance to disclose personal problems due to social stigma, limited counsellor availability, and insufficient parental engagement in follow-up communication. Despite these critical challenges, the implementation of the programme demonstrates substantial positive outcomes, including reduced student anxiety, improved academic motivation, and fostered psychological resilience. The study concludes that integrating structured interpersonal and therapeutic communication strategies within school counselling frameworks is essential for creating supportive, inclusive educational environments. These strategies are crucial to effectively address the multifaceted, urgent mental health needs of adolescents from vulnerable socioeconomic backgrounds, providing a scalable model for similar urban educational institutions.

Leadership in educational management has a strategic role in determining the success of educational implementation. This study aims to examine the integrative paradigm between psychology and leadership in educational management, focusing on the psychological dimensions of educational leadership. This research employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026 through Google Scholar using Publish or Perish. The findings indicate that the integration of psychological perspectives into leadership significantly enhances organizational effectiveness, particularly in fostering work motivation, strengthening interpersonal communication, and improving adaptive decision-making. Furthermore, psychological approaches contribute to conflict management and the development of a positive organizational climate. The study also highlights that leadership effectiveness is strongly influenced by psychological characteristics such as personality, emotional intelligence, and empathy. Therefore, integrating psychology into leadership serves as a strategic foundation for advancing educational management and improving human resource performance sustainably.

This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of individuals in relationships with partners with Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) tendencies through a qualitative approach. AvPD is characterized by a pattern of feelings of inadequacy, high sensitivity to rejection, and a tendency to avoid intense social interactions, including intimate relationships. The research method used a phenomenological design with in-depth interviews with three participants who had experience in romantic relationships with individuals with AvPD symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns of experience. The results showed that individuals in these relationships often experience complex emotional dynamics, such as confusion, frustration, and feelings of emotional unfulfillment. Participants expressed difficulties in building emotional closeness because their partners tended to maintain distance, avoid conflict, and have an excessive fear of rejection. On the other hand, participants also showed high empathy and attempted to understand their partners' psychological conditions, although this often resulted in emotional exhaustion. This study highlights the importance of psychological understanding, effective communication, and professional support in maintaining relationships with individuals with AvPD tendencies. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of psychological interventions and increase awareness of the dynamics of interpersonal relationships involving personality disorders.

The dominance of digital technology in contemporary society has led to a shift in human values. Technology no longer serves merely as a tool but has evolved into a crucial system shaping interaction, communication, and behavior. This study uses qualitative methods to examine how digital technology influences human values in modern society. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out, incorporating thematic analysis of relevant sources. According to this study, the prevalence of digital technology has significantly transformed many aspects of social life. This includes the transition from a user-centered paradigm to a more automated system-centered paradigm; the conversion of human identity into data representation in digital systems; as well as the move from in-person to online communication within social exchanges. These effects undermine the quality of social relationships, reduce empathy and interpersonal interaction, increase dependence on technology, and lead to dehumanization. Furthermore, changes in information perception have the potential to improve digital literacy but simultaneously reduce the quality of critical public reflection. Nevertheless, digital technology continues to offer advantages such as easier access to information and productivity gains. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to improve user-centered technology, digital skills, and adaptable regulations.

This study aims to analyze the influence of effective communication on the emotional intelligence of early childhood. Effective communication is the process of conveying clear, empathetic, and responsive messages between educators or parents and children, which plays a crucial role in shaping children's abilities to recognize, understand, and manage emotions. Emotional intelligence is an essential aspect of child development because it supports social adaptation, self-regulation, and positive interpersonal relationships. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The subjects were early childhood education institutions attending early childhood education institutions, with data collection techniques through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed using statistical procedures to determine the relationship between the variables studied. The results showed a significant influence between effective communication and children's emotional intelligence. Children who receive good communication tend to have higher empathy skills, are able to control their emotions, and establish positive social relationships. In addition, effective communication helps children express their feelings appropriately and develop self-confidence. Thus, effective communication is an important factor in the development of emotional intelligence in early childhood. This research is expected to serve as a reference for educators and parents in improving the quality of interactions with children and supporting optimal child development.

This research aims to analyze the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing the performance and effectiveness of educational organizations through a systematic literature review. The development of modern educational organizations demands human resource management that is not only oriented toward administrative aspects but also considers the psychological dynamics of individuals, including behavior, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles from the Google Scholar database. The results of the study indicate that management psychology contributes significantly to organizational productivity through three main aspects: effective organizational communication to build trust, psychology-based leadership that increases work motivation and satisfaction through recognition and fairness, and constructive conflict management that transforms tension into opportunities for innovation. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the integration of various psychological dimensions, such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and self-efficacy, is a key element in creating a conducive work environment. Therefore, leaders of educational institutions are advised to adopt a humanistic leadership style to optimize the potential of human resources and achieve superior educational quality in a sustainable and effective manner within the modern era.

The development of digital technology has transformed interpersonal interaction patterns through online dating applications such as Tinder. Even though the use of Tinder in Indonesia has increased significantly, there are striking differences in communication styles between male and female users in managing these digital relationships. This study aims to analyze in depth the communication style of men as Tinder users in the digital dating search process. Using the framework of four main communication styles: emotive, director, reflective, and supportive style traits, this research explores how men navigate interactions that lack verbal cues and are asynchronous. The research method used is phenomenology by collecting data through participatory observation in the application and in-depth interviews with five male informants who are active Tinder users. The results of the study show that each informant applies different communication styles to build comfort and a positive self-image (selective self-presentation) to achieve their romantic goals. These findings identify that variations in men's communication styles are influenced by risk perception, privacy management, and self-presentation strategies in digital spaces. This research contributes to the literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the context of online dating dynamics in Indonesia.