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Indonesia ranks second as the world’s largest fishery-producing country. However, this potential contrasts with the relatively small and stagnant contribution of fishery exports to the GDP each year when compared to other export commodities in the agricultural sector. This study aims to determine the export competitiveness of fisheries and the effect of Indonesia’s GDP, the GDP of destination countries, Indonesia’s population growth rate, the population growth rate of destination countries, and economic distance simultaneously and partially on the value of Indonesia’s fishery exports to 20 destination countries. This research uses panel data, consisting of cross-section and time series data for the period 2018–2022. The data analysis technique employs panel data regression with the assistance of the Eviews-12 analysis tool. The results show that Indonesia’s GDP, the GDP of destination countries, Indonesia’s population growth rate, the population growth rate of destination countries, and economic distance simultaneously have an effect on Indonesia’s fishery exports. The population growth rate of destination countries has no effect on fishery exports, while economic distance has a significant negative effect on Indonesia’s fishery exports.

The 2020–2024 period is a crucial time for the Indonesian economy, which is facing severe pressure due to the COVID-19 pandemic and global economic dynamics. This study aims to analyze the development of the national economic condition over the past five years through key macroeconomic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), forest area, industrial sector contribution, high-tech exports, domestic credit, trade in goods, and gross national income per capita (GNI per capita). The method used is descriptive quantitative based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and secondary sources from national and international institutions. The results show that despite a contraction in 2020 due to the pandemic, the recovery process has been rapid since 2021, with stable economic growth in the range of 5% until 2024. Increased GNI per capita, improved foreign investment flows, and the expansion of economic digitalization are key factors strengthening national resilience. However, challenges remain, such as a decline in the industrial sector's contribution and a reduction in forest area. These findings confirm that Indonesia's economic development is moving toward a structural transformation oriented toward sustainability, sector diversification, and social inclusiveness. Overall, the 2020–2024 period reflects a phase of recovery and restructuring of the economic foundations toward achieving the Vision of a Golden Indonesia 2045 with global competitiveness.

The emergence of various commonwealths, alliances, and other forms of inter-state organizations has significantly influenced the course of existing international cooperation. Cooperation between countries serves not only as a platform for strengthening political and social relations but also as a key element in meeting domestic needs that cannot be met independently through a country's self-help programs. Therefore, international cooperation is an aspect that is continuously maintained and strengthened by countries worldwide. Historically, cooperative relations between countries have generally developed as a result of the increasing ties that have existed over time. This dynamic involves various sectors, including economics, trade, and investment, further demonstrating the crucial role of international relations in a country's progress. Countries involved in this cooperation benefit each other, both in meeting domestic needs and in increasing their economic capacity through innovation and collaboration. The data sources for this study were obtained from documents obtained through internet media, which were then processed and analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of international cooperation. This study uses a quantitative approach, focusing on the analysis of investment flows into the country. Increased investment flows will drive higher growth in goods production, which in turn will strengthen trade activities, including exports to destination countries such as China. Furthermore, increased investment also contributes to the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries. This GDP increase will positively impact Indonesia's trade balance, particularly with China, one of its major trading partners in the Asian region.

International trade plays a vital role in strengthening Indonesia’s economic growth, particularly through the export of fishery products which are among the country’s leading commodities. Fresh fish exports are highly influenced by external demand factors in destination countries as well as Indonesia’s own production capacity. This study aims to analyze the determinants affecting Indonesia’s fresh fish exports to its main trading partners, namely China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, over the period 2012–2023. The research utilizes secondary data sourced from the World Bank and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Several independent variables are considered, including the fish production levels in the importing country, the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the importing country, and the total population of the importing country. Panel data analysis was employed to capture the variations across time and countries, with the Random Effect Model (REM) chosen based on the results of the model specification tests. The findings of the analysis indicate that fish production in the importing country exerts a negative and statistically significant effect on Indonesia’s fresh fish exports, suggesting that higher domestic fish production in these countries reduces the need for imports. Conversely, the real GDP per capita of the importing country and its population size were found to have positive and significant impacts on Indonesia’s export volumes. These results highlight that wealthier and more populous nations demonstrate stronger demand for imported fresh fish, including from Indonesia. The implications of this study underscore the importance for Indonesia to continuously improve the quality, safety, and competitiveness of its fresh fish products while also adopting effective marketing and trade strategies targeting countries with high purchasing power and large consumer bases.

International Trade is an economic transaction carried out between countries. Among the items commonly stored are consumer goods, such as televisions and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery, raw materials and food. In almost all countries, international trade is an effort to increase GDP. Economic growth is an increase in the ability of a country's economy to produce both goods and services in quantity. In general, the high or low population of a country, the birth rate and death rate greatly influence a country's economy because productivity, education, and investment in physical capital since improving longevity create greater needs. The type of research used is qualitative research, qualitative research is research that produces several findings that cannot be obtained using statistical procedures or quantitative methods. With the existence of International Business in Indonesia, Economic Growth will increase. The reason is that the supply and increase for foreign products from the Indonesian people will continue to increase. For this reason, companies or industries in Indonesia will often experience increases and growth, such as the development of the textile, shrimp, coffee and so on industries. With the existence of international business, the prosperity and welfare of society in Indonesia is developing well due to the opening of various kinds of employment opportunities, so that there can be a reduction in the level of poverty in Indonesia.

International trade greatly affects the economic growth of a country. One indicator of economic growth is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study uses the scientific method approach and hypothesis testing. Types and sources of data used are quantitative data. International Trade has several positive impacts and negative impacts on the Indonesian state. International trade and economic growth are two things that cannot be separated because it is through free markets or international trade that a country's economic growth can increase.

International trade greatly affects a country's economic growth. One of the indicators for reviewing a country's economic growth is to look at the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is the accumulation of all market value generated by a country for the production of goods and services in a certain period. In GDP, there are results of calculating the value of export and import activities that affect the size or size of the country's GDP. The more exports of a country increase, the income of that country will also increase. This is also in line with the theory of international trade proposed by Heckscher-Ohlin which states that Net-Export or net export is one of the most important factors of Gross National Product (GNP), so that with changes in the value of Net-Export it will have an influence on changes in national income.The research method used in this study is to use qualitative descriptive analysis. This method is carried out by describing the phenomena that occur as a result of international trade carried out by Indonesia on Indonesia's economic growth. The data used in this study is data obtained from the analysis of various sources and journals with a vulnerable time of 2017 - 2022.