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General Election (Pemilu) is a fundamental pillar of democracy that often faces various challenges, including legal violations that undermine its integrity. To overcome this, the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu) was formed as a collaboration between Bawaslu, the Police, and the Attorney General's Office to accelerate the handling of election violations. However, the strict handling time limit of 14 working days is a major challenge in achieving fair and effective decisions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the handling time of election violations by Gakkumdu and identify the inhibiting factors. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, this study found that the main obstacles include inter-agency coordination, sectoral ego, limited human resources, and lack of supporting technology. In addition, differences in legal interpretation and low public legal awareness also slowed down the enforcement process. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Gakkumdu handling time is not optimal and requires policy reform. Recommendations include simplifying procedures, cross-agency training, utilizing technology, and educating the public. These reforms are expected to improve election integrity and support a fairer democracy.

The notary profession in Indonesia is experiencing a critical transformation driven by technological advancements, changing legal landscapes, and the imperative of modernization. This research comprehensively examines the current regulatory framework governing notaries, analyzing the multifaceted challenges and potential opportunities for substantive reform in the contemporary legal ecosystem.The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative legal analysis, comparative research, and empirical investigation to provide a holistic understanding of the notary profession's evolving role. Through in-depth examination of existing regulations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative international perspectives, the research identifies key systemic barriers and innovative pathways for professional development.Critical findings reveal significant challenges, including technological adaptation gaps, regulatory inflexibility, and inconsistent professional standards. The research highlights the urgent need for a dynamic regulatory approach that balances traditional legal principles with emerging digital authentication technologies. Key opportunities emerge in areas such as blockchain-based document verification, comprehensive digital skills training, and adaptive professional development frameworks.The study proposes a comprehensive reformation strategy encompassing technological infrastructure development, professional skills enhancement, and regulatory modernization. Recommendations include establishing dedicated innovation units, implementing mandatory technology training programs, and creating flexible regulatory mechanisms that can rapidly respond to technological and professional landscape changes. By providing a nuanced analysis of the notary profession's current state and future potential, this research contributes critical insights to the discourse on legal professional modernization in Indonesia. The findings underscore the essential role of strategic, forward-looking reforms in ensuring the continued relevance, effectiveness, and integrity of notarial services in the digital era.

This study investigates the use of administrative ethics to increase the professionalism of public services in the West Sumatra Provincial Government Social Service. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders and surveys of staff and service users using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). Research shows that the application of administrative ethics principles such as transparency, accountability and fairness significantly increases the professionalism of the apparatus and the quality of public services. Integrity, public trust, and operational efficiency of agencies can be strengthened by a strong ethical culture. In addition, this research found that continuous training, improving operational standards, and the use of information technology can help overcome problems such as employees' lack of understanding of administrative ethics and weaknesses in supervisory systems. Policy recommendations are made to encourage public services that are more responsive, professional and in line with community expectations.  

This paper aims to provide knowledge about the role of the General Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) in handling administrative election violations. Bawaslu, as an independent institution, has the main task of supervising all stages of the general election and ensuring that its implementation runs in accordance with applicable legal provisions. Administrative election violations, which include actions that are not in accordance with administrative election regulations, are one of the main focuses of Bawaslu's supervision. Handling these administrative violations is very important to maintain the integrity of the election and public trust in the democratic process. Handling administrative election violations by Bawaslu, from the prevention stage to enforcement. In addition, various challenges faced by Bawaslu in carrying out its role are also described, such as limited human resources and supporting facilities, as well as the complexity of administrative violation cases. As a result, the role of Bawaslu in handling administrative election violations is very important in maintaining election participants' compliance with the rules, although there are still several obstacles that affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this supervision. Therefore, increasing capacity and cross-institutional cooperation is crucial to strengthening Bawaslu's supervisory function in the future.

The Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional state, as specified in Article 1, Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. As a nation that upholds the rule of law as the highest authority in its governmental system, the existence of the Judiciary plays a central role as an absolute requirement for upholding the supremacy of law to ensure justice. According to the provisions of Article 24, Paragraph (2), the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are institutions with the highest authority in enforcing law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. The 2024 Indonesian Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, also known as the 2024 Presidential Election, is the fifth such election in Indonesia to choose the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this election triggered various reactions from different groups. Criticism of the results, particularly from opposing candidates, was not uncommon. This debate occurred not only among political elites but also within the broader community. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the results of the 2024 Presidential Election and its impact on Indonesia's political and legal systems. This research employs a normative juridical legal approach, using library research as the primary data source. The study reveals that in resolving disputes over the 2024 Presidential Election results, the Constitutional Court considered valid and relevant evidence, despite dissenting opinions from some judges. The decision's impact-both in terms of the winner's legitimacy and public perception-can either enhance or deteriorate public views on the quality of Indonesia's democracy. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the role of the Constitutional Court in safeguarding electoral integrity, addressing political controversies, and its implications for Indonesia's future political system.

Document forgery is one of the criminal offenses that can damage the integrity of the legal system, affect public trust, and disrupt social order. This study aims to review the criminal law regulation related to document forgery in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and identify challenges in law enforcement. Based on the analysis of Articles 263 and 264 of the Criminal Code, it is found that criminal law in Indonesia has clearly regulated document forgery, by providing criminal sanctions to perpetrators who create, alter, or use fake documents for fraudulent purposes. However, the implementation of criminal law related to document forgery cases still faces various obstacles, such as limited evidence and the development of information technology that requires regulatory adjustments. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the law enforcement system, improve legal education to the public, and adjust the rule of law to technological developments. This research provides suggestions to improve the efficiency of handling document forgery cases through strengthening coordination between legal institutions and updating relevant regulations.

Political law is the basic policy that is the basis for the formation, implementation and enforcement of law in a country. In the context of criminal cases in Indonesia, legal politics is reflected in the judge's considerations when handing down a decision. This research aims to analyze how legal politics influences judges' considerations in criminal cases and the extent to which these factors reflect substantive justice, legal certainty and legal benefits. By using a normative juridical approach and analysis of court decisions, this research finds that judges' considerations are influenced by various factors, such as statutory regulations, legal doctrine, jurisprudence, and social values ​​that develop in society. The legal politics applied by judges in their decisions often show an attempt to balance the need for legal certainty with substantive justice. However, in some cases, it was found that judges' considerations could be influenced by external pressures or developing political dynamics, which had the potential to cloud the principle of judicial independence. These findings provide important insights for policy makers and law enforcers to strengthen a justice system that is oriented towards justice and integrity.

Legal protection for daily cooperatives is very important to ensure that their duties are carried out fairly, in accordance with applicable regulations, and without violating the rights of cooperative members. However, in the implementation of this task, there are often unwanted situations, such as violent crimes that can threaten the safety and integrity of daily cooperative employees. The inability to pay debts can trigger emotions and frustration on the part of borrowers, which in turn can trigger acts of violence against daily cooperative employees in the city of Kupang. Based on the above background, the following problem formulation is proposed: (1) What are the factors that encourage the occurrence of acts of violence against cooperative employees when carrying out collection duties? (2) What is the form of legal protection provided by the government to cooperative employees when carrying out collection duties?. This research was carried out in Kupang City, precisely at the PNM Mekaar Office, Kelapa Lima Kupang Branch. This research is an empirical legal research, which is carried out with a legislative approach and a case approach. The data were analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was obtained that: (1) factors that encourage acts of violence against cooperative employees when carrying out collection duties, including: (a) Internal factors, including; (a) morality and education, (b) low consumer income factors, (c) consumer economic pressure, (d) uncontrolled emotions, (e) the influence of alcohol. b) External factors, including; (a) risky environmental factors, (b) social factors. (2) Forms of legal protection provided by the government to cooperative employees when carrying out collection duties, including: (a) Preemptive protection: can mean taking preventive measures. (b) Preventive Protection: This protection involves various policies, regulations, and mechanisms. (c) Repressive protection: actions taken to address, stop, or punish unlawful acts. The author's advice is to report the incident of violence to your superior, cooperative management, or the authorities as soon as possible. Make sure to follow the cooperative's internal procedures related to complaints and handling of violence.

Entrepreneurship is one of the main pillars of economic development in modern societies. However, the practice of entrepreneurship often faces complex ethical and moral challenges amidst the dynamics of globalization. This article aims to explore how the values of Christian religious education can provide a spiritual and ethical foundation in addressing these challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research examines a range of relevant academic literature, including articles and books, to illustrate the potential integration between Christian religious education and entrepreneurial spirit development. The results show that values such as integrity, justice, responsibility and love can serve as moral guidelines for Christian entrepreneurs to face modern challenges without losing the essence of their faith. Christian religious education plays a role not only in shaping individual character, but also in creating entrepreneurs who have the vision to bring positive social impact. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in education that integrates spiritual values and entrepreneurial practices to create a more equitable and sustainable society. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a Christian values-based entrepreneurship education model, as well as a solution to the moral challenges in entrepreneurship in the modern era.

Law enforcement of road transportation traffic is one of the important aspects in maintaining road safety and order. However, the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluating the performance of Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) in law enforcement is often hampered by unstructured processes and lack of transparency in reporting. This research aims to analyze the role of information technology (IT)-based system development in improving transparency, efficiency, and accountability in monitoring and evaluating PPNS performance. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, which involves analyzing the application of information systems in institutions that handle traffic law enforcement. The results showed that IT systems can improve transparency by providing clear and real-time data access, increase efficiency by speeding up data processing and analysis, and strengthen accountability through auditable digital records. The study concludes that the development and implementation of IT systems in the oversight of PPNS performance not only improves the effectiveness of traffic law enforcement, but also strengthens the integrity and public trust in the institutions that carry out these tasks. The implementation of IT systems is expected to be a strategic solution in improving the quality of public services in the field of traffic law.

Corruption has been a well-known problem in Indonesia for a long time. News of corruption cases often becomes a hot topic, especially in this digital age where information spreads rapidly. Unfortunately, statistics show that public reaction to corruption cases in 2024 was more permissive than in the previous year. This is undoubtedly a hindrance in realizing the vision of Indonesia Gold 2045. Therefore, as one of the efforts, a socialization on law enforcement and anti-corruption was conducted at SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta on October 15, 2024, aiming to create a young generation that is law-abiding and anti-corruption. In this activity, students were invited to understand corruption in depth, including the legal basis, the impact of corruption, and how to prevent the seeds of corruption from an early age. Using an interactive and engaging approach, as well as examples of familiar corruption cases, students not only learned about the law, but also developed an awareness of the importance of maintaining integrity in their daily lives.

Narcotics crime in the military environment is a serious offense that not only violates general criminal law, but also violates the code of ethics and discipline of Indonesian National Army (TNI) soldiers. This study aims to analyze the basis of the judge's consideration in imposing additional punishment of dismissal against TNI soldiers who commit narcotics crimes. The research method used is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach where cases that have permanent legal force (inkracht van gewijsde) are studied by the author from the judge's consideration to the verdict. The results of this study indicate that the rationality of the judge's consideration in imposing additional punishment of dismissal is based on several fundamental aspects: (1) The impact of actions on military institutions (2) Factors of violation of the code of ethics and discipline of TNI soldiers (3) Consideration of professionalism and integrity of TNI soldiers.

Analyzing the implications of business law on business ethics practices in Indonesia using library research methods. Data was collected from various literature sources relevant to the research topic. The results show that business law has an important role in shaping business ethics in Indonesia. Business law regulates the rights and obligations that arise from agreements and agreements in business practices. Factors underlying business law such as developments in national development, business ethics, internal and external factors and legal awareness influence the implementation of business law in ethical and responsible business practices. Solutions that can be provided to improve the implementation of business law and ethical business practices in Indonesia are by strengthening regulations, effective law enforcement, education, government collaboration with business, accountability, and the formation of an independent supervisory body. In improving the implementation of business law, it is hoped that it can create a fair, transparent and integrity business environment and make a positive contribution to economic development and social welfare in Indonesia.

This research analyzes the role of Pancasila in criminal law reform in Indonesia, particularly in relation to corruption and terrorism. Using a normative juridical approach and qualitative analysis of regulations, court decisions, and scientific literature, this research also applies the case study method. Data was collected through official documents and interviews with legal experts and law enforcement. The results revealed a gap between Pancasila values and existing legal practices, with challenges especially in fair law enforcement. The research highlights the need for community participation and strengthening the integrity of public officials for successful reform, as well as the importance of a holistic approach that includes legal education and continuous policy evaluation.

This study aims to analyze the role of Pancasila in the process of harmonizing international law and national law in Indonesia, with a focus on extradition agreements. As the state ideology and philosophical foundation of Indonesia, Pancasila provides principles that underpin the formation and implementation of national law. This study explores how Pancasila’s values, such as social justice and humanity, influence the policies and implementation of extradition agreements, as well as the challenges faced in aligning national law with international obligations. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research demonstrates that Pancasila functions as a moral and ethical guide that reinforces the integrity of Indonesian law in the global context. The findings are expected to provide insights into how the fundamental values of the state can strengthen the harmonization between national and international law and influence foreign policy and law enforcement in Indonesia.

Enforcement of criminal law against criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia requires an approach that is not only based on positive legal provisions but also reflects the values ​​of Pancasila as the basis of the state. Pancasila, with five principles covering aspects of Divinity, Humanity, Unity, Democracy and Social Justice, provides the moral and ethical framework that underlies legal principles in Indonesia. This research aims to explore how Pancasila values ​​are applied in enforcing criminal law against corruption, as well as the challenges and obstacles faced in the implementation process. By using an analytical approach to legal literature and current case studies, this research finds that the application of Pancasila values ​​can increase integrity, transparency and justice in the legal system. Nonetheless, issues such as a widespread culture of corruption, deficiencies in the legal system, and a lack of collaboration among agencies present major challenges. This study suggests overhauling the legal system, enhancing education and training for law enforcement personnel, and promoting community engagement to better implement Pancasila values in the enforcement of criminal laws against acts of corruption. 

This study aims to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on citizenship policies in Indonesia and explore how changes in these policies can affect citizens' rights and national sovereignty. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. A literature review is a type of research conducted by collecting and analyzing existing data or scholarly articles to address problems and understand fundamental issues. The reason for using library research is that the researcher needs data from various sources such as books and previous research journals. Using this method, the researcher identifies relevant topics aligned with the research goals and then analyzes journals and books to answer questions about how FDI significantly impacts Indonesia's economy, driving growth, job creation, and global competitiveness. However, citizenship policies related to FDI require careful attention to balance investment needs with national sovereignty. Reforming policies to simplify residency and citizenship status for foreign investors could make Indonesia a more attractive investment destination, but it might also raise concerns about the impact on the rights of native citizens and national integrity. To manage these effects, Indonesia needs to develop integrated citizenship policies, conduct regular evaluations, enhance transparency, and learn from international practices. With a careful approach, Indonesia can maximize the benefits of FDI while maintaining national interests.  

This study seeks to examine the legal vacuum surrounding regional head elections that feature only a single candidate, as well as the legal implications that arise from this scenario. In a democratic system, the principle of popular sovereignty necessitates a fair and free electoral process; however, the absence of clear regulations for regional head elections with a solitary candidate can jeopardize the integrity of this principle. Employing a normative legal methodology with both legislative and conceptual approaches, this study investigates various regulations that govern regional head elections and assesses how this legal vacuum impacts the electoral process and the constitutional rights of citizens. Additionally, the study identifies several strategies to address the legal vacuum, which include establishing clear legal provisions for the election process involving a single candidate, implementing a plebiscite mechanism, and enhancing transparency throughout the electoral process. The findings suggest that a more definitive and explicit legal framework is essential to uphold the principle of popular sovereignty in regional head elections featuring a single candidate. 

This article discusses the development of an internal control system as an effort to overcome the risk of fraud in the company. Through in-depth analysis of existing policies, procedures and practices, this research identifies key elements that can strengthen organizational integrity. Using a case study approach, this article shows how implementing effective controls, employee training, and reporting mechanisms can increase transparency and accountability. The results of this research conclude that a comprehensive internal control system not only reduces the risk of corruption, but also encourages an ethical culture in the work environment, thereby supporting the company's sustainability and reputation.

Corruption is one of the biggest challenges for many companies in various industries. Implementing an anti-corruption policy is an important step in maintaining integrity, reputation and continuity of the institution. This article explains how companies can design and implement effective anti-corruption policies. Key elements of this policy include employee training, internal audits, transparency of business processes, and the application of strict sanctions for violations. Furthermore, a culture of integrity in the work environment must be built through good examples from top management. Technology can also facilitate monitoring and oversight and reduce the risk of corruption. With strict guidelines and the support of all stakeholders within the company, anti-corruption efforts can be implemented more effectively and help companies achieve sustainable growth.