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Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is often accompanied by insomnia. This condition can increase anxiety and reduce quality of life. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood pressure and improve sleep quality. This paper describes nursing care for elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia through PMR application at RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam City in 2025. A case study approach was used through the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main nursing diagnosis was sleep pattern disturbance related to physical discomfort and anxiety. Interventions included education and PMR exercises for six consecutive days. Results showed blood pressure decreased from 180/100 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, sleep quality improved from difficulty sleeping to 6–7 hours per night, and anxiety levels reduced. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy proved effective as an independent nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia. Nurses should use this therapy as a routine non-pharmacological intervention in gerontological nursing practice.

Background: Discomfort in third trimester pregnant women often arises due to physiological changes, with back pain being the most common complaint, occurring in 70% to 90% of cases. If left untreated, this pain can interfere with daily activities, cause insomnia, and even affect the childbirth process. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of back massage on reducing the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Adow Community Health Center. Methods: The research design used a pre experimental approach with a one group pretest posttest design. The sample consisted of 40 third trimester pregnant women experiencing back pain at Adow Community Health Center. Data were analyzed using the paired t test statistical method. Results: Before receiving back massage, the majority of respondents (57.5%) experienced moderate scale pain. After the intervention, the majority of respondents (70%) reported a reduction in pain to a mild scale. The statistical test results showed a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with an average pain reduction of 1.125. Conclusion: Back massage has a significant effect on reducing the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Adow Community Health Center.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder frequently experienced by college students and can negatively impact health and cognitive function, particularly concentration in studies. Prolonged sleep disturbances lead to fatigue, decreased attention, and decreased academic performance. Therefore, this study is important to determine the relationship between insomnia and concentration levels in college students. This type of research is descriptive quantitative using a cross-sectional approach with 100 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire. Data analysis test used Spearman Rho. The results of univariate analysis, the most insomnia is mild insomnia as many as 53 students with a percentage (53%). The most students with a moderate level of learning concentration are 67 students with a percentage (67%). The most data respondents with female gender as many as 84 with a percentage (84%). The age of the most respondents is 20 years as many as 57 students with a percentage (57%). The results of bivariate analysis with Spearman rho obtained significant results between insomnia and the level of learning concentration of 0.000, the value is <0.005 with a moderate relationship as evidenced by the r value of 0.469. There is a relationship between insomnia and learning concentration levels.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is often accompanied by insomnia. This condition can increase anxiety and reduce quality of life. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood pressure and improve sleep quality. This paper describes nursing care for elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia through PMR application at RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam City in 2025. A case study approach was used through the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main nursing diagnosis was sleep pattern disturbance related to physical discomfort and anxiety. Interventions included education and PMR exercises for six consecutive days. Results showed blood pressure decreased from 180/100 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, sleep quality improved from difficulty sleeping to 6–7 hours per night, and anxiety levels reduced. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy proved effective as an independent nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia. Nurses should use this therapy as a routine non-pharmacological intervention in gerontological nursing practice.

College represents a critical transitional period requiring high adaptation, where students often face escalating academic demands triggering psychological pressure. This study aims to deeply analyze the reciprocal relationship between sleep patterns and academic stress levels, and identify their subsequent impacts on cognitive function (concentration) and students' physical health. This study employs a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review approach. Data were collected through comprehensive searches of accredited national and reputable international scientific articles published within the last five years (2020–2025). Literature selection was conducted rigorously using specific keywords to screen empirical studies relevant to stress, sleep, and student health variables. Data synthesis reveals a strong and consistent negative correlation. High levels of academic stress whether stemming from the adaptation phase of new students (initiation), thesis preparation workload, or role conflicts in working students are significantly associated with decreased sleep quality. Physiologically, stress triggers increased cortisol levels causing insomnia, shortened sleep duration, and prolonged sleep latency. Subsequent impacts are proven to drastically reduce learning concentration and trigger physical health disorders, including an increased risk of primary dysmenorrhea in female students. This study concludes that academic stress and sleep disturbances form a destructive cycle that exacerbates one another. Therefore, holistic institutional interventions in the form of sleep hygiene education and stress management training are needed to break this chain for the sake of student well-being and academic performance.

The rapid growth of internet access and digital device usage in Indonesia has made gadgets an inseparable part of students’ daily lives. While smartphones facilitate communication and access to information, excessive use—particularly before bedtime—has been associated with poor sleep quality. This quantitative correlational study aimed to identify the relationship between gadget use before sleep and sleep quality among students of SMK Yapim Sibiru-biru. A total of 110 students were selected purposively and asked to complete a structured questionnaire measuring gadget use duration, activity type, use of “Night Mode,” and various aspects of sleep quality. Data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson correlation tests at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed that 87.5% of students used gadgets before sleep, with smartphones being the most common device. The majority (46.88%) reported using gadgets for 1–2 hours before bed, primarily for social media and entertainment. Most respondents slept between 10:00 p.m. and midnight, with an average sleep duration of 4–6 hours, lower than the recommended 7–9 hours. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between gadget use duration and sleep quality—longer use was associated with poorer sleep. Additionally, low awareness of blue light filtering features exacerbated sleep problems such as insomnia and fatigue. These findings highlight the importance of behavioral interventions and sleep hygiene education to mitigate the adverse effects of nighttime gadget use. Recommended strategies include limiting screen time one hour before sleep, enabling “Night Mode,” and engaging in relaxing pre-sleep activities to promote better sleep quality and overall well-being

Insomnia is the inability or difficulty sleeping both in terms of quantity and quality. Complaints for insomnia sufferers are characterized by complaints of difficulty sleeping, feeling short of sleep, sleeping with frightening dreams, and complaints of disturbed health. The causes of insomnia come from internal factors (intrinsic), namely: anxiety, stress, motivation and age while external factors (extrinsic), namely: use of drugs, general medical disorders, environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, using gadgets without time, irregular physical activity, and consuming caffeinated drinks. This study aims to determine what factors are related to the occurrence of insomnia in students of the Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University in 2025. The research method used in this study is an analytical research method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 766 students of the Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University, class of 2021 and 2022. The number of samples in this study was 256 students. The sampling technique used in this study was probability sampling using stratified random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the duration of gadget use (0.000), physical activity (0.005), stress level (0.000), and anxiety level (0.000) with the incidence of insomnia, and there is no relationship between family support (1.000) with the incidence of insomnia in students of the Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University in 2025. It is hoped that students will pay more attention to their lifestyle because a healthy lifestyle is the key to achieving a prosperous and disease-free life.

Sleep disturbances are a common problem during pregnancy, often resulting from physiological changes, hormonal fluctuations, and psychological stressors. Poor sleep quality in pregnant women can lead to fatigue, mood disorders, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Mindfulness-based interventions, which emphasize present-moment awareness and non-judgmental acceptance, have been suggested as an effective strategy to improve sleep quality and reduce stress. This study aimed to analyze the effect of mindfulness on sleep quality among pregnant women in the Puskesmas Tosa catchment area. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. A total of 30 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters participated and were divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received weekly mindfulness sessions for four weeks, including guided breathing, body scan, and focused attention meditation, while the control group received routine antenatal care. Sleep quality was assessed before and after the intervention using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired and independent t-tests, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results indicated that the intervention group experienced a significant improvement in sleep quality, with mean PSQI scores decreasing from 9.80 ± 2.10 to 5.60 ± 1.90 (p<0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no significant change (pretest 9.53 ± 2.30; posttest 9.27 ± 2.25; p=0.395). These findings demonstrate that mindfulness effectively reduces sleep disturbances among pregnant women by addressing both psychological and physiological contributors to insomnia. In conclusion, integrating mindfulness practices into routine antenatal care is a practical, low-risk, and non-pharmacological approach to enhancing maternal sleep quality, reducing stress, and promoting overall well-being during pregnancy. This study provides evidence to support the inclusion of complementary mind-body interventions in primary health care services.

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an examination of infertile women. HSG examination can cause anxiety. Anxiety experienced before the HSG examination includes insomnia, palpitations, fear, feeling tense and even no appetite. Lavender is a plant that can be used to treat anxiety.  Objective: This study to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy inhalation on reducing the anxiety level of infertile women during HSG examinations in the Radiology Room at Muhammadiyah Hospital Gresik. Methods: The research design uses pre-experiment with a one group pre test-post test approach. The research sample was 34 infertile women who underwent HSG examinations from October to December 2023. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling and the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire to identify anxiety. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: The results of the study showed that almost all (44%) infertile women experienced severe anxiety before being given lavender aromatherapy. Some (50%) infertile women experience mild anxiety after being given lavender aromatherapy. There is an effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the anxiety level of infertile women with a value of ? 0.000 < 0.05. Lavender aromatherapy which is rich in linalool can play a role in reducing anxiety. Conclusion: Lavender aromatherapy can be used to reduce anxiety in infertile women undergoing Hysterosalpingography examination.

Background: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in the elderly, characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, which negatively impacts quality of life. Data show a significant prevalence of insomnia in the elderly, including at the Malahayati Islamic Hospital in Medan. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as Quran recitation relaxation therapy, offer a promising alternative approach to addressing this problem.

Sleep is a vital state of rest for humans to maintain a healthy body. After a day of activity, the body requires adequate sleep to recover and regain energy. One common sleep disorder is insomnia, characterized by difficulty sleeping both in terms of quality and quantity. Insomnia has traditionally been treated with sedatives, drugs that reduce anxiety and provide a calming effect with little or no impairment to motor and mental function. However, long-term use of chemical drugs can cause side effects, necessitating alternatives, one of which is the use of traditional medicine. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is known to possess antioxidant, antimutagenic, astringent (tightening), and intoxicating properties that have long been used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted experimentally in a laboratory to determine the sedative-hypnotic effects of areca nut ethanol extract. The observed parameter was survival time on the rotarod, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for homogeneity testing and Shapiro-Wilk for normality testing. If the data were not homogeneous or normal (p < 0.05), the analysis was continued with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that administration of areca nut ethanol suspension as a positive control with varying doses did not produce significant differences, meaning that all three doses had the same sedative-hypnotic effect. In the treatment groups with areca nut ethanol extract doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW, significant differences were observed compared to the negative control, indicating a clear sedative-hypnotic effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that areca nut (Areca catechu L.) ethanol extract at doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW has the potential to provide sedative-hypnotic effects and can therefore be used as an alternative treatment for sleep disorders.

Chronic Kidney Failure (CKD) is a condition of permanent and progressive decline in kidney function. CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience sleep disturbances, which impact their physical and psychological condition. Non-pharmacological interventions such as deep breathing relaxation and lavender aromatherapy can be alternative therapies to address these disorders. This study analyzes nursing care for sleep disturbances in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and evaluates the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation therapy combined with lavender aromatherapy inhalation. This study used a case study approach with three CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and experiencing sleep disturbances. The intervention was carried out for three days with a combination of deep breathing relaxation therapy and lavender aromatherapy inhalation. After three days of intervention, complaints of insomnia decreased in all three patients. The sleep pattern score increased to 5, indicating undisturbed sleep patterns. Deep breathing relaxation therapy combined with lavender aromatherapy inhalation is effective in addressing sleep disturbances in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This therapy is recommended as an additional intervention in the hospital and should be carried out with family support to increase patient comfort.

Advances in digital technology have brought major changes in human life, including in communication behavior and daily activities. Gadgets such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are now widely used, including by children and teenagers. However, uncontrolled use of gadgets has a negative impact on physical and mental health. This study aims to examine various diseases and health problems that arise due to the use of gadgets in children and adolescents, through the analysis of ten scientific articles. The results of the study showed various symptoms and disorders including headaches, visual impairments, obesity, stress, anxiety, insomnia, as well as concentration and emotional disorders. Lack of parental supervision, lack of digital literacy, and unfettered access to digital content exacerbate this impact. Prevention through active involvement of family and school, education on healthy use, and time management are important steps in minimizing health risks due to gadgets.

The increasing use of gadgets among medical students raises concerns about the health impacts, especially on sleep quality and eye health. Medical students have a high intensity of digital device use due to academic demands, which has the potential to cause excessive exposure to blue light (blue light), sleep disturbances, and eye fatigue (eye strain). This study aims to explore the relationship between the duration of gadget use with sleep quality and eye strain in medical students and to understand the factors that strengthen or weaken its impact. The research method used is qualitative descriptive based on a literature study by reviewing literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant documents. The results of the study showed that exposure to blue light can reduce melatonin production, disrupt circadian rhythms, and cause sleep disorders such as insomnia. In addition, long-term use of gadgets without sufficient rest increases the risk of digital eye strain, characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes, blurring, pain, and headaches. Medical students who are susceptible to intensive exposure to digital screens are at higher risk of this disorder. In conclusion, there is a strong interconnection between gadget use, sleep quality, and eye fatigue. Preventive efforts such as screen time management, use of blue light filters, and education about healthy visual habits are important to maintain the health and productivity of medical students.

This article aims to explore the psychological values presented in the series Daily Dose of Sunshine. Released in 2023, this medical-themed series addresses mental health issues and portrays the emotional and psychological journeys of its characters. As a series that highlights mental health, it plays a significant role in raising awareness and understanding of mental health problems. The objective of this study is to examine how the series represents psychological concepts related to mental health through the depiction of various psychological disorders. The method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative. This approach is used to observe and describe data found in the Daily Dose of Sunshine series. The data analyzed includes dialogues between characters and scenes containing psychological values. The findings indicate that the series presents several types of mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, delusions, schizophrenia, dissociative amnesia, borderline personality disorder (BPD), pseudodementia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. These disorders are conveyed through dialogues and textual elements within scenes that depict each specific mental illness. Moreover, the series also illustrates other mental health issues such as insomnia, gaslighting, self-harm, and panic attacks.

Sleep disorders or insomnia refer to a condition where individuals struggle to achieve adequate sleep in terms of both quality and quantity. Insomnia sufferers often experience fatigue and drowsiness throughout the day due to a lack of optimal rest. Based on its duration, insomnia is classified into acute insomnia, lasting less than four weeks, and chronic insomnia, which persists for more than four weeks. One non-pharmacological approach to managing this issue is relaxation therapy, including the use of aromatherapy, which promotes a calming effect through pleasant scents. This community service program aims to provide awareness about the benefits of aromatherapy in managing insomnia. The methods used include health education, discussions, and Q&A sessions with participants. The target audience consisted of 12 elderly individuals experiencing sleep disturbances. The evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in participants' knowledge after the session, with 91.7% demonstrating a good understanding, while 8.3% had a moderate understanding of aromatherapy’s benefits. These findings suggest that educating the elderly on the use of aromatherapy for insomnia management positively impacts their awareness of relaxation therapy’s role in improving sleep quality. It is hoped that this method can be continuously promoted as an effective natural alternative to address sleep disorders.

Sleep disorders such as insomnia are health problems that have a serious impact on quality of life. This research aims to design and build a brain wave stimulator based on Audio Visual Stimulation (AVS) as a non-invasive solution to help improve sleep quality. It utilizes a synchronized combination of light and sound, controlled by an Arduino NANO microcontroller, and supported by a DFPlayer Mini module, speakers, and blue LEDs as a stimulation medium. The research methods used are applied research with observation stages, literature studies, system design, tool implementation, and function testing. Functional tests were performed five times in a span of 15 minutes after the device was activated. The results of the voltage measurement on each component also show that the performance of the tool is within normal limits according to the datasheet. Thus, this tool successfully functions as designed and has the potential to be a viable solution to improve sleep quality.

Gangguan pada tidur adalah suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan adanya gangguan pada kuantitas, kualitas, dan atau durasi tidur. Gangguan tidur yang umum terjadi adalah insomnia dan sleep apnea. Jika tidak ditangani, insomnia maupun sleep apnea dapat menjadi kronis dan mengakibatkan terkena gejala penyakit yang lebih serius lainnya seperti hipertensi, depresi, penurunan fisik dan juga fungsi fital yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit lainnya. Dengan adanya sebuah sistem yang dapat membantu prediksi diagnosis gangguan tidur akan membantu mengetahui gangguan tidur yang diderita dan dapat ditangani dengan segera. Proses prediksi dilakukan menggunakan metode klasifikasi algoritma Naïve Bayes Gaussian. Berdasarkan pengujian data training dan data uji didapatkan akurasi sebesar 85,3%. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa klasifikasi menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes Gaussian tergolong baik untuk memprediksi gangguan tidur.

The phenomenon of sleep difficulties is currently a major problem in adolescents. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between theoccurrence of sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders in the general population. This research was conducted with the aim of finding a significant positive relationship between sleep difficulties and anxiety disorders. The research method uses quantitative research with data analysis techniques using Pearson's Correlation and linearity assumption tests. The population in this study were teenagers in the Bukittinggi area with a total sample of 106 teenagers. The results of the linearity test showed a significant value of p > 0.05 and the resulting Pearson's r value was 0.532. The results of the analyses show that there is a significant positive relationship between anxiety disorders and difficulty sleeping, so that the hypothesis in this study can be stated as accepted.

Elderly individuals are vulnerable to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. Irregular or disrupted sleep patterns have been identified as key factors influencing the risk of chronic diseases in older adults. This study aims to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and the risk of chronic diseases in the elderly. A literature review method was employed by gathering data from relevant studies. The analysis indicates that sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, increase the risk of chronic diseases due to disrupted bodily recovery processes and metabolism during sleep. Therefore, improving sleep patterns is a crucial intervention in preventing chronic diseases among the elderly.