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 This community service activity examines the legality of employment agreements involving informal workers and gig economy workers in Medan City amid the rapid growth of the digital economy. The study focuses on the form, content, and legal implications of employment agreements, as well as the extent to which such agreements provide protection for workers who possess weak bargaining positions. The method employed is a socio-juridical approach with qualitative analysis through literature studies on laws and regulations, related academic references, and interviews with gig economy workers, informal workers, and other relevant parties. The findings indicate that although most employment agreements formally fulfill the legal requirements under civil law, materially they tend to be unbalanced by positioning workers as “partners” without adequate labor rights protection. In the non-platform informal sector, employment relationships are generally based only on verbal agreements that do not clearly regulate rights, obligations, or dispute resolution mechanisms. The low level of workers’ legal literacy also contributes to their limited understanding of contractual provisions. Therefore, strengthening legal literacy, developing fairer employment agreement models, and formulating more responsive policies are necessary to ensure proper legal protection for informal and gig economy workers.

This final project was an audiovisual feature video that explored the issue of uncertainty among informal sector workers, particularly porters at train stations. The work was motivated by the limited representation of porters, despite their important role in supporting transportation services. This report aimed to explain the application of the three-act structure in scriptwriting, consisting of Act I (Set Up), Act II (Confrontation), and Act III (Resolution). The production process included pre-production, production, and post-production stages, with scriptwriting as the main focus in constructing a structured narrative. In Act I, the work introduced the station environment and the porter profession to build audience understanding. Act II developed the conflict through the portrayal of job uncertainty, income instability, and the daily life of the main subject. Act III presented a reflective conclusion through multiple perspectives and symbolic visuals. The result showed that the three-act structure effectively created a systematic narrative flow and strengthened message delivery. In conclusion, the human-interest approach combined with observational visuals effectively conveyed social realities and fostered audience empathy toward informal workers.

Legal protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) remains a strategic issue in the context of global labor mobility, particularly given the complexity of challenges encompassing legal, social, economic, and cross-border governance dimensions. Although Indonesia has ratified the 1990 Migrant Workers Convention through Law No. 6 of 2012 and enacted Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of PMI, the implementation of such protections continues to face significant obstacles. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for PMI, including non-procedural workers and their family members, as well as to evaluate the role of the state and relevant institutions in ensuring comprehensive protection. Employing a normative juridical method, data were collected through document analysis and literature review. The findings reveal a gap between the existing legal framework and its implementation, as evidenced by weak inter-agency coordination, limited diplomatic capacity, and low levels of legal literacy among prospective migrant workers. Furthermore, contemporary issues such as covert human trafficking, violations of migrant workers’ children’s rights, and inconsistencies in the enforcement of bilateral MoUs exacerbate the vulnerability of PMI, particularly in the informal sector. This study recommends strengthening community-based protection mechanisms, reforming migration governance, and mainstreaming human rights and gender-sensitive approaches in migration policies.

This study uses a quantitative method with an explanatory approach to explore factors contributing to low pension literacy among workers. The sample consisted of 66 workers from both the formal and informal sectors in Jakarta in December 2025. The findings reveal that low pension literacy is not solely due to a lack of knowledge but results from various factors, including low awareness, short-term financial behavior, product complexity, inadequate education, and underutilization of digital tools. There is a mismatch between workers' perceptions and the reality of pension fund behavior. The majority of workers (86%) are unprepared for retirement, and 89% do not have a voluntary pension fund. Despite this, 80% do not rely on workplace pension funds, and 45.5% feel confident they can meet their living expenses in old age, indicating pseudo-awareness they understand the importance of pension funds but have not established one. This reveals a gap between awareness and action regarding pension funds. Improving pension literacy requires an integrated approach that combines transformative education with digitalization to facilitate access and participation. Education must drive behavioral change, while digitalization simplifies processes, enhances accessibility, and broadens financial literacy. The synergy of education, digital technology, and policy support is essential for improving workers' financial readiness for a secure retirement.

The role of the Director of Photography (DoP) is fundamental in translating narrative concepts into visual language within audio-visual productions. This study examines the implementation of cinematographic techniques applied by the DoP in producing the human interest video feature "Porter: Ketidakpastian yang Dikerjakan" (Porter: Uncertainty at Work). The feature documents the daily lives of porters at Bandung Station, shedding light on the occupational uncertainty they face as informal sector workers. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a production-based approach, analyzing four key cinematographic elements: type of shot (long shot, medium shot, close up), camera angle (eye level, high angle, low angle), camera movement (panning, tilting, tracking shot, static shot), and framing (rule of thirds, balanced composition). Findings indicate that each technique was applied with deliberate intention to reinforce the narrative, emotional depth, and thematic meaning of the work. Long shots established the station environment as a dynamic, unpredictable workspace; medium shots captured the psychological nuance of waiting and uncertainty; close ups revealed intimate emotional detail; and varied camera angles constructed the power dynamics between porters and their environment. Camera movements supported visual continuity and audience engagement, while framing principles ensured compositional coherence throughout. The study contributes practical insights into the role of cinematography in non-fiction storytelling, particularly in conveying the lived realities of marginalized workers.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly disrupted the global labor sector, including in Indonesia. The urgency of this study lies in the growing inequality in access to digital skills and the lack of legal protection for workers in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the impact of AI on employment in Indonesia and to assess the adequacy of labor regulations in addressing digital transformation. This study employs a normative legal method with a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing literature review, secondary data, and qualitative analysis of labor policies and relevant regulations. The findings reveal that while AI has the potential to create new types of employment, it also threatens conventional jobs, especially in labor-intensive sectors. Moreover, Indonesia's labor regulations have not yet adapted to new, flexible, and platform-based work models, resulting in legal uncertainty for informal and freelance workers. This study contributes to the discourse on the need for labor law reform that is inclusive and adaptive to technological developments. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for responsive labor regulation reform, increased digital literacy, and continuous reskilling systems to ensure that AI-driven transformation does not create new inequalities in the labor market. Future research is recommended to focus on formulating new legal protection models for digital workers in the AI era.

Abstract. This study aims to examine the causes, forms, and strategies for combating violence against female Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) from a legal, sociological, and gender perspective. The background of this research is based on the vulnerability of female PMI to various forms of physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence, which occurs from the pre-placement stage to the post-placement stage, as well as the long-term impact on mental health, human rights, and socio-economic reintegration. The method used is empirical legal with primary data collection through in-depth interviews with female PMI victims of violence and accompanying institutions, as well as secondary data in the form of literature reviews, laws and regulations, and scientific publications. The analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, integrating human rights theory, Feminist Legal Theory, and international migration policy. The results of the study show that the vulnerability of female migrant workers is caused by economic factors, education, patriarchal culture, non-transparent recruitment processes, the characteristics of work in the informal sector, power imbalances with employers, and weak legal protection in the destination country. The forms of violence experienced include beatings, sexual harassment, threats, social isolation, wage withholding, and structural exploitation practices. Protection efforts implemented include preventive approaches through training, legal education, legal document guarantees, and assistance from law enforcement agencies, as well as repressive approaches through action against perpetrators of violence and bilateral cooperation with destination countries. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive and sustainable protection for female Indonesian migrant workers, covering all stages of labor migration as well as strengthening digital-based monitoring systems, officer capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to ensure the safety, dignity, and fulfillment of the human rights of female Indonesian migrant workers.  

This community service activity was conducted by lecturers from STIM Sukma in October 2025 at Medan Tembung District. The aim was to enhance the awareness and understanding of construction workers regarding the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as a preventive measure against occupational accidents. Ten construction workers participated in the socialization activity, which included interactive lectures, group discussions, and simple demonstrations on the proper use of PPE. The results indicated a positive improvement in workers’ knowledge and awareness toward PPE use, although some limitations were observed regarding tool availability and habitual work behaviors. This activity highlights the significance of an educational and humanistic approach in cultivating a culture of safety within the informal construction sector. Through follow-up programs and regular mentoring, it is hoped that changes in worker behavior will develop more consistently. Furthermore, collaboration with local stakeholders is crucial to ensure the availability of PPE and the desire for a culture of workplace safety within the community.

A safe and healthy environment is crucial to minimizing accidents and occupational diseases, and this is where Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) comes in. Workers in the informal sector, such as online drivers, are more likely to experience musculoskeletal problems, especially low back pain (LBP), because they frequently lack proper occupational protection and health services. LBP is a complaint of lower back pain that can be brought on by extended periods of static sitting, bad posture, and personal characteristics like body mass index, smoking, and length of service. The purpose of this program is to educate online drivers in Malang City, East Java, and help them avoid LBP. The risk of LBP can be decreased in part by promoting physical activity and education. One recommended intervention is the William Flexion Exercise (WFE), an exercise aimed at improving posture, increasing muscle strength and flexibility, and reducing lower back pain. Implementing WFE education and training for online car drivers is anticipated to strengthen OHS awareness and reduce the incidence of LBP among informal sector workers.

Introduction Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) experienced by workers due to non-ergonomic working postures, repetitive movements, and excessive workloads. This condition can reduce productivity and overall quality of life. Objective To increase restaurant workers’ knowledge about shoulder pain prevention through ergonomic education and simple stretching exercises that can be performed independently. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted involving 20 kitchen workers at Potre Koneng Restaurant. The program consisted of permission procedures, workplace observation, questionnaire distribution, and health education using a leaflet. The educational material included the definition of shoulder pain, signs and symptoms, risk factors, preventive measures, and simple stretching techniques. Results The Form revealed that most workers experienced shoulder pain related to bending postures, lifting loads >5 kg, and limited rest breaks. Following the education session, participants demonstrated improved understanding of proper working posture and the importance of regular stretching, and expressed willingness to practice it during work breaks. Conclusion Ergonomic education and stretching exercises were effective in improving awareness of shoulder pain prevention among informal sector workers. Similar programs are recommended as promotive and preventive measures in high-risk workplaces.

This article examines Ibn Khaldun's philosophical perspective on wages and its relevance to the wage system in Indonesia in the modern era. Ibn Khaldun, a prominent 14th-century Muslim thinker, emphasized that wages are closely linked to the value of work, social justice, and the economic stability of a society. In his Muqaddimah, he emphasized that establishing fair wages is not merely an economic issue but also a moral and social pillar that can prevent societal disintegration. Equitable wages, he argued, must be able to guarantee a decent living for workers and their families, while also supporting continued productivity and social cohesion. This study uses a qualitative normative approach through content analysis of relevant texts in the Muqaddimah and comparing them with wage policies in Indonesia, including minimum wage regulations, labor protection, and welfare policies. Data were obtained from library research, national regulations, and recent academic literature on wage policies. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has a minimum wage regulation, its implementation still faces significant challenges, particularly in ensuring fairness for informal sector and low-income workers. Factors such as regional economic inequality, inflation, and weak labor oversight often undermine the effectiveness of these policies. By revisiting the principles of Ibn Khaldun, this article offers the perspective that ideal wages should not only be measured by labor market needs but should also integrate principles of ethics, morality, and social responsibility. This integration is expected to strengthen worker welfare, increase national productivity, and maintain long-term economic stability. This study also provides a relevant philosophical framework for critiquing and reforming wage policies in Indonesia, with reference to the values of justice and welfare in classical Islamic economics.

Employment insurance is an important instrument in the social protection of workers. In Indonesia, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has launched various insurance programs, including JKK, JKM, JHT, and JKP. However, the effectiveness of these programs in improving the welfare of workers, especially the informal sector which accounts for more than 59% of the workforce, remains a question. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and linear regression methods on secondary data from BPJS and BPS for the last five years. The results show that there is an imbalance in participation between the formal and informal sectors due to low literacy and limited regulations. This research produces a databased participatory recommendation model to improve the effectiveness of the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program and encourage social inclusion for all workers.

Income inequality is one of the crucial issues in regional economic development because it affects people's welfare and social stability. This study aims to examine the dynamics of income inequality in Grobogan Regency during the period 2021–2024 using the Gini Index as the main indicator, and to examine the factors that influence it, such as education level, poverty, GRDP per capita, and labor force participation rate. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with secondary data from BPS. The research findings show that the Gini Index in Grobogan Regency fluctuates, but in general tends to decline until 2023 before increasing slightly again in 2024. The development of education shows an improving trend, although it is still below the provincial and national averages. The decline in poverty rates and growth in GRDP per capita also play a role in reducing inequality. However, the dominance of the informal sector and limited mobility of workers between sectors are obstacles to further reducing inequality. Therefore, integrated steps are needed through improving the quality of education, creating productive jobs, and strengthening social protection programs in order to realize inclusive and equitable economic growth in Grobogan Regency.

Work in the informal sector, such as weaving, has high health risks due to the repetitive nature and static positions required. Weavers often experience Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) due to sitting too long in front of the loom for about 8 hours. This condition causes muscle contractions in the shoulders and neck, reduces blood flow, and causes pain and fatigue. A study of two sarong weaving industries in Dalangan Village found that 70% of 10 workers complained of low back pain. Many workers work with non-ergonomic positions and inappropriate equipment. Improvements in work attitudes are needed so that workers' health and productivity are maintained. This study aims to determine the relationship between work attitudes and MSDs disorders in the central craftsmen of the weaving industry. This research is a quantitative study using observational analysis method with cross sectional approach. The population was 35 from 4 locations with a sample of 35 respondents taken using total sampling technique. Assessment for work attitudes using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) experienced using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed no significant relationship between work attitudes and musculoskeletal complaints with a p-value = 0.261 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.195 which is included in a weak correlation with a positive direction. The study shows there is no significant relationship between work attitude and musculoskeletal disorders in weaving industry workers. Routine ergonomics education is recommended to prevent complaints and maintain sustainable occupational health.

This study aims to understand the impact of inflation on the purchasing power of communities in Lampung Province throughout 2024 from a macroeconomic perspective using a qualitative approach. The persistent fluctuations in inflation over the year have triggered various responses and adaptation strategies among the public, particularly within economically vulnerable groups. Through in-depth interviews with various informants—such as small business owners, housewives, and informal sector workers—this study finds that inflation has influenced consumption patterns, spending priorities, and how people manage their daily income. A noticeable decline in purchasing power is observed in essential needs and healthcare services. Common coping strategies include switching to alternative products, taking on debt, or reducing overall consumption. The findings suggest that inflation has not only economic implications but also social consequences, highlighting the importance of social protection policies and price stabilization efforts to maintain household economic resiliencej.

The number of layoffs during Covid-19 due to the presence of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy not only has an impact on the health sector, but also has a wide impact on social and economic coverage, especially in the formal and informal employment sector. One of the main problems that arises is the increasing cases of Termination of Employment (PHK) which causes economic uncertainty for workers and their families. The researcher is encouraged to conduct an in-depth analysis of this condition after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, especially in the perspective of fulfilling the rights of workers affected by the pandemic. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legal legal approach, focusing on the employment aspect. Data was obtained through literature studies which included primary sources in the form of laws and regulations, as well as secondary sources in the form of literature, journals, scientific articles, and relevant court decisions. The results of the study show that there are still differences in implementation in fulfilling the rights of workers who have been laid off during the pandemic. Based on the decisions analyzed, it was found that there are still cases where workers do not get their rights in full, either related to severance pay, service award money, or other compensation money that should be guaranteed by law. These findings indicate that the role of judges in deciding layoff cases is very important to ensure maximum justice and protection for workers. Therefore, the author recommends that judges in deciding cases related to layoffs be guided by the principles of labor law, the principles of social justice, and applicable laws and regulations.

This community service activity aimed to increase the knowledge and awareness of informal sector sandal craftsmen regarding hypertension through education and blood pressure screening. The target group consisted of 17 workers at Sandal Factory X in Tasikmalaya City. The methods used included health education using interactive poster media and blood pressure screening with a digital sphygmomanometer. The results showed that most workers (94.1%) had elevated blood pressure: 41.2% pre-hypertension, 41.2% stage 1 hypertension, and 11.8% stage 2 hypertension. Only 5.9% had normal blood pressure. This activity effectively raised participants’ awareness of the importance of early detection of hypertension. The workers responded positively and showed enthusiasm in participating. These findings highlight the importance of promotive and preventive interventions for informal sector workers who are often underserved in healthcare access.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main challenges in the health sector in Indonesia, with a fairly high number of cases each year. This study aims to analyze the distribution of TB cases based on occupation and identify community groups that are at higher risk of spreading this disease. The data used in this study were obtained from estimates of the 2022 TB epidemiology report. The results of the analysis show that informal workers, such as laborers and traders, are the group with the highest number of TB cases, at 36.0%. This is followed by formal workers (21.6%), farmers/fishermen (17.3%), housewives (14.4%), students (6.5%), and unemployed or retired groups (4.2%). The high prevalence of TB in informal workers is caused by several factors, including an unhygienic work environment, limited access to health services, and unhealthy lifestyles. Based on these findings, a more effective strategy is needed in efforts to prevent and control TB, especially for groups with high levels of vulnerability. Health education, increasing access to health services, improving work environment sanitation, and early detection programs are important steps in reducing the spread of TB. With the right intervention, it is hoped that the number of TB cases in Indonesia can be reduced significantly.

This study examines the increasing number of elderly individuals working in the informal sector and the exploitation risks they face, particularly through social media. According to data from BPS, there has been a rise in active elderly workers, with most employed in the informal sector. Indonesia's Labor Law does not provide specific protections for elderly workers, making them vulnerable to exploitative actions, such as the "online begging" phenomenon on TikTok, which leverages viewers' empathy. This study employs a normative juridical approach to identify legal gaps in labor regulations concerning elderly workers and analyze the impact of inadequate protection. The results indicate that elderly workers on digital platforms require stricter regulations regarding work conditions and rights protection. This study recommends more inclusive policies to ensure the welfare of elderly workers, particularly those in the informal and digital sectors, and emphasizes the need for transparent employment agreements and strict regulation on social media platforms.

Nowadays, women do a lot of housework, reflecting a major shift in gender roles. In the past, women were more focused on family duties in patriarchal societies. However, today women also contribute to the professional world, often becoming the backbone of the family. The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the role of women who work hard in the family to meet family needs. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore feminist theories and related literature that discuss the role of women in the family. The results of the study show that the role of women in the family has now developed into more than just a housewife; they also function as double workers who contribute to the family economy, both in the formal and informal sectors. Although involved in financial decision-making and earning a living, women often face challenges in balancing careers and household responsibilities, which can cause stress and fatigue. Therefore, it is important to have fairness in the division of tasks so that women can focus on their careers without being burdened by domestic responsibilities, while also being a role model for future generations in teaching the values ​​of gender equality and the importance of collaboration in the family.