Microplastics are extremely small plastic particles that have become a major concern in public health and environmental studies. This literature review aims to discuss the sources of microplastics, their routes of exposure to the human body, their distribution in organs, and their potential health impacts. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles and reports published from 2021 onward, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and official websites of organizations such as the WHO, OECD, and the World Bank. The review findings show that microplastics originate from plastic waste, synthetic clothing, cosmetics, vehicle tires, and food packaging. These particles have been detected in blood, lungs, the placenta, feces, and various human tissues, indicating that human exposure is widespread. However, evidence from human studies is still limited, so cause-and-effect relationships cannot yet be confirmed with certainty. Based on these findings, further research is needed to better understand the long-term health effects of microplastics. In addition, efforts to reduce single-use plastics, improve waste management systems, and increase public education are essential to reduce exposure and prevent future health risks.
Background: Nallaswamy Class III alveolar ridge refers to an edentulous alveolar bone that has undergone resorption, resulting in a moderate ridge height with a knife-edge ridge form. This condition is relatively common and has been reported to reach a prevalence of approximately 89% in edentulous mandibles. Objective: To describe the prosthodontic treatment implications in patients with Nallaswamy Class III alveolar ridge using an acrylic resin removable partial denture (RPD). Case Report: A 22-year-old female patient presented to RSGM Soelastri with complaints of discomfort while chewing due to the loss of several posterior teeth in the mandible. The teeth had been extracted three years earlier due to caries and retained roots. Intraoral examination revealed healthy dentition in the maxillary arch and edentulous areas at teeth 35, 36, 45, and 46 in the mandibular arch. The alveolar ridge in the edentulous area showed a knife-edge form with moderate height, consistent with Nallaswamy Class III. Discussion: The condition was classified as Applegate-Kennedy Class III modification 1P with bilateral bounded saddle areas, which may affect mastication, aesthetics, and speech. Conclusion: Partial edentulism with a knife-edge alveolar ridge can be effectively managed using an acrylic resin removable partial denture.
Children with disabilities live with one or more conditions, physical, cognitive, sensory, or social, that limit their daily activities. These conditions necessitate specialized care and attention tailored to their specific needs. This study aims to explore how parents come to terms with their child’s condition, the factors that influence this acceptance, and its overall impact on family well-being. The results suggest that parental acceptance is rarely a straightforward process. It involves a complex emotional journey, often moving through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, and depression before reaching a point of acceptance. The speed and depth of this process are heavily influenced by both internal and external factors. Internally, spiritual values, educational background, and effective coping strategies play a vital role. Externally, the presence of social support and access to healthcare services are crucial. When parents embrace their child’s condition with unconditional love and focus on their potential, it significantly enhances the child’s developmental outcomes. Conversely, a lack of acceptance can increase the burden of caregiving and hinder the child’s progress.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya peningkatan kinerja pegawai sektor publik yang sering terkendala birokrasi, budaya organisasi hierarkis, dan regulasi ketat. Kepemimpinan autentik dan penyesuaian pekerjaan dipandang sebagai faktor yang dapat
memengaruhi kinerja pegawai baik secara langsung maupun melalui keterlibatan kerja. Kepemimpinan autentik berperan dalam menciptakan iklim kerja yang terbuka dan penuh integritas, sedangkan penyesuaian pekerjaan memberi ruang bagi pegawai menyesuaikan pekerjaan dengan kekuatan dan preferensi pribadi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan survei terhadap 153 pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Pemalang. Instrumen berupa kuesioner berskala Likert yang diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) untuk menguji hubungan langsung maupun mediasi antar variabel berdasarkan teori JD-R, COR, dan Authentic Leadership.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat hipotesis diterima dan satu ditolak. Penyesuaian pekerjaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keterlibatan kerja dan kinerja pegawai, serta menjadi prediktor paling kuat bagi kinerja (β = 0,432). Kepemimpinan autentik berpengaruh positif terhadap keterlibatan kerja (β = 0,335), namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja (β = 0,120). Keterlibatan kerja terbukti memediasi sebagian hubungan penyesuaian pekerjaan dengan kinerja, tetapi tidak memediasi pengaruh kepemimpinan autentik. Model penelitian mampu menjelaskan 44,2% varians keterlibatan kerja dan 60,8% varians kinerja pegawai. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya faktor individual seperti penyesuaian pekerjaan dibandingkan faktor kepemimpinan top-down dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai di sektor publik. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini adalah perlunya organisasi pemerintah mengembangkan program penyesuaian pekerjaan, memperkuat keterlibatan kerja, serta membangun kepemimpinan autentik sebagai fondasi budaya kerja yang positif.
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β-lactam antibiotics are a very important group of drugs and are most frequently used in the treatment of bacterial infections, both in healthcare facilities and for self-medication. The advantages of β-lactams lie in their effectiveness and broad spectrum of action. However, the development of pharmaceutical preparations containing β-lactams still faces significant challenges, particularly related to the physicochemical stability of these compounds. The reactive ring structure of β-lactams makes them highly susceptible to degradation, particularly through hydrolysis. This degradation process can be accelerated by various environmental factors such as high temperature, changes in pH, humidity, and the presence of certain excipients and solvents in drug formulations. This article comprehensively reviews the various factors that influence the stability of β-lactams, both in solid and liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms, as well as in microbiological media. Furthermore, it also examines various innovative formulation approaches that have been developed to improve the stability of these compounds. These approaches include film coating technology, encapsulation, and crystal engineering, which have been shown to reduce the rate of degradation and extend product shelf life. Literature studies have shown that solid dosage forms are generally more stable than liquid dosage forms, primarily because exposure to water and solvents can accelerate hydrolysis. Distribution and storage of these preparations are also important aspects to consider in maintaining the quality and effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotic therapy. Therefore, β-lactam product development requires a holistic approach, encompassing not only formulation and production technology but also optimal distribution and storage strategies. The use of appropriate analytical methods is also necessary to monitor degradation products and ensure product safety and effectiveness throughout the shelf life.
Infertility is a global health problem that has significant social and psychological impacts. Factors such as environmental and occupational factors, physical activity, and poor nutrition can increase the risk of infertility. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is one of the main interventions used to treat infertility, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) being the most common method. In IVF, there are two methods of embryo transfer: frozen embryo transfer (FET) and fresh embryo transfer (ET). This study aims to compare the live birth rate between frozen and fresh embryo transfer in IVF programs and assess the risk of preeclampsia associated with both embryo transfer methods. A literature review was conducted by searching 20 scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using inclusion criteria and the PICO strategy and PRISMA flow chart. Inclusion criteria included publications from the last 10 years, English language, and human studies. The results showed that both methods produced comparable live birth rates (LBR) with FET slightly superior to ET, depending on the patient's condition and characteristics. On the other hand, there was a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia in FET, especially in patients using the artificial cycle protocol (AC-FET). The conclusion of this review is that FET and ET methods are effective in achieving pregnancy and there is an increased risk of preeclampsia in FET especially AC-FET which needs further consideration.
The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of depression in children with a focus on early identification, risk factors, and effective treatment approaches. The method used in this study was a narrative literature review that synthesized findings from various scientific journals, academic books, and reports from world health organizations related to depression in children. The results of the analysis indicate that depression in children is a real clinical condition but is often undiagnosed due to differences in symptoms compared to adults and lack of public awareness. The main risk factors include childhood trauma, genetics, and dysfunctional family dynamics. Evidence-based approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and psychosocial interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing symptoms. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention as a preventive measure to minimize the long-term impact on children's mental health.
Negligence in pharmaceutical services is a multifaceted issue that significantly impacts patient safety, the quality of healthcare delivery, and the professional reputation of pharmacists in Indonesia. Such negligence can occur at various stages of pharmaceutical services, including prescribing, dispensing, storage, and administration of medication to patients. The causes of negligence are diverse, encompassing excessive workload, inadequate understanding and application of professional ethical codes, ineffective communication between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, and suboptimal supervisory and audit systems. This study aims to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services and to identify preventive efforts that can improve the quality of pharmaceutical services. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach, thoroughly reviewing scientific literature indexed in Sinta and other reputable academic sources to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services. Findings reveal that negligence not only violates core professional ethical principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice but also exposes pharmacists to serious legal and disciplinary sanctions. Furthermore, negligence leads to long-term negative consequences, including diminished public trust in pharmaceutical services and the broader healthcare system, ultimately hindering national efforts to improve healthcare quality. Therefore, this study recommends continuous professional ethics training, strengthening of both internal and external supervisory mechanisms, and the innovative use of information technology to minimize negligence risks in pharmaceutical practice. The implementation of these measures is expected to enhance pharmaceutical service quality, uphold the integrity and dignity of the pharmacist profession, and provide optimal patient protection in Indonesia.
Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, which can affect their growth and development. Thi study aims to identify factors that influence the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls. Both biological and environmental factors contribute to anemia. The method used was a comprehensive literature review, by collecting data from various relevant sources including journals and research reports. The result emphasized the importance of knowledge about adolescent girls health, as well as lack of iron consumtion, irregular sleep patterns and long-duration or irregular menstruation, so there is a need for education n each village to reduce the risk of anemia in adolescent girls. The conclusion of this study shows that the impact of anemia affects physical health, quality of life, productivity and social well-being. Addressing anemia should be a priority in public health policy.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa terhadap implementasi filsafat pendidikan Pancasila dalam kurikulum pendidikan tinggi. Sebagai dasar negara dan pedoman hidup bangsa, Pancasila memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karakter dan wawasan kebangsaan mahasiswa. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa pada umumnya memahami pentingnya filsafat Pancasila, namun implementasinya dalam kurikulum dianggap masih kurang aplikatif dan relevan dengan tantangan zaman. Beberapa hambatan mencakup pendekatan pembelajaran yang terlalu teoritis dan kurangnya pengintegrasian nilai-nilai Pancasila dengan kebutuhan praktis. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, berbasis kasus, dan berorientasi pada praktik untuk meningkatkan internalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di kalangan mahasiswa.
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism which can cause hyperuricemia if levels increase. Hyperuricemia, if left untreated, can cause joint inflammation, pain, and various other health problems. This study aims to evaluate Halu Oleo University students' understanding of gout and its impact on health. Using a quantitative approach and analytical descriptive design, this research involved 50 randomly selected respondents. Examination of uric acid levels is carried out by taking blood samples using the Nesco Multi Check device. The results showed that 70% of respondents had uric acid levels within normal limits, while 30% experienced hyperuricemia, which indicates a potential risk of developing gout. These findings suggest that unbalanced eating patterns, lack of physical activity, and inadequate fluid intake contribute to increased uric acid levels among college students. This research emphasizes the importance of education about healthy eating patterns and an active lifestyle to prevent health problems related to gout.
Bioprinting 3D merupakan suatu teknologi transformatif dalam konstruksi rekayasa jaringan dan prototipe organ untuk meniru karakteristik jaringan alami yang digunakan dalam pengobatan regeneratif. Secara bioetika, organ tiruan 3D melibatkan analisis dan evaluasi tentang implikasi moral, sosial, dan hukum dari penggunaan teknologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic literature review dengan menyajikan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang pengembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi organ tiruan 3D (bioprinting) dalam perspektif bioetika dan hukum islam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bioprinting 3D memiliki pengaplikasian yang sangat beragam, diantaranya dalam bidang medis contohnya model untuk studi penyakit dan uji obat, pengobatan regeneratif, pembentukan organoid dan jaringan khusus, dan masih banyak lagi. Aspek bioetika mengenai bioprinting 3D masih menimbulkan tantangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Masalah bioetika seperti sumber atau asal bahan yang digunakan dalam bioprinting masih menjadi permasalahan. Penggunaan sel punca embrionik masih kontroversial, karena melibatkan penghancuran embrio manusia, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan moral dan etika mengenai nilai dan kesucian hidup manusia. Dalam perspektif Islam, berdasarkan analisis dari Al-Quran, hadits, dan beberapa fatwa, produksi organ tubuh melalui metode cetak 3D disarankan untuk dikategorikan sebagai perubahan ciptaan Tuhan yang dibolehkan karena tujuannya untuk mengobati dan menyelamatkan nyawa atau khusus untuk penggunaan proses transplantasi organ.
Education plays an important role in shaping a child's character and personality. Schools as formal educational institutions are not only tasked with imparting knowledge, but are also a place for the formation of social values, morals and behavior. (Cahyani et al., 2021) However, the reality shows that schools are often places where negative behavior emerges, one of which is bullying. The method used in this community service activity uses a participatory method by involving the school in the continuity of socialization activities. The approach taken is to direct and explain efforts to deal with the implications of bullying through the elementary school environment. The place of service was carried out at SDN Penikenek, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency involving research subjects consisting of the Principal, teachers, students, grades 1-6. Community service activities with the title "educational services in overcoming the implications of bullying at SDN Penikenek in Penikenek Village, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency". Penikenek Elementary School is an elementary school with 39 students and 11 teachers. This service activity takes place by providing material through outreach and donating wall magazines in the form of magazines related to bullying prevention. Implementation of the outreach program at SDN Penikenek is a strategic step designed to increase students' awareness and understanding regarding the dangers of bullying. In this activity, material about the definition, impact and ways to prevent bullying is delivered using a participatory method involving all elements of the school. This method has proven effective in creating open dialogue, building empathy, and increasing collective commitment to overcoming bullying.
This article explores the phenomenon of culture shock experienced by new santri in pesantren in Semarang City and its implications for their adjustment process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a narrative study method, involving six new santri who were interviewed about their experiences when they first arrived at the pesantren. The results show that new santri often feel shocked and lonely due to the significant differences in the environment compared to their homes. They face challenges in managing their time, adapting to a busy routine, and interacting with new people. Support from peers and pesantren administrators proved important in helping them overcome culture shock. This article suggests the need for guidance and counseling programs to accelerate the adjustment process of new santri, and emphasizes that this experience can be a valuable lesson for them in facing new environments in the future.
Adolescent delinquency behavior often stems from teenagers' involvement with peer groups at school or in the educational environment. This can develop into more serious criminal behavior later on. Adolescents engaged in delinquent behavior can be categorized as Juvenile Offenders (JO). Peer groups provide a social environment in which JOs can learn and develop various aspects of themselves; however, they also serve as a primary source of negative influence. Similar habitus within social groups reinforce solidarity and camaraderie within them, which may be a reason for teenagers to join peer groups from the same social class. This also provides a sense of comfort and acceptance, while joining groups from different social classes can lead to feelings of inferiority and inequality. Thus, peer groups can have both positive and negative implications depending on the social conditions within a peer group.
Online gaming has become a global phenomenon that has attracted the attention of many individuals, especially the younger generation. As its popularity continues to increase, issues have also emerged regarding the impact of online gaming addiction, especially in the context of its effect on an individual's social skills. Online game addiction is a serious concern because it can affect an individual's ability to interact with the real world, including the ability to communicate, build interpersonal relationships, and resolve conflicts in everyday life. Therefore, it is necessary to dig deeper into the influence of online game addiction on an individual's social skills. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of online game addiction on individual social skills. The research method used is qualitative research with an open questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The research results show that there is a significant negative influence of addiction to playing online games on individual social skills. That is, the more often individuals play online games, the lower the social skills they have
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh Dinasti Politik dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang diukur dari tingkat keterpilihan terhadap calon kepala daerah terhadap dinasti politik. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini terkait pengaruh praktik politik dinasti yang semakin marak menjelang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang demokratis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pedekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan dalam mengkaji kemenangan pemilihan kepala daerah yang menggunjakan politik dinasti. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (a) Politik Dinasti dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang belum berjalan secara demokratis hal ini disebabkan faktor internal, yaitu terjadinya beberapa jabatan-jabatan strategis dalam pemerintahan dipegang oleh kelompok dan keturunan yang berasal keluarga. Selain itu disebabkan faktor eksternal, yaitu partai politik hanya dijadikan kendaraan politik semata yang akan menghambat peran dan cita-cita ideal partai karena hanya melihat dari aspek untuk memperoleh kekuasaan saja. (b) Pengaruh Politik Dinasti dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah terhadap keberlangsungan demokratis di Indonesia menjelang Pemilu 2024, panggung politik Indonesia menjadi semakin semarak dengan munculnya fenomena politik dinasti. Politik Dinasti yang seringkali melibatkan keluarga utuh dapat memiliki implikasi yang kompleks terhadap keragaman pandangan politik. (c) Praktik Politik Dinasti dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi tak luput dari praktik penyelenggaraan politik dinasti. Praktik Politik Dinasti telah berkembang sejak masa Orde Baru. Praktik Politik Dinasti pada era reformasi semakin subur. Praktik Politik Dinasti di Amerika Serikat tingkat pendidikan politik dan indeks demokrasi di Negara Amerika Serikat lebih tinggi dibandingkan Indonesia maupun Filipina. Praktik Politik Dinasti di Filipina termasuk yang cukup tinggi dalam pemilihan kepala daerah karena dapat memilih para calon untuk menjabat dalam tingkatan Provinsi dan Kota.
The baby's development and the mother's condition can also be affected by the problems that arise. This article will discuss prenatal development and birth for children because we have little understanding of how this period influences human development, of the issues associated with it, and of the factors and effects experienced by prospective parents. The purpose of this discussion is to find out the risks (dangers) of the prenatal period, to find out the implications of prenatal development in counseling services
Stres dan kecemasan adalah masalah psikologis yang umum ditemukan di masyarakat. Terapi musik adalah metode pengobatan yang menggunakan musik sebagai alat untuk mengurangi stres dan kecemasan. Beberapa teori telah diajukan sebagai dasar penggunaan terapi musik, seperti teori Gestalt dan teori kognitif-behavioral, yang menjelaskan bahwa terapi musik dapat membantu meredakan kecemasan dan stres dengan memanipulasi persepsi individu terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya dan mengubah pola pikir individu melalui pengalaman mendengarkan musik yang menenangkan. Penelitian sebelumnya juga menunjukkan terapi musik efektif mengurangi stres dan kecemasan, seperti penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Abdul Gofir pada tahun 2017-2021 menemukan bahwa terapi musik berhasil menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien stroke. Namun, diperlukan lebih banyak penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas terapi musik secara lebih empiris dan memperjelas mekanisme yang terlibat dalam pengurangan stres dan kecemasan yang dilakukan oleh terapi musik. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah pentingnya terapi musik sebagai alternatif pengobatan yang efektif untuk mengurangi stres dan kecemasan serta perlunya lebih banyak penelitian untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang efektivitas dan mekanisme terapi musik.