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This study examines sarcastic implicatures in the 2024 United States presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump, with a particular focus on Donald Trump’s utterances. The study aims to identify the forms and types of sarcastic implicatures employed in political discourse during the debate. A qualitative descriptive method with a pragmatic approach was used to analyze how implied meanings are constructed and interpreted within the context of political communication. The data consisted of debate transcripts and video recordings broadcast by CNN, selected based on utterances containing elements of sarcasm. Data analysis was conducted through four stages: identification, classification, coding, and interpretation. The findings reveal that sarcastic implicatures are realized in two main forms, namely indirect non-literal utterances and direct non-literal utterances. In addition, several types of sarcastic implicatures were identified, including undermining, mockery, insult, criticism, and threat. The most dominant type was undermining, which was used to weaken the image and credibility of political opponents. These findings indicate that sarcastic implicatures function as an effective rhetorical strategy in political communication to influence public opinion, shape audience perceptions, and strengthen the speaker’s political position in televised political debates.

This study aims to identify and determine the conversational implicatures that arise in the comment section of Instagram @kementeriankegelapan, which discusses the issue of poisoning related to the “Makanan Bergizi Gratis” (Free Nutritious Food) program. The research method used is qualitative with a pragmatic approach, which not only examines the surface meaning but also considers the context of the utterances. The theory applied in this study is the theory of implicature, specifically conversational implicatures. The data were obtained from the comment section of Instagram @kementeriankegelapan on posts concerning the poisoning issue of MBG (Free Nutritious Food). Data collection was conducted using the listening method (Simak) and the advanced technique of listening-without-participating in speech (simak libat bebas cakap). Data analysis used the referential identity method (padan referensial) with the advanced technique of selecting defining elements (pilah unsur penentu). The findings show that there are eight pieces of data in the form of conversations, each containing an idea or topic that specifically responds to the satirical post uploaded on the @kementeriankegelapan account regarding the MBG food-poisoning issue. The topics include: Azab (punishment), Tunggangan di Akhirat (conveyance/punishment in the afterlife), shouting “Long live Jokowi!”, MBG as a way to alleviate poverty, color codes, preventing fights/gang fights, maggots, and “licking”/being servile. Each of these topics has its own implicature.

Education is important because it provides knowledge and skills that are essential for self-development, character building, improving people's lives, and contributing to the progress of the nation and state. YouTube is a platform used by many people for entertainment and to relieve boredom. YouTube also offers a wide variety of videos and content, ranging from video blogs, entertainment videos, music, to educational videos. Pragmatics is a study that focuses more on what the speaker wants to convey through their speech, not just studying the meaning of words or phrases separately. In pragmatics, there are several terms of speech act analysis, implicature, deictics, presupposition, and politeness. In this study, the researcher analyzed the pragmatics of deictics. The research is titled “Pragmatic Deixis in the Booklist Playlist on Maudy Ayunda's YouTube Channel.” The researcher found three types of deixis, including 163 instances of personal deixis, 5 instances of place deixis, and 2 instances of time deixis. The research method used was qualitative description.

This study aims to examine pragmatic aspects, particularly speech acts and implicatures, in the lyrics of the song “Sedia Aku Sebelum Hujan” by Idgitaf. By applying a qualitative descriptive method through pragmatic content analysis techniques, this study examines locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts based on Austin's theory, as well as conversational implicatures based on Grice's framework. The results show that the song lyrics are dominated by expressive and commissive illocutionary acts that serve to express sacrifice, vulnerability, and unconditional commitment. Locutionary acts play a role in constructing a literal narrative about protection and relationship inequality, while perlocutionary acts are aimed at evoking feelings of security and gratitude in the listener. Furthermore, the study of implicature reveals deeper implied meanings related to self-sacrifice, acceptance of inequality in relationships, and anticipatory commitment, which are often conveyed through the metaphors of “rain” and “war”. This study concludes that the power of lyrics lies not only in explicit romantic expressions, but also in the strategic use of language to perform actions and convey implicit values of devotion, reflecting the complex dynamics of human relationships, even when they are unbalanced. These findings emphasize the importance of pragmatic analysis in fully understanding the communicative and artistic impact of song lyrics.

This research analyzes the speech acts used by the student community at Universitas Negeri Medan in both academic and social interactions. Speech acts are the smallest components in communication that determine the meaning or intention of an utterance as conveyed by the speaker in accordance with a specific context or condition. The communication context consists of social contexts, which refer to the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms, principles, implicatures, deixis, and how various communication contexts influence the choice of speech acts and linguistic politeness. The methodology employed in this study combines methodological and theoretical approaches. The methodological approach is descriptive qualitative, while the theoretical approach applies pragmatic perspectives supported by literature review. The research methods include observation, interviews, audio recordings, transcription, and literature study by analyzing relevant sources. The findings reveal that in social interactions, students more frequently employ expressive and commissive speech acts to build and express emotions. Factors influencing this include situational context, the impact of media and technology, relationships with interlocutors, and cultural background. The study concludes that understanding speech acts is crucial for improving communication effectiveness among students in both academic and social settings. The implications of this research can be applied to the development of better communication strategies in educational environments and to enhance students’ awareness of polite and contextually appropriate language use.

This study aims to identify the forms of implicature and language styles employed by netizens when commenting on the TikTok account @owner daviena skincare. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a pragmatic approach, this research explores the linguistic phenomena occurring in the comment section of selected posts. Data collection techniques include non-participant observation, attentive listening, note-taking, and documentation. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of implicature, which covers both conventional and non-conventional implicatures. The findings reveal that the comment section displays a variety of implicatures, with the dominant purposes being to offer advice, deliver criticism, and express support toward the content creator. Conventional implicatures appear when the meaning conveyed is closely tied to specific linguistic expressions, while non-conventional implicatures are identified in cases where the intended meaning relies on contextual interpretation. In terms of language style, the majority of comments utilize informal and conversational expressions, characterized by colloquial vocabulary, slang, and abbreviations that are common in online interactions. The analysis also highlights that the interplay between implicature and informal language style reflects the spontaneous and dynamic nature of digital communication on social media. Such interactions not only serve as a platform for engagement but also illustrate how language is adapted to suit the immediacy and brevity of online discourse. The study concludes that understanding implicature in social media contexts is essential for interpreting the underlying meanings beyond the literal content of user comments. Furthermore, the predominance of informal styles demonstrates the influence of digital culture on contemporary language use, particularly among netizens engaged in beauty and skincare communities.

This study investigates conversational implicature in the 2024 animated film Inside Out 2 by analyzing characters’ utterances through the lens of Grice’s theory of implicature and cooperative principles. Conversational implicature refers to the implied meanings not directly expressed but inferred through contextual understanding. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this study examines both particularized and generalized implicatures, drawing data from selected dialogues in the film and its official transcript. The emotional complexity of the movie—highlighted by the presence of characters such as Anxiety, Envy, and Embarrassment—provides rich ground for analyzing indirect communication. Findings show that from 28 data items, 25 are particularized implicatures and 3 are generalized. This distribution emphasizes a strong reliance on context-sensitive communication, where meaning emerges from emotional, psychological, and situational cues. Particularized implicatures often occur in emotionally charged interactions, reflecting the characters’ internal struggles and development, particularly Riley’s journey through adolescence. Generalized implicatures, though less frequent, serve to convey socially shared assumptions, enhancing audience understanding in broader, often humorous contexts. The analysis also highlights how the characters’ utterances align with Grice’s maxims. The maxim of relevance is maintained through contextually appropriate responses; the maxim of quantity appears when speakers provide adequate information; the maxim of quality surfaces through honest and sincere exchanges; and the maxim of manner is evident in clear, concise communication. Together, these implicatures and maxims enrich the film’s emotional depth and narrative subtlety.

This study aims to analyze the pragmatic aspects and persuasive strategies in a public service advertisement entitled "Throw Trash in Its Place. The Earth is Not Your Trash Can." This study uses a pragmatic approach with a focus on the theory of speech acts, implicature, deixis, and politeness of language to reveal how to convey messages effectively and persuasively in the context of public communication. The advertisement is analyzed as a form of directive communication that aims to encourage changes in people's behavior towards issues of cleanliness and environmental concern. The results of the analysis show that this advertisement utilizes strong but polite directive speech acts, normative implicatures to instill values, the use of personal deixis to build closeness with the audience, and positive and negative politeness strategies to maintain social relations. Thus, advertisements not only function as a medium for conveying information, but also as an instrument for forming collective awareness through a communicative approach that is contextual, efficient, and emotionally and rationally appealing to its audience.  

This study analyzes the pragmatic aspects in the subtitle translation of Mean Girls (2004) from English to Indonesian, focusing on speech acts, implicatures, and politeness strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and recording of film dialogues, then analyzed based on pragmatic theory. The results show that the functions and intentions of speech acts are generally maintained in the translation, although there is a softening of intensity or nuance to fit the norms of Indonesian politeness. In terms of implicature, there is a shift or loss of implied meaning, especially in expressions of humor, irony, and cultural idioms that are difficult to translate directly. Politeness strategies in the original version that tend to be frontal and explicit are often mitigated in translation to conform to Indonesian communication norms that prioritize social harmony. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and pragmatic context understanding in audiovisual translation to effectively convey the meaning and nuances of intercultural communication.  

This article discusses the lyrics of the song “Rasa Ini” by Vierratale as a representation of hidden feelings of love, emotional wounds, and doubts in relationships. Through a qualitative descriptive approach and Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory and Grice’s implicature theory, this article analyzes the figurative meaning in the song lyrics, especially the use of metaphor, symbolism, signs, connotation, denotation, and emotional narrative structures that emerge through a first-person perspective. The findings show that the lyrics of this song not only convey messages verbally, but also describe a strong inner mood through visualization of imagery, melody, musical nuances, and supporting poetic emotions. The presence of the background of the songwriter, Kevin Aprilio, also enriches the intertextual meaning that is manifested in the authenticity of emotions. This song is also a mirror of popular culture that reflects the dynamics of love in Indonesian society, especially love that is not conveyed directly, internalized in personal experiences, the psychology of the listener, and expressions of cultural identity.

This study aims to describe: (1) the meaning of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the novel ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari, (2) define the function of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the novel ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari, and (3) describe the types of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari based on Grice’s theory about implicature. The research method was descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are sentences in utterances containing implicature. The data in this study were obtained by reading, recording and note-taking techniques. The findings are as follows. There are 8 forms of conventional implicature found. Based on the results of the classification that has been done, there are four intentions, 1 utterance of the intention of commanding, 1 utterance of the intention of pride, 1 utterance of the intention of giving information. Types of utterances that contain conventional implicatures in the novel 'The Years of The Voiceless'. Each implicature has a function. The function of conventional implicatures in the novel can be categorized into three functions, namely 1. implicatures that function as persuasive or persuade, 1 implicature that functions as directive, namely giving advice, 1 implicature that functions as expressive, namely showing hatred. Based on the results of the classification that has been done, there are two classifications, 1 type of declarative speech (statement), 1 type of imperative speech (command).

This study aims to identify and describe the violations of the cooperative principle in the dialogues of the films My Stupid Boss and My Stupid Boss 2 directed by Upi Avianto, using Paul Grice’s conversational maxims as the analytical framework. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with observation and note-taking techniques for data collection. The data were taken from character dialogues that indicated violations of the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The findings reveal that the most frequent violations occurred in the maxim of quantity, predominantly by the main character, Bossman. These violations do not always hinder communication but often generate conversational implicatures that reflect the character’s speech style, personality traits, and comedic effects.

The goal of this study is to analyze of implicature in Stand-up Comedy : Mamat Alkatiri” Somasi” . To conduct this study, researchers used qualitative methodologies. Mamat Alkatiri’s Jokes, obtained from Youtube, served as the research's data source. This study relies on jokes by Mamat Alkatiri, that is implicature. This study used observation and implicature to collect the data. After we analyze, Mamat Alkatiri’s jokes were noted together with the implicature. The meaning research is then used to analyze the data. The examination of the lines from Mamat Alkatiri’s jokes that was done for the study of implicature. The situation described in the Mamat Alkatiri’s jokes serves as the implicature.

Pragmatics, a fundamental branch of linguistics, focuses on the implicit rules that govern human interaction. It delves into how meaning is constructed, conveyed, and interpreted in everyday communication beyond literal language. This study explores the mechanisms of pragmatics in daily life, particularly how context, shared knowledge, and social conventions influence interactions. Key areas examined include speech acts, implicature, and politeness strategies, which highlight the dynamic nature of meaning-making in various social contexts. Speech acts, such as requests, apologies, and promises, illustrate how utterances perform actions beyond their lexical content. Implicature examines how individuals infer meaning that is not explicitly stated, relying on context and shared assumptions. Politeness strategies, which vary across cultures, play a crucial role in managing interpersonal relationships and ensuring smooth communication by balancing social expectations and individual intentions. Understanding these unspoken rules is essential for effective communication, as they often dictate the success of social interactions. Misinterpretations in pragmatics can lead to misunderstandings, social faux pas, or conflicts, emphasizing the importance of cultural and contextual awareness. Pragmatic competence is crucial in multilingual and multicultural settings, where differing conventions and norms can create unique challenges. By synthesizing theoretical insights from existing literature, this study highlights the pervasive influence of pragmatics in shaping human interaction. It underscores the necessity of pragmatic awareness in fostering interpersonal understanding, enhancing communication skills, and navigating the complexities of social life effectively.  

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios. The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

This research investigates the role of context in pragmatic interpretation, focusing on how context influences the understanding of meaning in communication. By examining various aspects such as implicature, deixis, presuppositions, and speech acts, the study highlights how speakers and listeners navigate meaning through contextual clues. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data from real-life interactions, including interviews and observations. Findings reveal that context is not just a passive backdrop but an active participant in shaping meaning, particularly in intercultural communication. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and its indispensable role in pragmatic interpretation, offering insights for language teaching, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications.

Language in a state address functions not only as a medium for delivering information but also as a political communication tool rich in meaning and pragmatic strategies. This study describes the forms and functions of implicature found in President Joko Widodo’s State Address at the 2024 Annual Session of the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR RI). The study focuses on two aspects: (1) the types of implicature, consisting of conventional and nonconventional implicatures, and (2) the functions of implicature, including assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive functions. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach and content analysis. The data, in the form of utterances containing implied meanings, were collected using the listening and note-taking techniques and analyzed based on Grice’s implicature theory and relevant pragmatic frameworks. The results show that President Joko Widodo’s state address contains two types of implicature: conventional implicature, which carries explicit and commonly understood meanings, and nonconventional implicature, which requires contextual interpretation because of its implicit nature. Furthermore, four functions of implicature were identified: (1) assertive, used to express facts and the speaker’s beliefs; (2) directive, containing appeals and encouragement to continue national development; (3) expressive, conveying gratitude and appreciation to national institutions; and (4) commissive, emphasizing the President’s commitment to maintaining international trust and national sovereignty. Overall, the findings reveal that the use of implicature in the state address serves as an effective and polite political communication strategy. 

This study investigates the pragmatic strategies employed in digital communication, specifically within social media platforms. As the use of social media continues to rise, understanding how users navigate language and meaning in these contexts becomes increasingly vital. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes user interactions on platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook to identify key pragmatic strategies, including politeness, implicature, and contextual cues. The findings reveal that social media users employ diverse strategies to convey messages effectively in an environment characterized by brevity and immediacy. Additionally, the research highlights significant cultural influences on language use, showcasing variations in communication styles, humour, and politeness norms across different cultural backgrounds. These insights underscore the importance of cultural awareness in fostering effective cross-cultural communication. Ultimately, this research contributes to the field of pragmatics by enhancing our understanding of the interplay between language, culture, and digital communication. The study also offers practical recommendations for social media users to improve their communication effectiveness, facilitating more respectful and meaningful interactions in the digital space. As digital communication evolves, further exploration of emerging trends and challenges in this area is essential for adapting to the dynamic landscape of human interaction.

The film “Hati Suhita” released in 2023 is an adaptation of the novel by Khilma Anis. Because it is set in an Islamic boarding school causes the film to have dialogues that are thick with politeness. However, this does not deny that the film also contains conversational implicatures. The aim of this study is to describe the forms of conversational implicatures found in the film “Hati Suhita” and explain how the process of violating the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness can cause the emergence of implicatures. This study uses two approaches, namely a theoretical approach with pragmatic studies and a qualitative descriptive approach as a methodological approach. The data collection method uses the listening method with advanced techniques, namely the proficient free-involved listening technique and note-taking technique. Based on the 736 speech data from the film “Hati Suhita”, 63 speeches containing conversational implicature were found. The details of the implicature are 26 implicatures caused by the violation of cooperation principle and 37 implicatures caused by the violation of politeness principle. The thimble violation that creates the most implicature in the film is the violation of the thimble of agreement maxim. In addition, no violations of the thimble of modesty maxim and the thimble of obligation of S to O maxim were found in the analyzed data. Hopefully, this research can reveal the implied meanings in the dialogue between the characters in the film Hati Suhita.

This research aims to describe the types of conversational implicatures found in the novel Oriana's Wedding Diary by Ayana Kamila, as well as their implementation in Indonesian language learning in high school. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The subject of this research is the novel Oriana's Wedding Diary by Ayana Kamila. Data collection techniques in this research used note-reading and literature study techniques. The results of this research were that several types of conversational implicatures were found in the novel, including: 1) General conversational implicatures, 6 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. 2) Specific conversational implicatures, 4 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. 3) Scale conversational implicatures, 3 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. The results of this conversational implicature research can also be implemented in high school in several materials, such as anecdote text material, fiction and non-fiction book material, and finally in historical story (novel) text material. In learning materials there are often sentences that can be interpreted in various ways. By understanding implicature, it is hoped that it can reduce confusion in interpreting the meaning that students have regarding these sentences.