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Background: Breastfeeding is a valuable experience for both mother and infant, enhancing cognitive development, immunity, and emotional bonding. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains suboptimal, partly due to inadequate breastfeeding technique skills among mothers. Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in breastfeeding technique skills among pregnant women before and after a video-based educational intervention at the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital, Klungkung Regency. Methods: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 160 pregnant women visiting the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital from March to April 2025. A sample of 32 pregnant women was determined using a comparative analysis sample size formula and selected via purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through observation using a validated and reliable breastfeeding technique skill checklist (calculated $r = 0.411 - 0.758 > 0.349$; Cronbach's alpha $= 0.757 > 0.6$). Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed, with values of 0.325 (pre-test) and 0.127 (post-test) $> 0.05$. The mean score for breastfeeding technique skills was 42.28 before the intervention and increased to 70.46 afterwards. The paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference in breastfeeding technique skills before and after the educational intervention ($p = 0.000 < 0.05$). Conclusion: Video media is highly effective in improving breastfeeding technique skills. Future initiatives should focus on developing more comprehensive video content to further enhance educational efficacy.

Anemia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi pada remaja putri dan wanita usia subur. Rendahnya pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah dan vitamin B kompleks dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya anemia yang berdampak pada kesehatan dan produktivitas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pentingnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah dan vitamin B kompleks sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan kesehatan melalui media leaflet yang dilaksanakan pada masyarakat Gintungan RT 06/RW 02, Desa Gogik, Ungaran Barat. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 37 peserta yang terdiri atas remaja putri, wanita usia subur, ibu hamil, ibu menyusui, dan masyarakat umum. Materi yang diberikan meliputi pengertian anemia, faktor risiko, manfaat tablet tambah darah dan vitamin B kompleks, aturan konsumsi, efek samping, faktor yang memengaruhi penyerapan zat besi, serta pola makan bergizi untuk mencegah anemia. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 35,1% setelah penyuluhan. Peserta juga menunjukkan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai manfaat suplemen, cara konsumsi yang benar, dan upaya pencegahan anemia. Penyuluhan menggunakan media leaflet efektif sebagai sarana edukasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pencegahan anemia.

ASI eksklusif merupakan pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) tanpa tambahan makanan maupun minuman lain sejak bayi lahir hingga usia 6 bulan, kecuali obat dan vitamin. Setelah usia 6 bulan, pemberian ASI dilanjutkan bersama makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) hingga usia 2 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui  pemberian ASI eksklusif dan ASI lanjutan sampai usia 2 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan terdiri dari 6 ibu menyusui berusia 6-24 bulan, 1 bidan,1 kader dan 3 suami yang dipilih menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Antecedent, ibu memiliki pengetahuan mengenai ASI eksklusif dan ASI lanjutan hingga usia 2 tahun. Faktor pekerjaan memengaruhi praktik pemberian ASI, terutama pada ibu bekerja yang harus memerah dan menyimpan ASI. Dukungan keluarga, khususnya suami menjadi faktor penting dalam memberikan bantuan selama proses menyusui. Selain itu, dukungan petugas kesehatan melalui edukasi mengenai pemberian ASI ekslusif dan ASI lanjutan. Behavior, ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan melanjutkan ASI bersama MP-ASI. Proses menyusui dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan bayi dengan frekuensi sekitar 8–10 kali per hari dan durasi sekitar 10–15 menit setiap sesi. Namun, beberapa ibu mengalami produksi ASI yang tidak keluar sehingga beralih menggunakan susu formula. Consequence, pemberian ASI memberikan dampak positif peningkatan daya tahan tubuh bayi, serta menghemat ekonomi keluarga. Namun, ibu juga mengalami dampak negatif seperti kelelahan, puting lecet dan payudara bengkak.

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif merupakan sumber nutrisi terbaik bagi bayi karena mengandung zat gizi lengkap yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan optimal. Meskipun demikian, cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Desa Rarang masih relatif rendah, yaitu sebesar 72,5%. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kondisi tersebut adalah ketidaklancaran produksi ASI pada masa awal menyusui, sehingga kebutuhan ASI bayi belum dapat terpenuhi secara optimal. Pijat oksitosin merupakan salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk merangsang pelepasan hormon oksitosin sehingga membantu meningkatkan produksi dan pengeluaran ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pijat oksitosin terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui bayi usia 2–6 minggu di Desa Rarang. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan rancangan two group pre-test and post-test design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 36 ibu menyusui yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 18 responden dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 18 responden. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi pijat oksitosin, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menerima intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk menilai perubahan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi serta uji Mann–Whitney untuk membandingkan hasil antara kedua kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata volume ASI pada kelompok perlakuan meningkat secara signifikan dari 106,67 ml menjadi 132,67 ml (p<0,001). Pada kelompok kontrol, peningkatan volume ASI terjadi dari 105,83 ml menjadi 111,67 ml. Hasil uji Mann–Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai post-test antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p<0,001). Disimpulkan bahwa pijat oksitosin berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dan lebih efektif dibandingkan tanpa intervensi.

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still a public health challenge because it has a direct impact on infant health. Factors that cause low coverage of breastfeeding include problems in the breastfeeding process, economic conditions, environmental support, and socio-cultural aspects. Milk production is influenced by the hormone prolactin, while milk production is influenced by the hormone oxytocin. One of the interventions that has been proven to help with breast milk production is oxytocin massage. Based on this, this community service activity was carried out as an effort to increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. The method of the activity is in the form of health counseling to pregnant women in the third trimester with educational media in the form of presentation materials. The activity was complemented by discussions, questions and answers, and demonstrations of the right oxytocin massage techniques to strengthen participants' understanding. The implementation of the activity went well and received enthusiasm from the participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in pregnant women's knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and skills in performing oxytocin massage. Thus, this activity is expected to support the increase in exclusive breastfeeding coverage through the empowerment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as a promotive-preventive strategy in maintaining the health of babies in a sustainable manner.

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan salah satu kebijakan strategis pemerintah dalam upaya pemenuhan gizi masyarakat yang dilaksanakan melalui Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) sebagai penyedia layanan pangan. Dalam implementasinya, setiap SPPG diwajibkan memiliki sejumlah legalitas keamanan pangan, seperti Sertifikat Laik Higiene Sanitasi (SLHS), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), dan Sertifikat Halal guna menjamin mutu serta keamanan produk makanan yang didistribusikan kepada penerima manfaat. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan SPPG yang belum memenuhi persyaratan sertifikasi tersebut tetapi telah beroperasi dan ditetapkan sebagai penyedia layanan dalam Program MBG. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk inkonsistensi regulasi dalam sertifikasi keamanan pangan pada SPPG serta mengkaji dampaknya terhadap implementasi Program MBG. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi terkait implementasi sertifikasi keamanan pangan pada SPPG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inkonsistensi regulasi terjadi akibat disharmoni kebijakan antar institusi, perbedaan standar operasional sertifikasi, lemahnya mekanisme validasi dan audit oleh Badan Gizi Nasional (BGN), serta seringnya pelanggaran administratif dan rendahnya penerapan sanksi. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada rendahnya jaminan kualitas dan keamanan pangan, ketidakpastian standar kandungan gizi produk makanan, serta potensi kerugian bagi penerima manfaat, khususnya siswa, ibu menyusui, dan lansia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi regulasi, standardisasi mekanisme sertifikasi, serta penguatan koordinasi dan konsistensi penerapan sanksi merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan efektivitas sertifikasi keamanan pangan pada SPPG guna mendukung keberhasilan implementasi Program MBG secara berkelanjutan.

Limited readiness for breastfeeding among third-trimester pregnant women may affect the success of breastfeeding practices. Insufficient knowledge regarding proper breastfeeding techniques can lead to various lactation-related problems, including incorrect breastfeeding positions, poor infant attachment, and ineffective breastfeeding. Therefore, effective educational interventions are needed to improve breastfeeding readiness during pregnancy. This community service program aimed to strengthen breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women through e-booklet-based education on breastfeeding techniques in the working area of Kelapa Community Health Center. The program was conducted in June 2025 and involved 20 third-trimester pregnant women. Educational activities were delivered through interactive lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and the distribution of e-booklets. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to assess changes in participants’ knowledge and attitudes after the intervention. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge, with the proportion of women in the good knowledge category increasing from 20.0% to 75.0%, while the poor knowledge category decreased from 30.0% to 0%. Positive attitudes toward breastfeeding also increased from 40.0% to 85.0% following the educational intervention. The use of e-booklets as educational media facilitated participants’ understanding of breastfeeding materials and enabled independent review of the information after the program. This community service activity demonstrates that e-booklet-based breastfeeding education is effective in improving knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and strengthening breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women

Breast milk (ASI) is the best source of nutrition for newborns because it contains complete, safe, and stable nutrients, thus supporting optimal growth and development of infants. However, some breastfeeding mothers still do not fully understand the sufficiency of breast milk and its benefits for babies. Therefore, health education efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding breastfeeding. Health education is an educational activity aimed at inviting and encouraging the community to be willing to take actions that can maintain and improve health. This health education activity on the sufficiency of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers was held on January 24, 2026, at the Sungai Durian Community Health Center (UPTD). The method used in this activity was the delivery of material through health counseling accompanied by a measurement of the level of knowledge using pretest and posttest questionnaires. After the presentation of the material, breastfeeding mothers were asked to complete a posttest questionnaire to assess their understanding of the material that had been provided. The measurement results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores, indicating an increase in knowledge of breastfeeding mothers after being provided with health education. Thus, it can be concluded that health education activities about breast milk sufficiency are effective in increasing the understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding the importance of providing sufficient breast milk for babies.

A decrease in the height of the uterine fundus is an important indicator of a normal uterine involution process after childbirth. Delayed reduction of fundal height may lead to uterine subinvolution, which increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, particularly in post–cesarean section mothers. Early breastfeeding and early mobilization are recommended interventions to support uterine contraction, prevent vaginal bleeding, and accelerate uterine involution. This study aimed to examine the effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on reducing the height of the uterine fundus in post–sectio caesarea mothers treated in the Amaryllis SMC Room at Telogorejo Hospital. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of 523 post–cesarean section mothers hospitalized at SMC Telogorejo Hospital between January and November 2023. Data were collected using structured observation sheets to measure fundal height before and after the interventions. The results showed that the average uterine fundal height before early breastfeeding and early mobilization was 19.74 cm above the symphysis, while after the interventions it decreased to an average of 12.49 cm above the symphysis. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of early breastfeeding and early mobilization on the reduction of uterine fundal height (p = 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of implementing early breastfeeding and mobilization as part of postpartum nursing care to support uterine involution and reduce the risk of complications in post–cesarean section mothers.

The production of breast milk is essential for promoting optimal growth and developmental outcomes in infants throughout the first six months of life. Nevertheless, several studies have indicated that some breastfeeding mothers face challenges in producing adequate milk, often influenced by nutritional status, psychological conditions, and environmental support. The katuk plant (Sauropus androgynus), a well-known local herb, has long been recognized for its potential as a natural galactagogue that can stimulate breast milk production. The innovation of processing katuk leaf extract into biscuits offers a more practical, convenient, and potentially acceptable alternative for daily consumption among the community. The present study aimed to examine the impact of katuk leaf biscuits on breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers within the jurisdiction of Kuta Baro Health Center, Aceh Besar District. A pre-experimental design utilizing a one-group pretest–posttest method was implemented, involving 20 breastfeeding mothers who fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through the administration of questionnaires and by measuring breast milk volume using a calibrated measuring cup.The study findings indicated that before the intervention, most participants had relatively low breast milk production, averaging 69.1 ml. After a seven-day intervention, the mean breast milk volume showed a significant increase to 246.5 ml, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the findings indicate that katuk leaf biscuits exert a significant influence on increasing breast milk production. Overall, this study underscores the potential of locally sourced, herbal-based food innovations as an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing breast milk production and supporting the success of exclusive breastfeeding programs.

Exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is not optimal, the main problem is the low level of public awareness. Support from trained cadres helps in the success of exclusive breastfeeding activities for mothers. This activity aims to re-establish the role of breastfeeding cadres in mentoring pregnant women's classes so as to increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This community service program uses methods and media in the form of structured counseling, focus group discussions and practice of exclusive breastfeeding education techniques, breastfeeding techniques, breast milk pumping techniques and exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers. The implementation of the activity was carried out in 32 breastfeeding cadres in 2 villages in the Arjasa Health Center working area. The results of the activity were an increase in cadre understanding of lactation management with a pre-test value of 31% and a post-test of 60%. During the mentoring of breastfeeding cadres, observations were made of cadres when providing education to pregnant women regarding lactation preparation and an average practice value of 63% was obtained. The revitalization of breastfeeding cadres was followed up with the commitment of the Arjasa Health Center to continue the activities that had been running with breastfeeding assistance from pregnancy to breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding success often faces various challenges, one of which is the infant’s anatomical condition, such as a lip tie. Successful breastfeeding can be achieved if mothers and infants develop good breastfeeding skills, including correct LATCH technique. This study aims to determine the effect of breastfeeding education on breastfeeding effectiveness using the LATCH method among postpartum mothers with infants with lip tie at Krakatau Medika Hospital Cilegon. The research design was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study population included all breastfeeding mothers with infants diagnosed with lip tie, with a total sample of 29 participants selected through accidental sampling. The results showed that the rate of effective breastfeeding with good attachment before the education was 13.8% and increased to 41.4% after the education, with the mean breastfeeding effectiveness score rising from 4.86 to 6.97. The paired t-test revealed a significant difference between LATCH scores before and after the education (p < 0.001). It is recommended that Krakatau Medika Hospital develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for breastfeeding education using the LATCH method.

Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the provision of only breast milk to infants for the first six months without additional food or drink, including water. Breast milk has important benefits in improving infant health, growth, and survival. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, including in the Pasar Health Center in Prabumulih City, has not yet reached the national target of 80%. One factor influencing the success of exclusive breastfeeding is husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 49 mothers with infants aged 7–12 months. The study was conducted in the Pasar Health Center in May 2025. The results showed that 28 infants (57.1%) received exclusive breastfeeding, and 30 mothers (61.2%) reported receiving support from their husbands. Statistical tests using the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that husband's support plays an important role in successful breastfeeding. This research suggests that involving husbands in breastfeeding education and support is highly recommended to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

ASI mengandung nutrisi dan antibodi penting untuk bayi. Meski banyak ibu sadar akan manfaat ASI eksklusif, produksi ASI sering kurang optimal akibat perawatan payudara yang tidak tepat. Pijat laktasi terbukti efektif meningkatkan produksi ASI dengan merangsang hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin. Namun, pengetahuan ibu tentang pijat laktasi masih minim dan perlu ditingkatkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah one group pre-test post-test design dengan pendekatan quasi eksperimen. Penelitian dilakukan pada satu kelompok yang diberi perlakuan, dengan pengukuran variabel sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu memilih responden berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yang relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Berdasarkan perhitungan didapatkan nilai P-Value untuk pre-test dan post-test sebesar 0.000. Karena P-Value untuk pre-test <0,05 dan P-Value untuk post-test <0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data hasil uji normalitas tersebut berdistribusi tidak normal sehingga selanjutnya digunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pijat laktasi terhadap volume ASI. Penelitian menunjukkan pijat laktasi berpengaruh terhadap volume ASI. Volume ASI meningkat pada 24 responden (68,57%) setelah intervensi. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan P-Value 0,000 (< 0,05), menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan volume ASI setelah pijat laktasi.

Correct breastfeeding technique significantly influences milk production due to the influence of the hormone oxytocin. With the wrong breastfeeding technique, breast milk intake to the baby will not be effective because the baby cannot suckle strongly and slowly, which can hinder the process of breast milk production. Implementing proper breastfeeding technique can facilitate breastfeeding and provide comfort during breastfeeding, thus preventing problems such as soreness and back pain. Examining the correlation between breastfeeding techniques and hormone activation on milk production. This study employed a quantitative analytical design using primary data through a cross-sectional approach. The sample was drawn using accidental sampling. The sample size for this study was 30. The data analysis used the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed a correlation of 0.512 > 0.361. The results of this study recommend that other researchers who intend to conduct research on the Correlation of Mother's Breastfeeding Techniques to Breast Milk Production. There is a relationship between the two variables which has a positive correlation direction. To involve more samples and variables studied with different designs and use instruments that have standard validity and reliability values.

Exclusive breastfeeding is a key strategy to improve child health and nutrition, yet its practice in Indonesia remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between husbands’ knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and mothers’ motivation to breastfeed in Ie Masen Kayee Adang Village, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 50 husbands whose wives were breastfeeding infants aged 0–12 months through questionnaires distributed directly and via Google Form. The instrument’s validity and reliability were tested and met the required standards. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most husbands had a high level of knowledge (68%), and most mothers demonstrated high motivation to breastfeed (64%). The Chi-Square analysis indicated a significant relationship between husbands’ knowledge and mothers’ motivation (p = 0.039). These findings suggest that involving husbands as active partners in health promotion and breastfeeding education programs can increase maternal motivation and improve exclusive breastfeeding practices. This study highlights the importance of family-centered interventions to strengthen breastfeeding support and enhance maternal and child health outcomes.

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life is an important strategy to support optimal growth and development. Breast milk has many benefits for babies, such as strengthening the immune system and supporting brain development. However, various obstacles such as emotional stress, lack of self-confidence, and minimal support from family and the community remain significant barriers to successful breastfeeding. These issues often lead to failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding in accordance with health recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding training in improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in the Bojongkerta area of Bogor City. Hypnobreastfeeding is a psychological approach that combines relaxation techniques, positive affirmations, and education about breastfeeding to help mothers feel more confident in the breastfeeding process. This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre- and post-test design without a control group. A total of 31 breastfeeding mothers participated in this training, which included education about breastfeeding, positive affirmation techniques, and relaxation exercises. Data analysis results showed a significant increase in mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding after the training intervention. Furthermore, the study also recorded an increase in the success of exclusive breastfeeding during the observation period. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that hypnobreastfeeding is an effective approach to supporting the empowerment of breastfeeding mothers at the community level. This method offers a psychologically based solution to overcome social barriers that affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains a challenge in several areas, including Bojongkerta Village, within the Cipaku Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction, South Bogor District, Bogor City. Lack of knowledge, high levels of stress during breastfeeding, and minimal family support are often major obstacles to successful exclusive breastfeeding. One approach that can be applied to address these issues is hypnobreastfeeding, a relaxation technique combined with positive affirmations to support mothers' readiness to breastfeed. The objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding through community-based hypnobreastfeeding training, which also involves Posyandu RW 1 cadres as the main supporting partners of the activity. The method used in this activity involves three stages: first, education and training in hypnobreastfeeding techniques for breastfeeding mothers; second, practical mentoring by lecturers involving students from the Midwifery Diploma Three Program at Ummi University Bogor; and third, evaluation of results through knowledge measurement and observation of breastfeeding practices. A total of 10 breastfeeding mothers and 4 Posyandu cadres participated in this activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and a positive change in attitudes towards breastfeeding practices. Furthermore, the active involvement of Posyandu cadres is expected to strengthen ongoing support at the community level. In conclusion, the hypnobreastfeeding training had a positive impact on empowering breastfeeding mothers and strengthening the role of Posyandu cadres as supporters of the exclusive breastfeeding program at the community level. This program also has the potential to expand the reach of education about exclusive breastfeeding and increase the success of sustainable exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Infant mortality rates (IMR) at the global and national levels occur mostly during the neonatal period. One way to reduce infant mortality is to provide the best food, namely breast milk. The breastfeeding process can be hampered due to several problems, one of which is the occurrence of breast milk dams. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between mothers' knowledge about breastfeeding techniques and breast milk dams at PMB Pratiwi Agustian. The research method used was a quantitative analytic study with a cross sectional design. The research sample was 28 respondents using total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of breastfeeding mothers with good knowledge of breastfeeding techniques did not experience breast milk dams as many as 5 people (71.4%), 13 people (76.5%) did not experience breast milk dams in the moderate category, and 4 people (100.0%) experienced breast milk dams in the poor category. Correlation analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge of breastfeeding techniques and breast milk dams in nursing mothers at PMB Pratiwi Agustian with a significant value of p = 0.015. Lack of knowledge about proper breastfeeding techniques can increase the risk of breast milk dams in mothers. Therefore, improving mothers' knowledge and skills in breastfeeding through proper education and counseling is crucial to prevent or reduce the incidence of breast milk dams.

Breast milk (BM) is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns up to six months old, providing essential antibodies, complete nutrition, and easier digestion compared to formula milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, and efforts to support lactation include consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This study aimed to examine the effect of papaya and watermelon consumption on breast milk expression in nursing mothers. The research utilized a true experimental design with a two-group post-test approach, conducted over five consecutive days. The intervention involved consuming 400 grams of cut papaya and 300 grams of watermelon daily. The study population consisted of postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, resulting in a total of 42 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the intervention group. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that papaya consumption significantly affected breast milk expression, with a p-value of 0.046 (<0.05), accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This result indicated that papaya intervention increased breast milk expression by 2,000 times. Similarly, the watermelon intervention showed a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.02 (<0.05), also leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The analysis suggested that watermelon consumption improved breast milk expression in nursing mothers by 3.162 times. These findings highlight the potential benefits of consuming papaya and watermelon in enhancing lactation, providing valuable insights for nursing mothers and healthcare professionals in supporting breastfeeding practices.