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Reduced appetite, diarrhea, cough, and joint pain are common health issues. Traditional medicinal plants such as Temu Ireng, Curcuma, Sand Ginger, and Ginger have been used to treat these conditions. This study aims to optimize the formulation of lozenges containing these plants using a combination of mannitol and sucrose as excipients through the SLD (Simple Lattice Design) method. Five formulations with varying ratios of mannitol and sucrose (FI = 75:25, FII = 25:75, FIII = 100:0, FIV = 0:100, FV = 50:50) were prepared using wet granulation. Granule physical properties were evaluated, and the optimum formulation was identified using statistical analysis including normality tests and one-sample t-tests. The results indicated that FI (mannitol 75%, sucrose 25%) provided the most desirable characteristics, with excellent granule flow, compressibility, and uniformity in lozenge quality. This research contributes to the development of herbal lozenges with optimized excipient combinations, enhancing the efficacy and quality of traditional medicine products.

Cervical cancer remains a major health problem with a high proportion of diagnoses in advanced stages. At the Gayamsari Community Health Center, IVA and HPV DNA tests are implemented as primary screening to prevent cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the IVA test and HPV DNA in early detection of cervical cancer. The approach in this research is qualitative with a case study type. This subject selection was carried out on women who had previously had sexual relations and were vulnerable to HIV exposure at the Gayamsari Community Health Center. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews and documentation.

Early detection is the use of certain tests, tests or procedures that can be used well to differentiate between a person who appears healthy or who is actually healthy and suffers from an abnormality, an attempt to prevent the disease from identifying a disease or disorder that is not clinically obvious. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer and IVA Test motivation at the Peureulak East Aceh Health Center in 2024. This study is quantitative with a cross sectional research design conducted in the working area of the Peureulak Health Center. The population in this study is married pregnant women, which is 96 people.  The sampling technique used is total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire and bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test. The conclusion obtained was a p-value of 0.001<0.05, which means that there is a relationship between knowledge and motivation for early detection of cervical cancer at the Peureulak Health Center, East Aceh in 2024.        

This research aims to determine the effect of using the Card Match Index model in learning Pancasila Education on the topic of mutual cooperation for Grade IV Students at UPT SPF SD Inpres Karuwisi 1. This type of research is an experimental research in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, which is an experiment that in its implementation only involves one class as an experimental class without a control class. The sample studied was 18 students of grade IVA UPT SPF SD Inpres Karuwisi 1 Makassar City. The data collection instruments used in this study were written tests in the form of essays, initial tests (pretests) and final tests (posttests) to measure student learning outcomes before and after the application of the card match index model. The data analysis technique used was a descriptive and inferential analysis test. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the effect of the positive card match index model, understanding of the material and concepts of Pancasila Education with this card match index model showed better learning outcomes than before the card match index model was applied. The results of the inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula, it is known that the value obtained is that t count> t table, namely 8.89> 1.73 with the results of the hypothesis H1 accepted. This proves that the use of the card match index model in Pancasila Education learning has an influence on student learning outcomes. The results of the inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula, it is known that the value obtained is that t count> t table, namely 8.89> 1.73 with the results of the hypothesis H1 accepted. This proves that the use of the card match index model in Pancasila Education learning has an influence on student learning outcomes.

Cervical cancer is very dangerous because it can result in death, so it needs serious attention. One of the efforts to prevent cervical cancer in women of fertile age (WUS) is by conducting a visual inspection of acetic acid (IVA) test. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the low number of IVA examinations at the Margorejo Pati Community Health Center. Cervical cancer is the fourth highest cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 which represents 6.6% of all female cancers. The high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced through prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programs. As of 2016, VIA coverage in Indonesia was 4.34%, which is still far from the national target of 10% at the end of 2015. In Indonesia, cervical cancer is still the cancer with the second largest number of sufferers after breast cancer. The incidence of new cases of cervical cancer according to GLOBOCAN data, 2018 for women in Indonesia is around 32,469 cases (17.2%) with a death rate of 18,279 (8.8%). The Global Burden of Cancer Study (Globocan) from the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that the total cancer cases in Indonesia in 2020 reached 396,914 cases and the total deaths were 234,511 cases. According to the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (YKI), one of the causes of the high number of cancer cases in Indonesia is environmental conditions that continue to produce carcinogens, such as cigarettes, processed meat, etc. Other causes that also influence include the habit of staying up late, lack of exercise, and eating too much. As a form of cancer prevention and control in Indonesia, especially breast cancer and cervical cancer, the Ministry of Health has made several efforts such as early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in women aged 30-50 years using the Visual Inspection method with Acetic Acid (IVA).      

This research aims to describe the short story writing ability of class IV students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar through the Problem Based Learning model and to describe the effective Problem Based Learning learning model applied in writing short stories for class IV students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar. This research uses the one group pretest-posttest design research method. The population in this study were all students in class IVA and class IVB at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar. The sampling technique used is a data source retrieval technique with certain considerations with experimental class and control class samples. The instrument used is a test instrument in the form of essay questions to measure students' short story writing results using the Pretest - Posttest. Based on the research results, it shows that students' ability to write short stories after using the Problem Based Learning learning model in the experimental class is in the high category, namely a posttest result of 90.42. Meanwhile, the average score of the control class posttest results was in the low category, 72.50. It is proven in the management results of the hypothesis that Sig (2. Tailed) = 0.000, meaning that H_0 is rejected because Sig (2. Tailed) < α or (0.000 < 0.05). H_1 is accepted because Sig (Tailed) > α or (0.596 > 0.05). In the analysis of the T Sig <t_tabel or (0.596 <1.746) test, it is concluded that H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted, meaning that there is significant effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning model in learning to write short stories for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Andi Tonro Makassar.

IVA test is one of the first steps to detect early cancer easily, cheaply, and can be done by midwives and provide immediate results, done visually using 3-5% vinegar acid. The low IVA test examination at the South Paringin Health Center from January to November 2022 of 82 WUS people or 1.89% % of the total WUS may be due to low information and negative WUS attitudes. This research method uses a descriptive method. With the population of all WUS in the working area of the South Paringin Health Center, precisely in Tarangan village in November 2022, using a saturated sample technique of 56 people. The results of the study found that 49 people (87.5%) had increased information in the good category and 56 people (100%) had a positive attitude.

Cervical cancer is a disease that can be detected early in various ways, one of which is screening. Based on its effectiveness, detection that can be done is by means of pap smears and IVA tests. The IVA test is an initial action to detect changes in abnormal cervical cells and can be carried out in all types of health services, including community health centers. Here partners are not yet motivated to carry out screening. So it is necessary to provide education about early detection screening for cervical cancer.