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Cashew leaves or also called monkey guava are known by many people, especially in Southeast Sulawesi and are believed to have a number of health benefits but are still rarely known by some people. This study aims to determine the profile of secondary metabolite content and determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale Linn) using the extraction method by maceration. The extraction process of old cashew leaves is carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent for 3 days of soaking and stirring every 24 hours, then concentration is carried out through the evaporation process. Phytochemical testing includes identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins, as well as testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the extract of cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale Linn) strongly positive contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Based on the results of the IC50 calculation, 96% ethanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 14.35 ppm (µg/mL) with a very high category. The content of secondary metabolites and very high antioxidant activity from the results obtained, explain that cashew nuts have the potential to increase body immunity and can be used in various antioxidant food products so that cashew leaves are more economically valuable for the community.

The enzyme α-amylase is one of the enzymes that plays a role in the process of degrading starch into maltose and glucose. Organic compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids are inhibitors of α-amylase. The star fruit plant (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) has α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity and has the potential to be used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine whether ethanol extract and the fraction of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) have α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity, inhibition against α-amylase enzyme and better inhibition activity. The test of α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was carried out using 3 test groups, namely negative control, positive control (acarbose) and samples (ethanol extract and star fruit fraction) with concentrations of 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm. The results of testing the inhibitory activity of α-amylase enzyme of ethanol extract and the fraction of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) obtained IC50 values of 5.581 μg/mL, 76.725 μg/mL, 43.152 μg/mL and 55.447 μg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) at a concentration of 200 ppm has a very strong activity in inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition percentage of 85.217% and an IC50 value of 5.581 μg/mL.

Arumanis mango rind (Mangifera indica L) usually becomes organic waste, but contains flavonoid secondary metabolites. Arumanis mango rind extract was chosen so that it can be used as an antioxidant compound, which is an antidote to free radicals. The aim of this research was to examine the antioxidant activity and toxicity tests of arumanis mango rind extract. The result is that the maximum absorption wave of DPPH is 518 nm, with an absorbance of 0.788. The results of comparative antioxidant activity for gallic acid obtained IC50 = 4.424 µg/mL, while the arumanis mango rind extract sample had an IC50 value = 18.294 µg/mL. For toxicity test results, the LC50 value = 169.043 µg/mL. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of arumanis mango rind extract is classified as very strong (<50 µg/mL) and the toxicity is classified as toxic (<1,000 µg/mL).

Snacks among school children still contain many unhealthy ingredients (high sugar salt and saturated fat) fulfillment of the nutritional needs of school children can be achieved by changing to healthier snacks, one of which is snack bars. Fulfillment of nutrients in making snack bars can be obtained from local food ingredients, namely purple sweet potato flour and moringa seed flour. The aim is to determine the acceptability, nutritional content and antioxidant power of snack bar formula substituted with purple sweet potato flour and moringa seed flour as a healthy snack for school children. The design used a completely randomized design (CRD) method. Formulation of making snack bar substitution of purple sweet potato flour and moringa seed flour with three treatments F1 (90%:10%), F2 (80%:20%), and F3 (70%:30%). Research Results: Based on the results of the acceptability test, the selected formulation is F2. The snack bar contains 33.769% protein, 8.941% fat, 30.22% carbohydrate, 29.546% moisture content, 1.81% ash content, and IC50 antioxidant power of 101.354 ppm (medium).  

Pear skin contains flavonoids which have potential as antioxidants. Considering the existence of humans as social creatures, interacting with each other requires self-confidence to be well accepted. For this reason, humans need self-care to appear charming, attractive and full of self-confidence. Masks are a type of cosmetic treatment that is well known and widely used. The mask works deeply to remove dead horn cells on the skin. This research aimed to determine the potential antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of pear peel (Pyrus bretschneideri) which was formulated as a sheet mask preparation. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol to obtain pear peel extract. The antioxidant activity test method was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results obtained from the concentration of the sheet mask preparation of pear peel extract (Phyrus bretschneideri) were homogeneous and stable. The pH results obtained from F0 (5,1), F1 (5,4), F2 (5,5), F3 (5,6), are still within the safe range of facial skin pH. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the IC50 value for F1 was 84.58 ppm with intensity (Strong), F2 69.96 ppm with intensity (Strong), and F3 63.79 ppm with intensity (Strong).

A novel compound called 3-chloro-4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)azetidin-2-one (3-CDBA), derived from beta-lactams, was investigated for its effects on human leukemia (HL-60) cells, pancreatic cancer (TCP-1026) cells, and healthy cells (WRL68) for comparison. The compound showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.55 µg/ml on the leukemia cells, 141.3 µg/ml on the pancreatic cancer cells, and 353.8 µg/ml on the healthy cells. This indicates that the compound selectively kills cancer cells while having minimal effect on healthy cells, as higher concentrations are required to kill half of the healthy cells. These findings suggest that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In comparison to conventional antioxidants like ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition at the highest concentration, with a value of 72.95% and an IC50 of 42.67 µg/ml. Furthermore, the compound's effects were studied on two types of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (positive) and Escherichia coli (negative), as well as various Penicillium species. The compound showed the greatest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. In a theoretical examination, molecular docking was employed to design and synthesize a drug using the beta-lactam derivative and a target associated with cancer cells from a protein database. The compound demonstrated a strong and close interaction with amino acids and different sites within the active pocket, resulting in a higher binding energy. This indicates that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by disrupting their metabolic processes.  To determine the lethal dose (LD50), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) was administered to half of the animals in the study.

Free radicals are unpaired electron molecules that are unstable and can attack important macromolecules causing cell damage in the body. Antioxidants themselves are compounds that can prevent oxidative reactions by free radicals. One of the plants that has the potential as an antioxidant is Walther indica. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and determine the total flavonoid content of Waltheria indica stem extract. The method used in this study is the DPPH method which is used to determine antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the Waltheria indica ethanol extract was obtained with an IC50 value of 148.7116 ± 2.061 with a moderate antioxidant category.