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Background: The elderly are individuals who have reached the age of 60 and above. For most elderly people, loss or limitation of resources is a factor that can trigger anxiety. Anxiety is a complex emotional condition associated with feelings of fear and often accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The role of nurses as care providers in reducing complaints in anxious clients uses independent nursing interventions, one of which is the application of non- pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy is diversionary therapy. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of diversionary therapy in reducing anxiety levels in elderly people at the Abiyoso Yogyakarta BPSTW unit .Method: The design of this case study is descriptive. This study conducted treatment or intervention on clients to observe changes before and after using the HARS questionnaire .Results: All three forms of diversion therapy administered showed a decrease in anxiety levels in Mr. B. Measurements using the HARS instrument showed a decrease in scores  from an initial 19 to 13 after three interventions. Conclusion: The intervention, administered over three consecutive days, showed positive  changes with a decrease in anxiety scores.

Anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women is a common condition that may negatively affect psychological readiness for childbirth. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This community service activity aimed to reduce anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women through health education and practical training on progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The activity was conducted at PMB Lina Contesa and involved 25 third-trimester pregnant women. The intervention consisted of health education sessions, demonstrations, and guided practice of progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in the mean anxiety scores after the intervention, shifting from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety levels. These findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women. In conclusion, health education combined with progressive muscle relaxation therapy is a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological approach to reduce maternal anxiety and is recommended to be integrated into antenatal care services at midwifery private practices.

Patients undergoing surgery often experience preoperative anxiety due to concerns about the outcome, pain, and the risk of complications. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect the patient's physiological and psychological condition and slow the recovery process. One non-pharmacological effort that can be used to reduce anxiety is the finger-holding relaxation technique, a simple method that can help balance emotions and provide a sense of calm. To determine the effect of the finger-holding relaxation technique on changes in preoperative anxiety levels in patients at Batang Regional General Hospital. Method: This study used a descriptive case study approach. The respondents were four patients who were about to undergo surgery and were experiencing anxiety. The intervention was conducted for approximately 15 minutes using the finger-holding relaxation technique. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). All respondents experienced a decrease in anxiety levels after the intervention. The average reduction in anxiety scores was 7.25 points. Before the intervention, two patients experienced severe anxiety and two patients experienced moderate anxiety. After the intervention, two patients experienced mild anxiety and two others experienced a decrease to moderate levels. This indicates that finger-holding therapy has a positive effect on reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. The finger-holding relaxation technique has been proven effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. This intervention can be used as a simple, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for nurses to improve patient psychological comfort.

Danger signs of pregnancy are signs or symptoms indicating that the mother or fetus is in danger. Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy is a factor that influences the high Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score of mothers in labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores for mothers in childbirth in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area. This is a quantitative study using an observational cross-sectional approach. The population and sample were 32 people using total sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analysis used chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the mother's knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores of mothers in labor in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area with a p value = 0.021 < α value = 0.05. It is hoped that health institutions can increase the knowledge of health workers and the community regarding pregnancy danger signs and the HARS score of mothers in labor.

Chronic kidney failure is a pathophysiological condition that can arise due to various etiologies. Hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney failure who experience problems and clinical difficulties can affect anxiety levels, one of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to patients is Intradialytic exercise because the movements are simple, do not interfere with the hemodialysis procedure, and are useful in reducing anxiety levels. This study aims to determine the effect of intradialytic exercise on anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney failure in the hemodialysis room of Tanjungpinang City Hospital. This study uses a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental design without control design, the design form used is pre and post test. The sample in this study of patients treated at Tanjungpinang City Hospital amounted to 30 people with random sampling techniques. The anxiety level measurement instrument uses the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The statistical analysis used was a normality test with a sig value. > 0.005, t paired sample t test and independent t test. There was a significant influence between the average anxiety level score at the pre-test and post-test in the intervention group (intradialytic exercise) (mean pre-test = 24.60 to mean post-test = 18.33) with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion this study found the effect of intradialytic exercise on anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney failure in the hemodialysis room of Tanjungpinang City Hospital. Suggestion for Tanjungpinang City Hospital, intradialytic exercise therapy can be considered as a non-pharmacological management in patients with chronic kidney failure in the Hemodialysis room to reduce anxiety levels

"Isi Piringku" is a dietary guideline developed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia as part of a balanced nutrition campaign. Understanding this concept is particularly important for elementary school-aged children, as this is a critical period for physical growth, mental development, and the formation of healthy lifestyle habits. A balanced nutritional intake plays a vital role in improving learning concentration, supporting physical activity, and preventing various diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies or excesses. However, the dietary behavior of elementary school students remains far from balanced nutrition principles, with an average achievement of only 53.9%. Based on this condition, this Community Service Program (PkM) aimed to improve the knowledge, skills, and behavior of Youth Red Cross (PMR) members at SDN Krapyak in consuming food according to balanced nutrition guidelines using the “Isi Piringku” media. The activities carried out included obtaining permission, conducting socialization, training on the use of the “Isi Piringku” media, and providing ongoing mentoring. Through this program, it was expected that PMR members could become change agents and role models for their peers in implementing healthy and balanced eating habits. The results of the activity showed that the mentoring was successfully conducted. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge and skills of PMR members, as reflected in the increase in the average score from 70.8 to 90.97 after the intervention. This indicates that the approach using the "Isi Piringku" media is effective in promoting balanced nutritional behavior among elementary school children.

"Isi Piringku" is a dietary guideline developed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia as part of a balanced nutrition campaign. Understanding this concept is particularly important for elementary school-aged children, as this is a critical period for physical growth, mental development, and the formation of healthy lifestyle habits. A balanced nutritional intake plays a vital role in improving learning concentration, supporting physical activity, and preventing various diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies or excesses. However, the dietary behavior of elementary school students remains far from balanced nutrition principles, with an average achievement of only 53.9%. Based on this condition, this Community Service Program (PkM) aimed to improve the knowledge, skills, and behavior of Youth Red Cross (PMR) members at SDN Krapyak in consuming food according to balanced nutrition guidelines using the “Isi Piringku” media. The activities carried out included obtaining permission, conducting socialization, training on the use of the “Isi Piringku” media, and providing ongoing mentoring. Through this program, it was expected that PMR members could become change agents and role models for their peers in implementing healthy and balanced eating habits. The results of the activity showed that the mentoring was successfully conducted. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge and skills of PMR members, as reflected in the increase in the average score from 70.8 to 90.97 after the intervention. This indicates that the approach using the "Isi Piringku" media is effective in promoting balanced nutritional behavior among elementary school children.

Preoperative anxiety is a common issue that can affect both the physical and psychological condition of patients before undergoing surgery. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied to reduce anxiety is the five-finger hypnosis therapy.Evaluating the effectiveness of five-finger hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients at Siloam Silampari Hospital, Lubuklinggau.Using a case study approach with the application of evidence-based nursing practice in nursing care for three preoperative patients experiencing anxiety. Data were collected through nursing assessments and measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to determine anxiety levels. The intervention was carried out over three days following standard operating procedures (SOP).The study results indicate that five-finger hypnosis therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients. The HARS scores gradually decreased, with all patients improving from severe anxiety to mild anxiety and eventually showing no clinically significant anxiety by the third day of the intervention. A more significant impact was observed after the second and third days of intervention, suggesting that this therapy is more effective when applied repeatedly and consistently.

The Komunitas Harapan in Kauman Village, Semarang, was established to address social issues among children, including the lack of social skills due to the influence of a harsh environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of role-playing and modeling methods in improving the social skills of children in the community. The method used is a quantitative approach with an action research model, involving 11 child subjects ranging from kindergarten to elementary school age. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and pre-tests and post-tests. The analysis results show an increase in social skills that is not statistically significant, with a difference of 11.82 points between the average pre-test and post-test scores. However, qualitative observations reveal a positive impact, including increased responsiveness to instructions and mastery of basic social skills such as apologizing. In conclusion, although the quantitative results were not significant, this intervention has a positive impact on the development of children's social skills, which requires more time and a deeper approach for optimal results

Indonesian people widely consume tomato sauce as a condiment or food seasoning. The natural thickening agent commonly used in tomato sauce is starch, generally based on tapioca or cornstarch. The use of breadfruit starch as a thickener is rarely studied and needs to be researched scientifically. This research aimed to evaluate the role of breadfruit starch as a thickener in tomato sauce. This research began with extracting breadfruit starch through wet milling and continued with making tomato sauce based on breadfruit starch. The concentration of breadfruit starch was varied in 3 levels, namely 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Commercial tomato sauce was also evaluated and used as a comparison. Viscosity, color, and organoleptic analyses were conducted on tomato sauce products. The results showed that tomato sauce based on 1.5% breadfruit starch had a higher viscosity (3220.5 cP) than the addition of 0.5% (572 cP) and 1% (1093.5 cP) starch, but it was still much lower than the viscosity of commercial tomato sauce (6922.5 cP). In terms of color, breadfruit starch-based tomato sauce is not much different from commercial tomato sauce in terms of brightness (L: 32-35), redness (a: 9-11), and yellowness (b: 10-15). After organoleptic analysis, the panelists rated the breadfruit starch-based tomato sauce as mediocre (average score 3), compared to the commercial tomato sauce, which the panelists preferred (score 4). These findings indicate that breadfruit starch has potential as a thickener for tomato sauce because it can resemble the quality of tomato sauce in terms of color. However, the concentration of added breadfruit starch still needs to be increased to increase the thickness of the tomato sauce and its acceptance by consumers.

Background:Data obtained from Central Java, on average 40% of DM patients from those aged 40-69 suffer from DM, people who suffer from DM on average have feelings of anxiety about their disease. Anxiety is a vague feeling of restlessness due to discomfort or fear accompanied by a response that causes the individual to be unspecific or unknown. One way to treat anxiety is five finger hypnosis therapy. Objective: To describe the results of applying five finger hypnosis to the health of diabetes mellitus patients. Method: This study method uses the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) Method: According to the HARS scale, there are 14 symptoms that appear in individuals who experience anxiety. Each item observed is given 5 levels of score (Likert scale) between 0 (Zero Present) to 4 (severe). Results: After performing hypnosis on Mrs. E and Mrs. R, which initially had a score of 27, became 20 and a score of 25 became 18. Conclusion: The application of five finger hypnosis therapy can reduce anxiety in Diabetes Millitus patients.

Students who experience difficulties in learning are the teacher's responsibility to overcome the problems faced by students. One of the actions that teachers can take to help students with learning difficulties is through providing remedial activities. The purpose of this research is to find out the steps, obstacles and solutions to the problems of class V-C teachers in implementing remedial activities for students who experience difficulty adding and subtracting mixed fractions at SDN Rangkah I Surabaya. This research uses a method with a descriptive qualitative approach. This research uses data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research are 1). The teacher's steps in implementing remedial activities are that the teacher analyzes the results of the diagnosis of student difficulties by referring to student test scores that are below the KKTP score of 60. Next, by planning remedial activities, the teacher arranges the day, date, time, method, media and prepares the questions that will be created for the activity. remedial. After everything has been carefully planned for remedial activities, the next step is for the teacher to carry out remedial activities for four students who are experiencing difficulties. Next, after carrying out the remedial activities, the teacher assesses the results of the remedial work for each student who took part in the remedial activities. 2). The obstacles for teachers in implementing remedial activities are that they require quite a long time, the physical condition of students is not enthusiastic and the differences in the characteristics of students' comprehension abilities. 3). The teacher's solution to the obstacles in implementing remedial activities is that the teacher maximizes the time for remedial activities, the teacher always provides encouragement in every implementation of remedial activities and the teacher explains again to students who do not understand the explanation individually.

Chronic kidney failure refers to the decline in kidney’s ability to maintain body fluid balance. Hemodialysis, as a kidney function replacement therapy, is needed to remove toxins and control electrolyte fluids in the body. One of the psychological impacts of hemodialysis is anxiety in patients. One way to reduce patient anxiety levels is by conducting murottal Al-Qur’an therapy. This study uses a case report method and was conducted in the Hemodialysis room of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta from May 2 to May 9, 2024. Two people with a diagnosis of chronic kidney failure were respondents in this study. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) was used as an instrument in this study, which was conducted before and after intervention. The results of the study showed that the respondents’ anxiety scores were in the moderate category (24 and 23) and changed to the mild category with a score of 14 after the application of therapy. This therapy has proven effective in reducing anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney failure who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy.

Parents with neonatal babies who are being treated in the Perina-NICU have a psychological burden that causes parents to experience anxiety. To reduce the anxiety of parents of patients who are treated in the Perina-NICU, it is necessary to do psychoeducation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the anxiety level of the patient's parents at Perina-NICU RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang. The research method used was a quasi experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design without a control group. The sample in this study were 30 parents whose children were being treated at the Perina NICU. Data were obtained by distributing the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire which was carried out before and after the anxiety management psychoeducation. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the average anxiety score before psychoeducation was 21.40 and most of the anxiety was in the moderate category, namely 12 (40%). The average anxiety score after psychoeducation was 15.50 and most of the anxiety was in the non-anxious category, namely 12 (40%). There was an effect of psychoeducation on the anxiety level of the parents of babies who are treated in the Perina-NICU with a P value (0.000) < α (0.05). Conclusions and suggestions: there was an influence of psychoeducation on the anxiety level of the parents of babies who are treated at Perina-NICU RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang. It is hoped that psychoeducation will become one of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to reduce the anxiety level of parents of patients treated at the Perina-NICU because the implementation is quite easy and effective.

Symptoms of stemi can cause patients to feel more anxious, this anxiety can be overcome pharmacologically and nonpharmacologically. However, pharmacological therapy can cause various side effects. Therefore, nonpharmacological therapies can be recommended including progressive relaxation techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to anxiety using the HARS scale in stemi patients in the CVCU Room of Prof. Aloei Saboe Hospital. Pre-experimental research method with one group pre post test design, a sample of 4 people who met the sample criteria, the instrument used HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and the data analysis used was univariate analysis. The study findings are that progressive relaxation techniques carried out by researchers for 3 days can reduce the HARS score of the first patient from a score of 11 to 4, the second patient from a score of 12 to 6, the third patient from a score of 13 to 7 and the fourth patient from a score of 12 to 6, so that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be applied in reducing anxiety of stemi patients in the CVCU Room of Prof. Aloei Saboe Hospital. The implication of this study is that the nursing profession is expected to improve the provision of nursing interventions in carrying out the nursing care process comprehensively, namely from bio to psychosocial patients so that it can help patients overcome psychosocial problems in this case the anxiety experienced by patients.    

Labor is the occurrence of the opening and thinning of the cervix and fetus into the birth canal which this process can cause anxiety. This study aims to apply husband assistance to reduce the anxiety felt by mothers with the length of the labor process at Kardinah Hospital, Tegal City. This research is a descriptive research with a case study approach. Research subjects are clients with primigravida or pregnancy for the first time who experience anxiety during the delivery process. The results of the case study research with husband assistance to reduce anxiety using the HARS Scale in patient 1 with a score of 34 after husband assistance experienced a decrease in anxiety to 20 and in patient 2 who previously experienced it with a score of 33 after husband mentoring experienced a decrease in anxiety to 21. Patients with Anxiety when facing the length of the labor process requires assistance from the husband which aims to reduce the anxiety felt by the mother during the delivery process.