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This research examines formation management at the Regional Staffing Agency of Central Kalimantan Province using a descriptive qualitative approach. The focus of the research includes the implementation of formation management, identification of the scope of routine activities, and development of optimization strategies. The results revealed that formation management has been implemented through various integrated aspects, including employee needs planning, formation preparation, staffing budget preparation, employee recruitment process, development and training, and performance evaluation. BKD Central Kalimantan Province has shown good performance in carrying out its duties and functions, focusing on developing employee competencies and increasing employee mobility as part of a quality formation strategy.

In the process of designing mine slopes, drilling or tunneling, to determine the level of strength and brittleness factors of rock on a slope, it is necessary to carry out a uniaxial compressive strength test or indirect tensile strength test of the rock. Compressive strength testing is carried out to determine how long the rock maintains its strength or elastic properties when pressure is applied. This data can be used as information to understand the analysis of factors that influence the physical properties of rocks on the compressive strength of rocks from physical properties and compressive strength testing activities. and indirect tensile strength testing is carried out to determine the stress value contained in the rock. To determine the level of rock brittleness, it can be done by comparing the uniaxial compressive strength value and the indirect tensile strength value. This data can be used as information and reference for companies that will design a mine slope, drill and tunnel, how strong the strength and level of brittleness of rocks in areas dominated by sandstone. This research uses quantitative methods, so that to obtain accurate calculation data, testing methods are used in the form of uniaxial compressive strength tests and indirect tensile strength tests, in this case tested on sandstone samples obtained from 2 rock formations including the Pulaubalang formation and the Balikpapan formation, so that accuracy The test result values ​​can be obtained well. And after testing, a comparison is made between the uniaxial compressive strength test value and the indirect tensile strength test to obtain the Brittleness Index value.Based on the observation results, it can be concluded that when the brittleness of the rock becomes greater, the performance of the cutting digger increases several times.    

Uniaxial Compressive Strength is a test method to classify the strength and characterization of intact rock. Where it is important information in determining the strength and characteristics of a rock obtained by testing using the UCS tool. In this research, an alternative is made in determining the UCS value precisely and easily, namely by using the schmidt hammer test and compressive strength test. Therefore, this research aims to obtain the correlation value between the results of the compressive strength test and the schmidt hammer test on sandstone. Based on the results of observations and calculations that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the compressive strength value in the Balikpapan formation is lower than the compressive strength value in the Pulaubalang formation where the compressive strength value in the Balikpapan formation is 3.3 MPa-4.3 MPa, while the compressive strength value in the Pulaubalang formation is 4.3-5.57 MPa. The rebound number in the Balikpapan formation is lower than the rebound number in the Pulaubalang formation, where the rebound number in the Balikpapan formation is 16-17.8, while the rebound number in the Pulaubalang formation is 18-22.3. The correlation of the uniaxial compressive strength value with the rebound number of the schmidt hammer shows a positive linear correlation between the UCS value and the rebound number of the schmidt hammer, in this case it can be seen that when the uniaxial compressive strength value is higher, the rebound number of the schmidt hammer is also higher.

The uniaxial compressive strength value is one of the important parameters that is widely used in rock engineering projects in determining rock mass. The strength of rocks is greatly influenced by the water content and degree of saturation in the rock. Reduction of strength in rock is associated with an increase in water content, a slight increase in water content will cause a significant deviation in the compressive strength test value.This research is quantitative research, so to obtain accurate calculation data, testing methods are used in the form of compressive strength tests on rocks and physical properties tests in the treatment of samples of original rock, saturated rock and dry rock before testing. In this research, 2 types of rock were used, including limestone and sandstone in 2 rock formations, namely the Balikpapan formation and the Pulaubalang formation, so that the accuracy of the test result values ​​could be obtained well. Based on the results of observations and calculations that have been carried out, the water content values ​​of limestone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Balikpapan formation are obtained with average values ​​of 1.709%, 2.262% and 0.961% respectively. The water content of sandstone in natural, saturated and dry conditions is the Pulaubalang formation with average values ​​of 2.491%, 9.425% and 0.463% respectively. The UCS value of limestone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Balikpapan formation has an average value of 25.29 Mpa, 37.57 Mpa and 40.70 Mpa respectively. The UCS value of sandstone in natural, saturated and dry conditions in the Pulaubalang formation has an average value of 9,565 Mpa, 6,537 Mpa and 12,730 Mpa. It can be concluded that the correlation between uniaxial compressive strength values ​​and water content values ​​in limestone and sandstone shows a positive linear correlation, which means they have a strong relationship. The higher the compressive strength value of limestone and sandstone, the lower the water content value.    

Rotary drilling is one of the drilling methods that is often used for stripping overburden in open pit mining activities. In the rotary drilling process, prediction of the penetration rate is very important for scheduling production and estimating drilling costs. Drilling in mining activities is used, among other things, to create blast holes. In blasting activities, drilling is the first activity that must be carried out to provide a blast hole which will later be filled with explosives to be detonated. Meanwhile, the speed at which the blast hole is prepared is influenced by the speed of the drilling tool to penetrate the rock. Drilling speed is influenced by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors.      

Drilling is an essential operation in mining activities, particularly in borehole preparation for blasting purposes. The efficiency of blasting hole preparation depends significantly on the drilling speed to penetrate the rock formations.Drilling Rate Index (DRI) measures the ease or difficulty of drilling through rock formations. It combines two tests: Brittleness (S20) and SJ value. DRI serves as a common metric to predict drilling capabilities and is classified according to a table classification of drilling rate index.The classification of DRI values for sandstone and mudstone of Balikpapan Formation at PT. RCI Job Site ABK indicates a very high classification with DRI values ranging from 66 to 86. Testing results for samples SBP1 (DRI 75.9), SBP2 (DRI 81.7), SBL1 (DRI 66.6), and SBL2 (DRI 71.1) all fall within the very high classification range.    

Drilling capability, is one of the most important considerations in rock excavation, which can be defined as the ease of drilling a rock mass at a certain time for a long period of time with a drill bit. Rock drilling capabilities are influenced by various factors related to drilling machine working parameters and geotechnical characteristics of the rock mass (Yenice, 2019). Based on the above, this research was carried out to determine the UCS value in rock samples and the relationship formed by the DRI test value with the value produced in the UCS test using a regression analysis graph.    

Rock strength is the ability of a rock to maintain its strength until it breaks when a force is applied. Rock compressive strength is a very important parameter in the world of mining. The compressive strength of the rock determines the mining method that will be used. Several things that influence the compressive strength of rock include porosity, true specific gravity, and water content. With the same volume, if the porosity value is high, the true specific gravity value will be low because of the large number of pores in the rock. This allows the compressive strength value to be low because the rock will crumble more easily when pressure is applied. After testing, the highest compressive strength value was in the Pulaubalang Formation, location 2, with a value of 2.19 MPa. Meanwhile, the lowest compressive strength value was in the Kampungbaru Formation, location 1, with a value of 1.49 MPa. In accordance with the stratigraphic layers in the Kutai Basin, the Pulaubalang Formation is older than the Kampungbaru Formation.    

Uniaxial Compressive Strength is a test method to classify the strength and characterization of intact rock. Where it is important information in determining the strength and characteristics of a rock obtained by testing using the UCS tool. In this research, an alternative is made in determining the UCS value precisely and easily, namely by using the schmidt hammer test and compressive strength test. Therefore, this research aims to obtain the correlation value between the results of the compressive strength test and the schmidt hammer test on siltstone.This research is a quantitative research, so that to obtain accurate calculation data, testing methods are used in the form of compressive strength tests on rocks and schmidt hammer tests, which in this case are tested on siltstone samples. In this study, 2 rock formations were used, including the Pulau Balang formation and the Kampung Baru formation, so that the accuracy of the test results can be obtained properly.  Based on the results of observations and calculations that have been made, it can be concluded that the correlation of the uniaxial compressive strength value with the rebound number schmidt hammer value shows a positive linear correlation between the UCS value and the rebound number schmidt hammer value, in this case it can be seen when the uniaxial compressive strength value is higher, the rebound number schmidt hammer value is also higher.

This research was conducted in Slango village, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi. This research focuses on analyzing the source of rock origin, namely sandstone found in the Peneta Formation. Sandstone in the study area is quite widely distributed with varied characteristics, so determining the original rock is easy to do. This research was carried out to identify the origin of the rock through petrographic analysis of the sandstone so that the history of the formation of the Peneta Formation itself can be reconstructed. After provenance analysis, the Peneta Formation sandstone comes from the Recycle Orogen, precisely in the Subduction Complex Sources subzone. Apart from that, the Peneta sandstone also shows the origin of the Magmatic Arc. Thus, it is interpreted that the Peneta Formation sandstone has undergone several uplift processes due to tectonic activity and has experienced increased maturity or stability from the Continental Block Provenances. Apart from that, it is also influenced by the weathering process of granite heights or other volcanic materials, whether volcanic or plutonic.   Key words: Sandstone, Slango Village, Peneta Formation, Petrography, Provenance