Publication Search

Financial management, both in public and private organizations, is highly vulnerable to fraud and misappropriation of funds. The risk of fraud in financial reporting not only jeopardizes an organization's long-term financial health but also damages the reputation and trust of stakeholders. Professional ethics and integrity are key factors in ensuring good, efficient, and effective financial governance. Weak internalization of professional ethical values ​​among financial practitioners, such as manipulation of financial reports and unauthorized use of official funds, is often a major cause of misappropriation of funds. These cases can significantly harm an organization, as seen in violations of codes of ethics in various large companies. Therefore, strengthening professional ethics in financial management practices is crucial to prevent misappropriation of funds, fraud, or financial manipulation. A strong internal control system, coupled with a good ethical culture, can play a significant role in preventing and detecting these conditions. This study aims to identify factors that support and hinder the implementation of professional ethics in financial management and provide recommendations for improving integrity and accountability in fund management. It is hoped that the results of this study will help organizations strengthen governance, increase transparency, and reduce the risk of fraud through better implementation of professional ethics.

This study aims to analyze tax planning for Income Tax (PPh) Article 21 using the net, gross, and gross-up methods to minimize Corporate Income Tax at the Nahdlatul Ulama Hajj Guidance Foundation in Kediri City. Corporate Income Tax is a tax imposed on income received or obtained by an entity, so an appropriate tax planning strategy is needed in accordance with applicable tax regulations. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data sources in the form of financial reports and payroll data of the foundation. Data analysis techniques include calculating PPh Article 21 using the three methods, fiscal reconciliation, and calculating Corporate Income Tax. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences in tax burdens between the net, gross, and gross-up methods. The gross-up method results in a lower Corporate Income Tax burden compared to the net and gross methods because tax costs can be deducted fiscally. Thus, the application of the gross-up method is considered more effective in tax planning and can be used as a strategic alternative for foundations in optimizing tax burden efficiency without violating applicable tax regulations.

Strategically, the professional code of ethics serves as the foundation of accountability and a key tool for building and maintaining public trust in tax practitioners and accountants. The code of ethics serves as a guideline for maintaining integrity, objectivity, independence, and professional responsibility in every task amid the increasingly complex and competitive dynamics of the business world. The purpose of this study is to examine how the regular application of a professional code of ethics is essential to improving the quality of financial reporting and tax compliance, while preventing malpractice and conflicts of interest. Professional ethical principles and their implementation in the workplace are discussed through a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that compliance with the code of ethics can increase public trust and enhance the credibility of the profession. However, in order for the accounting and tax practitioner professions to remain relevant, professional, and trusted by the public, it is necessary to internalize ethical values to counterbalance economic pressures, client needs, and advances in digital technology.

Local government accounting policies provide the foundation for financial reporting. The Budget Realization Report (LRA) compares budgeted and actual figures, with the resulting balance recorded as the Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran (SILPA, excess financing surplus). This study in East Lombok Regency aims to quantify the SILPA in the 2024 APBD and to analyze the financial accounting policies used in its determination. A descriptive approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Data were collected via structured interviews with local finance officials, observations, and document analysis of APBD financial reports. Qualitative data were reduced and presented to describe policy factors, while quantitative analysis computed the SILPA value. Results show the 2024 LRA recorded a SILPA of IDR 6,414,658,153.17, indicating unused budget funds. These funds will finance the 2025 budget deficit for investment and equity in regional companies. The accounting policy for SILPA determination considered key principles such as prudence, substance over form, and materiality, in accordance with government accounting standards (e.g. applying the conservatism principle to avoid recognizing uncertain revenues). This analysis highlights how regional financial policies influence the management of budget surpluses.

This study examines the factors that cause fraud in financial reporting. The study analyzed 195 data points from 39 financial institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019 to 2023 using a purposive sampling technique. The research applied multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the impact of governance independence and performance variables on the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. The independent variables include financial targets assessed by profitability (return on assets [ROA]), financial stability measured by changes in assets, external pressure measured by the debt-to-equity ratio (DER), and the proportion of independent commissioners as a measure of good corporate governance. The study proves that financial targets affect fraudulent financial reporting, while financial stability, external pressure, and independent commissioners do not influence fraudulent financial reporting. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for regulators, investors, and management to enhance oversight and reduce the risk of fraud in the banking sector.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the probability of financial statement fraud and the components of the Fraud Hexagon: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance, and collusion. Additionally, we examine how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure functions as a moderator. Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2021 and 2024 are the subject of this study. We make use of secondary data gathered from business sustainability and annual reports. Purposive sampling was used to choose the bank sample depending on the completeness of the data. We use the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which works well for evaluating models with complex variables, for the analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide insights into how each element of the Fraud Hexagon contributes to financial statement fraud and how ESG Disclosure can mitigate these risks.

This study examines the impact of Pentagon Fraud factors on FSF, with WBS as a moderation variable, focusing on Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from 2021 to 2024. The Pentagon’s Fraud Theory encompasses five key elements: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance, each of which is represented by financial stability, ineffective monitoring, the quality of auditors, the experience of directors, and CEO pictures. This study aims to determine how these factors affect financial reporting that contains fraud, and whether WBS can strengthen or weaken the relationship between the two. Using a quantitative approach with secondary data from the annual reports of 104 SOEs, thisi study applied panel data regression method. FSF was measured using the Beneish M-Score, while the effect of moderation was tested through moderated regression analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of fraud in the public sector and highlight the importance of WBS as a governance tool in reducing the risk of fraud. The study contributes to the previous literature by integrating a comprehensive fraud framework and testing it with moderation mechanisms, while also focusing on specific institutional contexts (SOEs), which have not been explicity explored in previous studies.

Financial statement integrity refers to financial statements that accurately reflect the true condition of a company, without anything being concealed or hidden. The importance of financial statement integrity has become an increasingly pressing requirement that companies must fulfill in order to avoid misleading financial statement users, which could result in erroneous decision-making. This study aims to analyze the influence of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company size, financial distress, and leverage on financial statement integrity in banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021-2023. The research population consists of banking sector companies listed on the IDX during the 2021-2023 period. This study involves 20 companies selected as samples using purposive sampling. The analysis technique used to test the hypotheses is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company size, and leverage do not affect financial statement integrity, while financial distress has a negative effect on financial statement integrity. This study is expected to provide general input to managers or strategists at companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange to always align all interests involved in company management.

This study investigates the impact of auditor competence and red flag awareness on fraud detection ability, examining the moderating role of professional skepticism. As fraudulent financial reporting poses a critical threat to the integrity of financial disclosures and stakeholder trust, understanding the key factors influencing an auditor's detection capabilities is essential. This study employed a quantitative approach, gathering data from auditors at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Bali Province via a four-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were subsequently analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings indicate that both auditor competence and an awareness of red flags significantly and positively enhance fraud detection capabilities. Conversely, professional skepticism, when analyzed for its direct influence, demonstrated a significant negative effect on this ability. Furthermore, skepticism exhibited a complex moderating role: it significantly weakened the positive relationship between competence and fraud detection, while not significantly moderating the link between red flags and detection ability. These results provide crucial theoretical contributions by revealing the nuanced and sometimes counter-intuitive role of professional skepticism. Practically, they inform policy for audit firms and regulatory bodies, suggesting that while fostering competence and red flag awareness is vital, the application of skepticism requires a more sophisticated and refined approach to truly enhance audit quality and overall fraud detection effectiveness.

Tax avoidance is an effort made by companies to reduce the amount of tax payable. The main source of state revenue is taxes, but tax avoidance that exploits legal loopholes to reduce the tax burden remains an issue on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020 to 2024. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, capital intensity, and leverage on tax avoidance. This study applies a quantitative research approach using secondary data obtained from annual financial reports published on the official website www.idx.co.id as well as from the respective company websites. The analytical method employed is multiple linear regression. The research population consists of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024, with a final sample of 92 observations selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that profitability and capital intensity significantly influence tax avoidance, whereas leverage shows no significant effect on tax avoidance.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of financial reporting and evaluate the economic performance of Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah (KSPPS) Nur Insani during the period from 2022 to 2023. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing secondary data from the Statement of Financial Position, Cash Flow Statement, and Operating Results Report published by the cooperative. The findings indicate that KSPPS Nur Insani has implemented a computerized financial recording system, which enhances accuracy, transparency, and operational efficiency. However, the cooperative experienced significant financial pressure in 2023, as indicated by decreases in cash and cash equivalents, total assets, and temporary syirkah funds, both short-term and long-term. These declines reflect weakened liquidity and reduced fundraising capacity from members. Despite these challenges, the cooperative succeeded in increasing its Net Operating Results (SHU), demonstrating effective revenue management and operational cost control. Overall, the profitability of KSPPS Nur Insani remains positive, yet strategic improvements are necessary, particularly in strengthening liquidity management, increasing funding sources, optimizing asset utilization, and enhancing digital system implementation to support better financial governance. These strategic efforts are expected to improve business sustainability and maintain member trust in the future.

This study presents a meta-analysis of open-access accounting information systems (AIS) literature in Indonesia during the digital transition period of 2015-2025. The primary objective is to identify and map the taxonomy of Independent Variables (X) and Dependent Variables (Y) predominantly used in academic and practical research. Through a systematic review of 15 key accredited articles with Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), this research finds that AIS success determinants (Variable X) have evolved from purely technical factors to integrative clusters encompassing Human Capital (competence, training), Organizational (culture, management commitment), and Technological (infrastructure, internal control) aspects. Meanwhile, Dependent Variables (Y) have shifted from mere technical user satisfaction to strategic impacts such as financial report quality, operational efficiency, and MSME business performance. These findings indicate that AIS research in Indonesia is heavily influenced by public sector regulatory contexts and cloud technology adoption in the MSME sector. This report serves as a reference framework for future researchers to explore emerging variables such as artificial intelligence and cybersecurity behavior within the accounting ecosystem.

The development of digital banks and the operational losses still experienced by PT Bank Aladin Syariah Tbk necessitate a financial health analysis to assess the potential for financial distress. This study aims to assess the potential bankruptcy level of Bank Aladin for the period 2021–2024 using the Modified Altman Z-Score model. The research method is descriptive quantitative with secondary data from annual financial reports and OJK publications, which are analyzed through four main ratios, namely working capital, retained earnings, earnings before taxes, and equity value to total debt. The results show that the Z-Score values are well above the safety threshold, with the highest value of 17.764 in 2021 and the lowest of 9.422 in 2022, mainly driven by high liquidity and equity strength. Thus, it can be concluded that PT Bank Aladin Syariah Tbk is in the Safe Zone category and does not show any potential for bankruptcy during the research period, although an increase in profitability is still needed.

This study aims to understand how accounting functions as a social construction in shaping the meaning of transparency and responsibility in the modern business world. Accounting has long been viewed as a technical, neutral, and objective system; however, both financial and non-financial reporting practices also reflect the values, ideologies, and moral consciousness embedded within organizations. Using a qualitative interpretive approach within the framework of social constructivism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), this study explores the meanings constructed by accounting practitioners through social interactions, organizational culture, and reporting policies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis of corporate reports, and were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. The results reveal that transparency and responsibility are not merely formal obligations but the outcomes of social processes involving the externalization of values by leaders, the objectivation of those values through reporting systems, and their internalization within individual moral awareness. In this context, accounting functions as a social language that reflects organizational morality, legitimacy, and identity. Organizations with participatory and reflective cultures are found to develop more authentic transparency, while bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic transparency. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of critical accounting by asserting that accounting numbers and reports are socially constructed artifacts imbued with values. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of ethical leadership, reflective culture, and social dialogue as foundational elements for implementing authentic transparency and sustainable corporate responsibility.

The development of information technology has encouraged various organizations, including cooperatives, to digitize their service systems. The Credit Cooperative (Kopdit) CU Mera Ndi Ate is one of the cooperatives that still uses a manual system in managing savings and loans, which causes the service process to be slow, inaccurate, and has a high risk of recording errors. This study aims to design and build a web-based savings and loans system that can be used by members of Kopdit CU Mera Ndi Ate. This system allows members to conduct transactions online, view transaction history, and monitor savings or loan balances. The research methods used are observation, interviews, and literature studies. The system development process uses a waterfall model with stages of analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The result of this study is a prototype of a web-based savings and loans information system that has main features such as member registration, transaction recording, financial data management, and automatic financial report generation. With the implementation of this system, it is hoped that the cooperative can improve work efficiency, speed up services, and provide easy access to information to all members.

This study was conducted to analyze the implementation of financial management and accounting practices at a Coffee Shop in South Jakarta operating within the MSME sector, with a focus on the importance of structured financial management and the application of standardized accounting as a fundamental element in supporting business sustainability. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, direct observations, and document review. The findings indicate that the Coffee Shop has applied a cash-based recording system and utilizes a simple point of sales (POS) application to monitor cash flow and sales transactions. However, the recording of fixed assets, depreciation calculations, and the recognition of liabilities have not fully complied with the guidelines of FAS MSMEs, resulting in financial information that remains limited, lacks transparency, and does not provide a comprehensive overview of the business’s financial condition. Therefore, this study highlights the need to improve human resource capabilities in accounting and to implement simple yet credible accounting software to support more accurate, efficient, and accountable financial reporting. With more professional financial management, business owners will be better equipped to make strategic decisions, strengthen stakeholder trust, and enhance the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of the Coffee Shop.

Internal control is a crucial aspect for SMEs in maintaining the reliability of revenue recording and preventing the risk of misappropriation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of internal control in the revenue cycle at Exmo Tea Café and to evaluate its effectiveness through internal audit. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through interviews with management personnel directly involved in transactions and financial recording. The analysis is conducted using the COSO framework, which includes five main components: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The research results indicate that Exmo Tea Café has implemented several basic elements of internal control, such as recording transactions through a cashier application, daily cash reconciliation, and reporting to the owner. However, the effectiveness of these controls is still limited because the segregation of duties between receiving and recording is not optimal, risk assessment is reactive, documentation and report archiving are not systematic, and monitoring is conducted informally. In addition, there are no formal policies regarding operational standards (SOPs) or internal audit procedures that could serve as guidelines for continuous control implementation. These conditions have the potential to lead to risks of fraud, recording errors, and delays in financial reporting. Therefore, these findings underscore the need for a comprehensive enhancement of the internal control system, including strengthening the separation of duties, conducting preventive risk assessments, providing employee training related to financial governance, as well as implementing more formal monitoring and documentation. These improvements are expected to increase reporting accuracy, operational effectiveness, and minimize the potential for errors or fraud in the company's financial activities.  

This study aims to analyze the application of accounting according to PSAK 65 concerning consolidated financial statements to assess the company's financial performance at PT Warung Begok Indonesia. The object of this study is a company in the field of processed livestock manufacturing for the period 2023-2024. The data in this study are primary data sourced from the annual financial reports of the head office and branches. The total sample in this study was 3 company financial reports. Data collection techniques used interviews and documentation. The hypothesis in this study was tested using descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the data analysis carried out in this study, it shows that the financial statements before and after consolidation have an effect on the assessment of the company's financial performance. This study contributes to increasing knowledge and understanding of the head office and branch consolidated reports according to PSAK 65, and can assess the company's financial performance. Although the consolidated report has been carried out, it is hoped that the company will continue to apply controls and policies in its implementation, because this can affect the assessment of the company's financial performance so that it will be useful in decision making.

Cooperatives play a significant role in Indonesia’s economic system because they aim to enhance member welfare through collective ownership and cooperative principles. To maintain accountability, cooperatives are required to prepare financial reports following the Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP). This study examines how SAK ETAP is applied in the financial reporting practices of Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Mandiri Sejahtera, Comal Branch. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, data were gathered through interviews and an analysis of the 2022 financial statements. The results indicate that although the cooperative has implemented several elements of SAK ETAP, full compliance has not been achieved due to limited human resources and the absence of an integrated reporting system. Nevertheless, the preparation of PPAP reports reflects prudence in managing credit risk and highlights the need for digital systems and improved accounting skills to strengthen transparent and accountable financial management.

This study explores the implementation of sustainable accounting practices in the management of Pasir Panjang coastal tourism by examining how local cultural values and community personality influence sustainability-driven decisions. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation analysis involving local community members, tourism actors, and village government representatives. The findings indicate that sustainable accounting is not only understood as an administrative or financial reporting system, but also as a framework shaped by cultural norms, collective identity, and local wisdom. Elements such as communal responsibility, environmental awareness, and traditional stewardship practices significantly contribute to how sustainability initiatives are planned, recorded, and evaluated. Furthermore, the personality traits of the local community—such as openness, cooperation, and strong social cohesion—play an essential role in ensuring inclusive participation and shared accountability. This study concludes that integrating cultural values and community character enhances the effectiveness of sustainable accounting practices in coastal tourism management and encourages long-term environmental and socio-economic resilience.