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This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

This study analyzes the application of politeness principles in Raditya Dika’s YouTube series Cerita Cintaku using a descriptive qualitative approach within a pragmatic framework. The data consist of 53 utterances collected from four videos, representing Leech’s politeness maxims, including tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy. The findings show that the generosity and modesty maxims are the most dominant, indicating Dika’s consistent effort to maintain ethical and respectful communication by prioritizing audience comfort and feelings. His style reflects empathy, humility, and sensitivity, even when delivering humor in a stand-up storytelling format. These results highlight that entertaining digital content can still uphold politeness values effectively. The study provides useful insights for students, educators, and language researchers in understanding the application of politeness strategies in modern communication contexts. In addition, it offers practical guidance for content creators and public figures to balance engaging content with respectful interaction to build positive and sustainable relationships with audiences in digital platforms today.

Enforced disappearance during the New Order era represents a historical reality that has left profound wounds and prolonged uncertainty for both the victims and the families left behind. This reality is powerfully represented in Laut Bercerita, a novel by Leila S. Chudori, through the use of symbolic and evocative literary language. This study aims to reveal the representation of enforced disappearance through the use of figures of speech and metaphors in the novel. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a stylistic approach. The data consist of narrative excerpts containing figures of speech and metaphors related to experiences of loss, suffering, memory, and resistance. Data collection was conducted through intensive reading and systematic note-taking, while data analysis involved classifying types of figures of speech and interpreting their contextual meanings. The findings indicate that metaphors of the sea, silence, darkness, and alienation play a crucial role in constructing the representation of enforced disappearance as a traumatic experience that is not only physical but also psychological and collective in nature. The use of figurative language strengthens the narrative’s expressive power in conveying criticism of state violence while simultaneously preserving the memory of humanitarian tragedies that are often marginalized. This study implies that literary works can function as reflective media and as cultural documentation of histories of violence.

Indonesian language learning in elementary schools, especially on figurative language, still faces various problems, such as difficult to understand material, limited learning media, and low student interest and understanding. This is also experienced by fifth-grade students of SD 1 Mlati Lor who have difficulty recognizing types of figurative language and understanding their meaning well in context. This study aims to develop an interactive flipbook media about figurative language that highlights the local wisdom of North Sulawesi and test its feasibility and practicality for semantic learning. The method used in this study is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Mlati Lor. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, validation by material and media experts, questionnaires for teachers and students, and learning outcome tests. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results of the study indicate that the interactive flipbook media inspired by the local wisdom of North Sulawesi was considered very valid by experts. Furthermore, practicality testing demonstrated that teachers and students responded in the "very practical" category, indicating that the media was easy to use and well-received in learning. The application of local cultural elements has been shown to help students understand figurative language concepts more clearly and meaningfully. Therefore, the developed flipbook can be used as an alternative Indonesian language learning medium to improve students' semantic understanding and cultural knowledge in elementary schools.

Animated cartoons transcend mere entertainment, offering a rich linguistic landscape that mirrors real-world interactions. This study investigates the pragmatics of directive speech acts, focusing on command strategies in Hey Arnold!, a series celebrated for its realistic portrayal of childhood social dynamics. The episode "Full Moon" serves as a case study, capturing relatable scenarios of peer influence, authority, and moral dilemmas frequently encountered in communities. Using frameworks from Leech (1983), Brown and Levinson (1987), and Blum-Kulka (1987), commands are categorised into direct, indirect, politeness-enhanced, and justification-driven forms. Results reveal that institutional figures employ bald-on-record commands to assert dominance, while peer interactions favour indirect and mitigated directives. Justification-based strategies emerge as tools for subtle persuasion, reinforcing Blum-Kulka’s claim that rationalisation fosters compliance. This research underscores that animated cartoons are not simplistic; they act as linguistic laboratories reflecting real-world discourse. By decoding how commands function in fictional dialogue, we gain deeper insights into the nuanced mechanics of directive speech act strategies in everyday communication. Hey Arnold! exemplifies how language shapes social hierarchies and power dynamics, offering valuable perspectives on the interplay between speech acts and social behaviour.

The Titanic drama contains many figurative expressions that reflect deep emotions, life values, and internal conflicts. These figures of speech are used to describe love, fear, sadness, and hope in a more vivid and memorable way. The emotional experiences of the characters, especially Jack and Rose, are shown not only through direct dialogues but also through creative figurative language. This study aims to examine the types of figures of speech found in Titanic, a drama film directed by James Cameron. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this study analyzes the film's dialogues based on the conceptual figurative theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson. This study identified three main types of figures of speech: structural, ontological (including personification and metonymy), and orientational figures of speech. The results showed that structural figures of speech were the most dominant type, appearing in 45.9% of the total data, followed by ontological figures of speech at 29.7%, and orientational figures of speech at 24.3%. This finding proves that figures of speech are not only used to beautify language but also to express feelings and views on life in a deeper and more emotional way. The allusions in Titanic help the audience understand the characters' thoughts and experiences better.

This study aims to uncover the power of speech acts in inspirational quotes by KHR. Ahmad Azaim Ibrahim. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes various quotes produced by this figure and explores their meaning and impact on society. Text analysis methods are used to understand the social, cultural, and psychological contexts behind each quote. The results show that the speech acts in these quotes function not only as motivation but also as tools for shaping positive thought patterns and behaviors. The implications of these findings demonstrate the important role of language in building public awareness and enthusiasm. This research is expected to contribute to the development of linguistics and social psychology studies, as well as encourage the use of inspirational language in everyday life.

This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

This research explores how figurative language shapes the depth of emotion and psychology in the poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath. Through a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research aims to identify the types of figures of speech used and explain how these elements convey the lyricist's inner conflicts related to identity, aging, and self-perception. The analysis shows that Plath consciously uses personification, metaphor, simile, and symbolism to build a reflective and emotionally charged atmosphere. The mirror in this poem is not just an inanimate object, but is present as a conscious observer who speaks, judges, and becomes a silent witness to the aging process and identity crisis of the female character. Through metaphorical and symbolic imagery, the mirror transforms into an inner lake-space that reflects the search for self. The poem closes with an evocative simile, describing the deep fear of realizing one's fading youth. This study shows that Plath's use of similes is not only to embellish the poem, but as an important channel to express fears and emotional vulnerabilities that are often difficult to verbalize. The findings are expected to enrich literary discussions on how poetic language can reveal the complexity of human experience with clarity and intensity.

This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

This study investigates the complexity of contextual meaning in political texts posted by public figures on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter). Grounded in Halliday and Hasan’s theory of situational context and Searle’s speech act theory, the research analyzes how political utterances function through locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. The data, drawn from tweets during the 2024 Indonesian presidential election period, were collected using documentation and structured observation methods. The findings indicate that political texts on X are highly layered, combining explicit facts with implicit criticism, ideological stance, and persuasive strategies. Through representative, expressive, and directive speech acts, public figures construct meaning that influences public perception, evokes emotional responses, and fosters political alignment. This study contributes to the understanding of digital political discourse by highlighting how pragmatic strategies shape the interpretation of meaning in online political communication.

The aim of this research is to study and analyze the language styles contained in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song "All I'm Celebrated" using stylistic studies. Song lyrics are a type of literature that aims to be expressive and beautiful and contain deep emotional messages. In the lyrics, figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, repetition, symbolism and hyperbole are analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The research results show that this language style functions to strengthen meaning, create a reflective atmosphere, and create emotional closeness between the singer and the listener. The lyrics of this song show a poetic message about self-acceptance and the unique beauty of language through the stylistic approach used. According to this research, "All of Me is Celebrated" is an example of a musical that is stylistically and can be analyzed like a literary work.    

The development of digital technology has given birth to a new form of presentation of literary works, one of which is cyber literature. The short story “Sepotong Senja untuk Pacarku”by Seno Gumira Ajidarma, published on the medium.com site, is an example of how literary works are transformed in digital space, combining visual elements, interactivity, and hypertextuality. This study aims to analyze the short story “Sepotong Senja untuk Pacarku” by Seno Gumira Ajidarma through a structural approach. The method used is a qualitative method with a literature study technique. The results of the analysis show that this short story has a romance theme, uses a forward plot, first-person point of view, a poetic language style using various figures of speech, and a story message about love that encourages actions beyond logic. The main character is depicted as a romantic and unyielding figure. In addition, the presentation in digital media enriches the reader's experience through supporting images, comment features, and intertextual relationships with other short stories. This short story shows the typical characteristics of cyber literature, namely interactivity and intertextuality that allow for the expansion of meaning in the story.

The existence of various views on the Incarnation of Christ often causes confusion. Each view provides different arguments. Therefore, a biblical study is needed to provide answers based on biblical principles. The methodology applied is exegesis. Exegesis is a way to interpret the Bible by emphasizing different approaches in the analysis of the original languages of the Bible as the main foundation. In this way, a biblical truth is obtained that can answer the various views that exist. The term incarnation comes from the Latin incarnatio which is composed of in and carnis (in the flesh). This term comes from the Greek translation “σὰρξ sarx sarcosis. Literally, σὰρξ sarcosis means to become flesh. Flesh is literally the muscular part that covers the bones of the human body. Synecdically (a figure of speech that uses a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa, to create a rhetorical or creative effect), it means the physical body as a whole flesh, which is related to the scope of the human worldly situation or mortal nature, earthly descent, blood ties, ethnic groups, and races. In general, this term gives the impression of weakness, fragility, mortality, and participation in human nature. The term σὰρξ – sarx sarcosis is closely related to the opening of the Gospel of John which reveals the word that became flesh (John 1:14). The term flesh (Greek: σὰρξ sarx) in biblical terminology refers to humans with all their anthropological dimensions. In theological terminology, The incarnation is a historical fact that explains that the invisible God, who spoke His word to humans, now clearly appeared as a human being. Jesus Christ is the Word of God who became flesh (John 1:14)

This study aims to reveal the physical and spiritual elements in Heri Isnaini's poems, namely "Kita", "Aku Menunggu Bunga", "Kita Jalan Berdua", and "Mengetuk Ketukan". In terms of physical elements, the analysis includes diction, imagery, concrete words, figures of speech, rhyme, and typography used by the poet to build the beauty and meaning of the poem. Spiritual elements include themes, feelings, tones, and messages that reflect the poet's attitude towards life, love, and human existence. The results of the analysis show that Heri Isnaini uses a lot of simple but meaningful diction, as well as metaphors and personifications that strengthen the emotional nuances. Visual imagery and feelings are dominant in creating a deep poetic atmosphere. Themes such as waiting, togetherness, love, and the search for the meaning of life are the common thread of the entire poem. With a stylistic and hermeneutic approach, it can be concluded that these poems not only reveal the poet's personal expression, but also reflect universal human experiences.

The song "Hujan" is one of the songs popularized by the band Utopia, a band from Indonesia. The band Utopia is known as a pop-rock music genre and Utopia was formed in the 2000s and the song "Hujan" is a song released in 2007 which has strong vocals and a melancholic melody that makes it one of the musical works that is interpreted as an expression of feelings of sadness and longing that are hard to forget. In addition to its touching melody, the strength of the lyrics of this song also lies in the use of language style and figures of speech that enrich the meaning and emotions that are intended to be conveyed. Then the rain of Utopia itself describes the mood and feelings buried in sadness and silence accompanied by the falling rain. Through the lyrics, the singer expresses deep feelings for someone who has left, while reminiscing about the beautiful memories that once existed and this song describes how rain becomes a friend of loneliness and sadness and becomes a reminder of the unforgettable past

The quote "We Must Be Old" from Fourtwnty is not just a song, but a journey within oneself. Through rich and meaningful lyrics, we are invited to reflect on life and the process of growing old. Like poetry that is pleasant to listen to, but also makes us think deeply. His choice of words is topnotch. "White hair", "creased forehead", and "low energy" describe the aging process that we all experience. These straightforward and touching words make us look back, look at the journey of our lives, and think about how precious the passing of time is. Apart from word choice, these lyrics are also good at playing with language styles. There are similes like "steps that used to be nimble, now are limping" and personifications like "time keeps turning around." This style of language not only makes the lyrics cute, but also reminds us that aging is a natural thing and we must accept it gracefully. The lyrics are neatly arranged and the sentences vary in length. There are short sentences that are catchy, there are also long sentences that are full of meaning. This combination makes the song enjoyable to follow and the moral message is even more touching to the heart. "We Must Be Old" is more than just a song. This is Fourtwnty's invitation to make us reflect on the meaning of life, accept aging, and understand how precious time is. Every second is precious and will never come back again.

This article contains an analysis of the language style and figures of speech in the lyrics of the song "Sampai Jadi Debu" by Banda Neira. The discussion in this article focuses on the diction aspect of connotation and the use of figures of speech contained in the song's lyrics. The research method used to analyze the song lyrics is a qualitative descriptive method. The analysis carried out shows that the diction contained in the song lyrics is connotative. The connotative diction used in the song's lyrics is a manifestation of the creative thoughts of the songwriter when creating the lyrics for his songs. Apart from that, the song's lyrics use many figures of speech including metaphors, allegory figures of speech, and hyperbole figures of speech.

This research aims to analyze the figure of speech of Figurecara (hyperbola) contained in a poem of Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research method used a descriptive method. Judging from the secondary data source of this problem formulation is sourced from internet sites besides that, also the supporting source or complete in the discussion of this issue from the literature study research. The data used in this study was that the short story by Eka Kurniawan, a data analysis text used the reading methods. The results showed that we found many of Figure of speech (Figure of hyperbola) in every stanzas we might find when reading the poem.

This piece looks at the use of figure speech, mainly images and giving human traits to things, in Lord Byron's poem 'She Walks in Beauty' from the view of Romanticism. The study shows that B͏yron uses these writing tools to show a woman's beauty in a soft and heartfelt way while also sharing his love and respect for her. This look into it points out how these style choices matter in building meaning and feeling within the poem's setting, stressing ideas of true beauty emotion someone being unique, and creative thought.