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This study aims to develop and evaluate a VisualCommunication Design (VCD) strategy for onlinepromotion through Facebook at CV. Cahaya Grafikain Demak. The research applied a design-basedapproach, combined with audience perception testingusing a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 30respondents aged 18–44 years. The developmentproduced five main outputs: Facebook photo posts,profile and cover design, group posts, story-formatcontent, and adaptation for printed banner media. Theresults show significant improvement in visualattractiveness, message clarity, brand recognition,and engagement performance. The findings indicatethat systematic visual optimization enhancespromotional effectiveness in both digital and printmedia.

Urban plant care is increasingly important for sustainable living, but many users face inconsistent watering, insufficient care knowledge, unsuitable plant selection and delayed disease recognition. This study presents Easy Grow Plants, an integrated web and Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem that connects plant care guidance, soil-moisture monitoring, automated watering, plant recommendation, image-based plant health assistance, marketplace functions, community interaction and plant exchange. The prototype was implemented using a React frontend, Django REST backend, SQLite database and an Arduino UNO R4 WiFi smart pot with a soil moisture sensor, relay module and DC water pump. Functional, interface, API, IoT connectivity, sensor calibration, watering control and LAN deployment tests were conducted. The results show that the core modules operated together as an integrated academic prototype. The system demonstrates a practical foundation for smart urban gardening, although cloud deployment, multi-device testing and stronger AI validation remain future improvements

Urban poverty remains a complex social problem that affects various community groups, including scavengers who work within the informal sector. This study aims to analyze the survival strategies of scavengers in Tangerang City and reflect on their experiences from a Christian theological perspective. The research uses a qualitative approach through literature study and descriptive analysis of relevant social phenomena. The findings show that scavengers develop several survival strategies, including utilizing family and community networks, working persistently, selecting strategic collection areas, managing limited income, and adapting to uncertain environmental and economic conditions. Nevertheless, scavengers continue to face social marginalization, economic vulnerability, occupational risks, limited access to health services, and inadequate social protection. From a Christian theological perspective, this reality calls for a response grounded in love, justice, human dignity, and concern for marginalized communities. Therefore, churches, local communities, and wider society are expected to participate actively in empowering scavengers through holistic, inclusive, and contextual approaches that strengthen welfare, social recognition, and sustainable livelihoods.

Bangka Belitung Islands Province as the largest tin producer faces legality dilemmas and criminalization of artisanal miners due to permit centralization through Law Number 3 of 2020. This study aims to analyze the impact of centralization on artisanal miners' legal access, criminalization practices under Article 158 of the Mineral and Coal Law, and the form of Bangka Artisanal Miners Alliance (ATRB) struggle demanding legal certainty. The research employs qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques through literature study and document analysis of regulations, court decisions, and media reports. Findings show centralization narrows legal access causing slow and bureaucratic process for Artisanal Mining Area (WPR) designation and Artisanal Mining Permit (IPR) issuance. Criminalization practices more frequently affect small-scale miners major actors, creating injustice perceptions and worsening socio-economic conditions of mining households. ATRB emerges as a social movement demanding legal recognition through accelerated WPR and IPR plus economic redistribution through fair tin trade governance. Non-transparent royalty management reaching Rp1.7 trillion worsens community vulnerability. This research contributes to social movement and natural resource politics studies by emphasizing the importance of participatory legalization and governance reform to reduce social conflict.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

Absensi karyawan merupakan aspek penting dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia yang memengaruhi disiplin kerja serta akurasi administrasi dalam suatu organisasi. PT. Bahtera Komunikasi Kreatif saat ini masih menggunakan sistem absensi berbasis sidik jari yang belum terintegrasi dengan pengelolaan cuti seperti izin, cuti sakit, dan work from home (WFH), sehingga proses pencatatan dan pelaporan masih dilakukan secara manual dan berpotensi menimbulkan keterlambatan serta kesalahan administrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem manajemen absensi dan cuti karyawan berbasis web yang lebih fleksibel, terintegrasi, dan mudah diakses. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, tinjauan pustaka, dan kuesioner, dengan pendekatan pengembangan sistem menggunakan model Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) metode Waterfall. Sistem diimplementasikan menggunakan PHP Native, MySQL, serta teknologi web seperti HTML, CSS, JavaScript, dan Bootstrap, dengan dukungan HTML5 Geolocation API dan fitur kamera untuk validasi kehadiran. Pengujian sistem dilakukan menggunakan Black Box Testing dan User Acceptance Testing (UAT) untuk memastikan fungsi sistem berjalan dengan baik serta dapat diterima oleh pengguna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu meningkatkan efisiensi, akurasi data, serta mempermudah monitoring dan pelaporan secara real-time dengan nilai UAT sebesar 4,45 yang termasuk kategori sangat baik. Selain itu, sistem yang dikembangkan juga mampu mengurangi ketergantungan pada proses manual serta meningkatkan transparansi dalam pengelolaan data kehadiran karyawan, sehingga dapat mendukung peningkatan kinerja operasional perusahaan secara keseluruhan.

The development of financial technology has led to the emergence of cryptocurrency as a decentralized digital instrument that enables fast and cross-border financial transactions. While this technology offers efficiency and flexibility in digital financial activities, it also creates opportunities for misuse in various forms of crime, including terrorist financing. This study aims to analyze the use of cryptocurrency as a means of financing terrorist activities in Indonesia, examine the existing legal framework governing terrorist financing, and identify the challenges faced in law enforcement. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a medium for terrorist financing still fulfills the elements of a criminal offense as regulated under Law Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Terrorism Financing. However, the characteristics of cryptocurrency, such as anonymity, decentralization, and cross-border transactions, create significant challenges in the processes of evidence gathering, transaction tracing, and identification of perpetrators. In addition, there is a regulatory gap between the recognition of crypto assets as economic commodities and the supervision of their potential misuse for terrorist financing. Therefore, stronger regulations are needed to explicitly integrate crypto assets into the terrorist financing prevention regime, along with improving the capacity of law enforcement agencies in blockchain transaction analysis and strengthening international cooperation to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in the digital economy era.

This study was conducted to analyze the role of customary institutions in the government system in Karampuang, as well as to analyze the challenges faced by customary institutions in Karampuang. This study emphasizes the strategic role of customary institutions in the preservation of culture and management of natural resources of indigenous communities in Karampuang. The research method used is a qualitative method through a literature review to collect and analyze information related to the role of customary institutions in the Karampuang customary village. Sources used include the collection of literature such as books, journals, articles, and related documents. The results of the study are expected to provide insight related to the strategic role of customary institutions in the government system. The results of this study indicate that customary institutions in Karampuang play a dual role as pillars of culture and as important institutions in the local government structure, maintaining a balance between cultural values ​​and government administration. However, these customary institutions face many challenges, including legal recognition that must be fought for officially, the threat of confiscation of living space that threatens the sovereignty of customary territories, and the need to strengthen institutional capacity to develop amidst social dynamics and the pressures of modernization.

Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) introduces legal breakthroughs by criminalizing non-physical sexual violence that was previously difficult to address through existing criminal law instruments. However, the implementation of evidentiary procedures for these offenses faces various systemic challenges within the framework of Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP). This study aims to analyze the evidentiary problems of non-physical sexual violence, perpetrator criminal accountability, and structural weaknesses of KUHAP in handling such cases. The research method employed is juridical-normative with statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches. The results reveal five main problems: (1) difficulties in proving immaterial acts; (2) insufficiency of conventional evidence; (3) proving perpetrator's mens rea; (4) re-victimization of victims in court proceedings; and (5) inconsistency of judicial interpretation. Criminal accountability of perpetrators is hampered by the absence of specific constructions in KUHAP for psychological and digital-based violence. This study recommends KUHAP reform through expanded recognition of electronic evidence, burden of proof reforms, and strengthened victim protection mechanisms.

Taste.ki MSME, a café in Makassar, faces challenges from intense competition and an suboptimal digital marketing strategy, relying only on Instagram without a consistent content strategy. This study aims to design a website integrated with Instagram to strengthen Brand Awareness and increase sales. The research employed the Four-D method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), and the website was designed using the Wordpress CMS. The results indicate that the website design was successfully implemented. The integration of the website with Instagram significantly improved Brand Awareness, evidenced by a Brand Recognition achievement of 88% and Brand Recall of 94%. Furthermore, this digital strategy positively impacted Taste.ki MSME's sales, showing an increase of 79.20%. This improvement confirms the crucial role of a website as an information hub and conversion channel in an MSME's digital marketing strategy to compete effectively in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the risk of non-performing loans from a financial accounting perspective at the Bahtera Sejahtera Credit Union where Nita works. This study was conducted at the Bahtera Sejahtera Credit Union where Nita works from August 1 to December 19, 2025, located in Nita Village, Nita District, Sikka Regency. Data was collected using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study techniques. Data analysis techniques consisted of three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study indicate that non-performing credit risk is one of the main risks faced by KSP CU Bahtera Sejahtera Tempat Pelayanan Nita and has a significant effect on the cooperative's financial condition. This risk mainly arises due to delays and the inability of members to fulfill their loan payment obligations in accordance with the agreed terms. From a financial accounting perspective, non-performing credit risk management has been carried out through a measurement process based on loan collectability, recognition by forming a credit loss reserve, and presentation and disclosure as reflected in the financial statements and notes to the financial statements. The application of these accounting treatments aims to present financial information that is fair, transparent, and reliable to both internal and external parties of the cooperative. Non-performing credit risk has a direct impact on the decline in surplus (SHU) and has the potential to disrupt the liquidity of the cooperative. Therefore, credit risk control through loan feasibility analysis, payment monitoring, and the establishment of adequate loss reserves is essential to maintain the stability and sustainability of the cooperative's business. Thus, the application of appropriate financial accounting in managing credit risk is an important factor for KSP CU Bahtera Sejahtera Tempat Pelayanan Nita in improving financial performance and maintaining member trust.

Higher education management at the master's level currently faces urgent challenges, namely learning fatigue and low engagement among professional students, especially in Prior Learning Recognition (RPL) classes. Currently, lecturers still tend to apply conventional learning methods based on static presentations that fail to accommodate andragogical characteristics due to a lack of dynamic interaction. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Humanistic Digital Andragogy” approach through the integration of gamification (Kahoot) and visual thinking (Whimsical) in the Strategic Human Resource Management course. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative design with thematic analysis and collected data through feedback from students in the Master of Management Program (Semarang and Sorong classes). The results revealed that technology served as a double catalyst: Whimsical visualization effectively reduced the cognitive load of complex strategy material, while competition in Kahoot triggered positive adrenaline (eustress) that increased attention. These findings confirm that the success of technology is highly dependent on the role of lecturers as humanistic facilitators (high-touch). This synergy has been proven to change students' perceptions of HRM from merely administrative to strategic partners, as well as creating learning satisfaction that is relevant to the world of work.

Online arbitration has emerged as a significant innovation in dispute resolution systems in the digital era, as information technology has become the primary foundation for various legal activities. This mechanism offers a new way to resolve disputes through the use of digital platforms that enable parties to interact without geographical boundaries. This study aims to analyze the relevance, challenges, and changes in legal processes brought about by online arbitration in the modern context. Using a juridical-normative method, the study examines the applicable legal framework, doctrine, and academic literature to understand how digitalization affects arbitration procedures. The analysis shows that online arbitration has strategic value because it can provide efficiency, flexibility, and accessibility not always found in conventional arbitration. However, its implementation still faces various issues, such as data security, technological capability gaps, the integrity of electronic evidence, and the lack of comprehensive legal standards. On the other hand, digitalization has also driven significant changes in the structure of procedural law, including the simplification of procedures and the expansion of the recognition of electronic evidence. This study confirms that the success of online arbitration requires regulatory harmonization, increased technical capacity of the parties, and strengthening of digital infrastructure so that it can function as an effective, fair, and adaptive dispute resolution mechanism to technological developments.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem presensi karyawan berbasis mobile dan web dengan penerapan teknologi geolocation dan face recognition. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan framework Flutter untuk aplikasi mobile dan Laravel Filament untuk sistem web. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi PT Linkfortune adalah ketidakefisienan dalam pencatatan kehadiran manual serta potensi manipulasi data presensi. Dengan penerapan teknologi geolocation, sistem mampu memastikan karyawan melakukan presensi di lokasi yang valid, sedangkan face recognition digunakan untuk memverifikasi identitas pengguna secara otomatis. Metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan pendekatan Waterfall yang terdiri dari tahapan analisis, desain, implementasi, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik, akurat dalam mendeteksi lokasi, dan mampu mengenali wajah dengan tingkat keberhasilan tinggi. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan serta efisiensi proses administrasi kehadiran di perusahaan.

The informal trading of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game accounts through social networking platforms has expanded rapidly alongside the acceleration of digital technology and the growing integration of online gaming into contemporary lifestyles, particularly among younger demographics. Game accounts characterized by high competitive rankings, exclusive virtual assets, and accumulated in-game achievements have increasingly been commodified and exchanged through social media channels such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, predominantly utilizing electronic payment instruments, including digital wallets. Despite its widespread practice, this form of transaction frequently generates legal complications, most notably in relation to consumer protection. Buyers are often exposed to substantial risks, including fraudulent representations, discrepancies between promised and actual account specifications, unauthorized resale, and the revocation of account access after payment completion. This study seeks to critically examine the legal framework governing the trading of Mobile Legends accounts and to assess the extent to which consumer protection mechanisms are afforded under Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Employing a normative juridical research design, this study applies statutory and conceptual approaches supported by the analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that consumer protection within online game account transactions remains structurally insufficient, primarily due to the absence of explicit legal recognition of digital game accounts as legally protected objects. Consequently, the study underscores the necessity of adopting progressive legal interpretation and formulating specific regulatory instruments to enhance legal certainty and ensure more effective consumer protection within the evolving landscape of digital transactions.

Journal this paper explores the concepts of honorarium, salary, and allowances in the field of educantion from the perspective of Prophentic tradition (hadith). The study is grounded in the undertanding that education plays a central role in shaping future generations, and teachers, as key contributors, deserve fair and proper compensation for their service. Despite their crucial role, many educators especially honorary teachers often face challenges due to insuffient financial recognition. This research examines various hadiths that emphasize the virtue of lawful work, the obligation to provide wages fairly and on time, and the importance of upholding justice and benevolence in human relationships. This study emplos qualitative library research by analyzing classical hadith compilation and scholarly interpretation. The findings  highlight that fair compensation is not merely an economic issue but a moral and religious oblagation, reinforcing the need for enducational institutions to ensure teachers welfare in accordance with Islamic ethical principles.

Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection plays a strategic role in providing legal protection for children who are victims of violence, bpth physical and psychological. The enactment of this regulation represents the state’s response to the increasing number of violence cases againts children, which necessitate a more comprehensive and child-oriented legal protection system. This law strengthens legal instruments through the recognition and protection of children’s rights, the imposition of criminal sanctions againts perpetators of violence, and th provision of recovery mechanisms for child victims. However, in practice, the implementation of the Child Protection Law continues to face various challenges, including weak law enforment, limited protection fasilities and infrastructure, and inadequate coordination among relevant institutions. These obstacles have resulted in the suboptimal realization of legal protection for child victims of violence. Therefore, the effectiveness of Child Protection Law largely depends on the responsiveness and commitment of law enforcement officials, as wekk as the synergy between the government, society, and families. Through such collaboration, optimal and sustainable child protection can be achieved.

This study discusses the introduction of digital signature patterns using the Backpropagation method on Artificial Neural Network (JST) to identify a person's characteristics and potential. The increasing use of digital identities demands a verification system that is more secure, accurate, and adaptive to the variations of each individual's signature. The main problem faced in the signature recognition system is the low level of accuracy when the visual features of the signature have similarities between users, both in terms of shape, size, and stroke pressure. In addition, variations of signatures made by the same individual are also a challenge in the identification process. As a solution, this study implements Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract important features from the signature image before the training process using JST. PCA is used to reduce the data dimension so that the learning process becomes more efficient and optimal. A total of 80 signature images were used in this study, consisting of 60 training data and 20 test data. The results showed that the system was able to achieve an accuracy level of 92.5%. These findings prove that the combination of PCA and JST methods is effective in recognizing digital signature patterns and has the potential to be applied to digital security-based biometric identification systems.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem informasi keberadaan dosen dan karyawan di Gedung Elektro Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis menggunakan metode face recognition berbasis Haar Cascade untuk deteksi wajah dan Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) untuk klasifikasi wajah. Sistem memanfaatkan ESP32-CAM sebagai perangkat akuisisi citra dan aplikasi Python untuk antarmuka grafis (GUI) secara real-time. Pengujian dilakukan pada variasi jarak (0,5 m, 1 m, dan 2 m) serta kondisi pencahayaan (terang, sedang, gelap). Hasil menunjukkan akurasi deteksi wajah rata-rata mencapai 83%, dengan pencahayaan terang dan sedang menghasilkan akurasi 100%, sedangkan kondisi gelap turun hingga 50%. Akurasi pengenalan wajah rata-rata sebesar 60%, dengan rincian 92% pada jarak 0,5 m, 50% pada 1 m, dan 33% pada 2 m. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu memberikan informasi keberadaan cdosen dan karyawan secara real-time, meskipun kinerja masih terbatas oleh kualitas kamera 2 MP, kondisi pencahayaan, dan jumlah dataset terbatas. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada implementasi monitoring keberadaan berbasis face recognition di lingkungan kampus serta menjadi dasar pengembangan lebih lanjut dengan kamera resolusi tinggi, metode deep learning, dan integrasi sistem absensi.

Regional government financial management often faces several practical challenges, including delays in financial reconciliation, inconsistencies between capital expenditures and asset records, and incomplete documentation for grants and social assistance. These issues can affect the quality and accountability of regional financial reporting. Therefore, this community service activity aimed to improve the competence of regional government accounting officers in preparing high-quality financial statements in accordance with government accounting principles and applicable regulations. The program was conducted in Blora Regency in 2025 and involved 14 accounting officers from Regional Government Organizations (OPD). The activity was implemented through Technical Guidance and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), consisting of several stages, including needs assessment, technical training, interactive discussions, and evaluation. The training materials focused on strengthening participants’ understanding of accrual-based accounting, financial reporting procedures, internal control systems, and compliance with government financial regulations, particularly Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 on Government Accounting Standards and Government Regulation No. 12 of 2019 on Regional Financial Management. The results indicate that participants’ understanding of financial reporting practices improved significantly, especially in revenue and expenditure recognition, preparation of operational reports and balance sheets, asset depreciation, and receivables management. This activity demonstrates that collaboration between academic institutions and local governments can strengthen technical capacity and improve the quality and accountability of regional financial reporting.