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Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

Tulungagung Regency has the potential for culinary tourism that can be developed, one of which is traditional culinary. Although the Tulungagung Regency Government has presented a "Halal Culinary Area" and a "Pinka Culinary Tourism Area", the area has not fully provided an interesting visual and functional experience. Therefore, it is necessary to design a space that facilitates traditional culinary MSMEs as well as an educational and recreational place. This design carries the theme of contemporary tropical architecture by considering local climatic conditions, through the application of wide openings, cross ventilation, wide trellises, and the use of natural materials, as well as expressive styles with the shape of a rooster roof and the basic shape of an elliptical building as a symbol of adaptation to climate change and the economy in the business environment. The facilities in this design include traditional restaurants, educational bales, wiyata offices, prayer rooms, playgrounds and other supporting facilities that can attract the interest of the community and introduce traditional Tulungagung culinary.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

This study examines the phenomenon of code-mixing among Generation Z in Banjarmasin, particularly in The comments section of TikTok content, which has become a primary digital expression space for young People. The aim of this study was to identify the forms, patterns, and social and cultural factors underlying This linguistic practice. Using descriptive qualitative methods with listening and note-taking techniques, Information was collected from comments on two TikTok posts on the accounts @BudRab and @Fazarbungaz. The findings indicate that the code-mixing that occurred was dominated by the insertion Of Banjarese elements into Indonesian (Banjar-Indonesian code-mixing), as well as a mixture of Banjarese, Indonesian, and English (Outer Code-mixing and Mixed Code-mixing). The forms of code-mixing found Included the insertion of Banjarese words, phrases, and lexical items such as kd (kada), makai, and mun. An analysis of the functions of code-mixing shows that this practice has a dual role: referential (for specific Local contexts), directive (to guide conversations), emotive/expressive (to indicate emotional closeness, for Example, longitude), and most importantly, as a marker of digital identity and cultural solidarity among Banjar speakers in the digital realm. This phenomenon confirms that social media serves as a new, flexible and essential space for the Banjar language to survive and negotiate with global and national languages. This study contributes to sociolinguistics by mapping the dynamics of language evolution among Gen Z in A digital context, highlighting the creative and social aspects of code-mixing.

This study examines the words structure of two selected songs, “Kekal” and “Di Akhir Perang”, from Nadin Amizah’s album Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya, with a focus on identifying and interpreting the functions of open class words and closed class words within the lyrical composition. The background of this research lies in the growing interest in understanding how contemporary Indonesian songwriters construct meaning through linguistic choices that contribute to the emotional depth of their works. The objective of this study is to analyze how open class words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs contribute to semantic imagery, while closed class words such as pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and aspects establish grammatical cohesion and narrative continuity. Using qualitative descriptive methods, the lyrics were segmented, categorized, and interpreted based on linguistic theory to reveal the semantic and grammatical roles of each word class. The findings show that open class words dominate the emotional and metaphorical landscape of the songs, functioning as carriers of imagery, personal vulnerability, and symbolic representation of healing, love, and existential reflection. Meanwhile, closed class words serve as structural anchors that link ideas, mark relationships between clauses, and maintain narrative fluidity, particularly in expressing inner conflict and the resolution of emotional war depicted in the lyrics. The study concludes that Nadin Amizah’s lyricism is not only aesthetically expressive but also linguistically strategic, revealing a deliberate interplay between lexical creativity and grammatical precision. These findings imply that linguistic analysis can enrich the appreciation of contemporary Indonesian music and open new perspectives for future studies in stylistics, discourse analysis, and cultural semantics.

Here, it is examined how language is employed as a weapon on the internet by means of the illocutionary acts in Bhad Bhabie's 2023 diss track "Ms. Whitman." According to J.L. Austin's and John Searle's Speech Act Theory, the paper categorizes the lyrics of the song into the various kinds of illocutionary acts-assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives to determine how word aggression is an instrument of cyberbullying. Through qualitative text analysis, the study reveals expressive and assertive acts most prominent in the lyrics to disseminate defamatory claims, insults, and emotional harm against the object of attack Alabama Barker. Commissive and directive acts, on the other hand, serve to threaten, command, and dominate. The analysis shows how these speech acts collectively construct a model of systematic online verbal attack under the guise of musical performance. The findings show how music culture will tend to normalize aggression, make boundaries between entertainment and harassment opaque, and place audiences' understanding of digital communication ethics. The conclusion synthesizes the recommendation of media education as a means to enable listeners to critically understand the linguistic power of such content.     

This research aims to describe the forms and functions of expressive speech acts found in the film “Perayaan Mati Rasa” by Umay Shahab. This film was chosen because it showcases various forms of emotional expression that reflect the reality of everyday communication. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data, consisting of the characters' utterances in the film, were collected thru observation and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using Chaer's theory of speech acts. The research results indicate that there are six types of expressive speech acts in this film: expressing gratitude, apologizing, praising, showing sympathy, expressing anger/disappointment, and praying/hoping. Each type of speech act has a different social function, such as building emotional closeness, improving social relationships, expressing empathy, and affirming moral values in interactions between characters. This finding suggests that the film “Perayaan Mati Rasa” not only represents emotional conflict but also depicts the dynamics of human communication laden with social and psychological values. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference in pragmatic studies and discourse analysis, particularly in the analysis of expressive speech acts in literary works or film media.

Pantomime arts development in elementary schools plays a crucial role in fostering students' creativity, self-confidence, and expressive abilities. This study examines the transformation of pantomime development at SDN 1 Beureunuen, a school that hosts the National Student Arts Festival and Competition (FLS3N) in Mutiara Timur District, Pidie Regency. Using an active qualitative approach through participant observation, informal interviews, and documentation of participant development from 2019 to 2025, this study examines how creative pedagogy practices, constructivist approaches, and strengthening cultural identity are applied in the development process. The results show a significant increase in school participation in pantomime competitions, from only three groups in 2019 to twelve groups in 2025. SDN 1 Beureunuen's success in winning the gold medal at the national level in the FLS3N has been a driving factor in the paradigm shift of teachers, which in turn has encouraged the creation of a competitive arts ecosystem at the sub-district level. These findings confirm that the implementation of creative pedagogy and tiered development can improve the quality of arts learning and strengthen the capacity of teachers and students in areas with minimal resources.

This study investigates the influence of TikTok usage on the changes in interpersonal communication styles among university students in Indonesia. The rapid development of digital communication platforms, especially TikTok, has reshaped the way young people interact, express themselves, identify changes in their interpersonal communication styles, and analyze the effect of TikTok usage on those changes. Using a quantitative survey method with 100 active university students as respondents, data were collected through an online questionnaire. The results indicate that students’ TikTok usage is categorized as high, particularly in terms of frequency, duration, and engagement intensity. Findings also show a significant shift in communication styles, especially in language choice, expressive patterns, and interaction modes. Simple linear regression analysis confirms that TikTok usage has a strong and significant influence on changes in interpersonal communication styles (p < 0,001; R² = 0,944). These results demonstrate that TikTok not only serves as an entertainment platform but also plays a substantial role in shaping students’ communication behavior. The study highlights important implications for understanding digital communication trends among young adults in Indonesia.   

This artwork is a musical expression that evokes a childlike atmosphere, depicting the innocence, joy, and imagination of childhood that is often forgotten over time. The creation of this work begins with two popular Indonesian children’s songs, which serve as the main source of inspiration for the piece titled Childhood. These two songs were then developed and rearranged with a creative approach, resulting in a new form that retains the basic character of the children's songs but is packaged in a more modern and artistic musical atmosphere. This work uses two main musical patterns: the Waltz, which emphasizes softness, harmony, and romance, and the Swing, which brings energy, dynamics, and the cheerfulness typical of children's music. The fusion of these two patterns is done by considering elements such as tempo, harmony, rhythm, and dynamics to create a communicative and expressive work. Through Childhood, it is hoped that this piece will serve as a reflection of childhood memories, a nostalgic medium for the listeners, and an effort to preserve and revitalize Indonesian children's songs so that they remain relevant and loved across generations.

This study explores teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the Indonesian language in developing communication skills among early childhood learners. As a national language and medium of unity, Indonesian plays a strategic role in children’s linguistic and social growth. The research applied a qualitative descriptive design, using interviews, observations, and documentation with teachers at TK Ar-Raudah in Banjar Regency. Findings reveal that teachers perceive Indonesian as a crucial foundation for enhancing children’s speaking, comprehension, and expressive abilities. The language also supports children’s confidence and social interaction in learning contexts. However, challenges remain, such as the dominance of regional languages and limited teaching resources. Teachers employ strategies combining local and Indonesian languages to build comprehension and comfort. The study concludes that systematic use of Indonesian from early childhood fosters better communication competence and strengthens national identity. Enhancing teacher training and parental involvement is recommended to optimize Indonesian language development in early childhood education.

The study titled “Judges’ Speech Acts in Handling Criminal Cases at the Gorontalo District Court” aims to describe the forms, functions, and meanings of speech acts used by judges in leading court sessions. The introduction emphasizes the importance of language in judicial processes to establish effective, fair, and authoritative communication among judges, defendants, prosecutors, and legal counsels. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. Data were collected through direct observation, documentation, and transcription of court proceedings. The analysis is based on Austin and Searle’s speech act theory, which includes locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. The results show that judges use various types of speech acts, such as directive, declarative, representative, and expressive acts. Illocutionary acts, particularly commands, questions, and assertions, are the most dominant. Their functions are not only to direct the course of the trial but also to maintain order, emphasize legal aspects, and clarify understanding among the parties involved. In conclusion, judges’ speech acts serve as strategic communicative tools with pragmatic power that influence the course of the trial and determine the effectiveness and fairness of the judicial process.

Social media has transformed communication patterns, with TikTok emerging as a platform where interactions are highly expressive and multimodal. This study examines the role of emojis as politeness strategies in the comments section of TikTok influencers, focusing on how these visual symbols help maintain harmonious digital communication. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers analyzed 20 emoji-containing comments from a high-engagement influencer video. The data were interpreted through Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, supplemented by the concept of multimodality. The findings indicate that emojis significantly support both positive and negative politeness strategies. Positive politeness was dominant (around 70%), often realized through empathy, humor, and solidarity-building emojis, while negative politeness was achieved through hedging, apologies, and respectful cues. Emojis also frequently softened bald-on-record statements and enabled off-record indirectness. The study concludes that emojis are crucial in enhancing politeness, enriching emotional expression, and fostering a sense of community in TikTok interactions, highlighting their importance in the evolving landscape of digital sociolinguistics.

This research analyzes the speech acts used by the student community at Universitas Negeri Medan in both academic and social interactions. Speech acts are the smallest components in communication that determine the meaning or intention of an utterance as conveyed by the speaker in accordance with a specific context or condition. The communication context consists of social contexts, which refer to the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms, principles, implicatures, deixis, and how various communication contexts influence the choice of speech acts and linguistic politeness. The methodology employed in this study combines methodological and theoretical approaches. The methodological approach is descriptive qualitative, while the theoretical approach applies pragmatic perspectives supported by literature review. The research methods include observation, interviews, audio recordings, transcription, and literature study by analyzing relevant sources. The findings reveal that in social interactions, students more frequently employ expressive and commissive speech acts to build and express emotions. Factors influencing this include situational context, the impact of media and technology, relationships with interlocutors, and cultural background. The study concludes that understanding speech acts is crucial for improving communication effectiveness among students in both academic and social settings. The implications of this research can be applied to the development of better communication strategies in educational environments and to enhance students’ awareness of polite and contextually appropriate language use.

Cancer is a chronic disease that not only affects physical conditions but also imposes a significant psychological burden on both cancer patients and cancer survivors. Various mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, are frequently experienced throughout the processes of diagnosis, treatment, and the survivorship phase. One psychological intervention that has developed and been widely studied is expressive writing, which allows individuals to freely express their thoughts and emotions through writing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of expressive writing interventions on the mental health of cancer patients and cancer survivors using a literature review method. The article search process was conducted in international databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SpringerLink) and a national database (Garuda), covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Article selection was carried out using PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Based on the selection results, nine articles met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The review findings indicate that most studies report positive effects of expressive writing in reducing anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, as well as improving quality of life, positive affect, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth. However, the effectiveness of this intervention varies depending on individual characteristics, clinical context, writing structure and focus, intervention duration, and cultural appropriateness. Therefore, expressive writing has the potential to serve as an effective, flexible, and low-cost supportive intervention in cancer care, particularly when it is designed contextually and adaptively in accordance with patients’ psychological needs.

Language has a crucial role in understanding human communication, one of which is through speech actions carried out by humans. The existence of speech acts is so diverse, one of which is expressive speech that can reflect the psychological condition of the speaker. This research chose the film Kukira Kau Rumah as an object, because film is one of the objects that contains speech acts through dialogue. In the film, there are many dialogues that are emotionally charged and relevant to mental health issues. The study of this film is important because it can provide a new perspective in pragmatics, especially understanding how language is used to express emotions, build character dynamics, and represent the form of expressive speech itself. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method whose analysis is carried out on the dialogues in the film to find various expressive speech acts, identify the types of expressive speech acts, and define the meaning of speech acts to the context related to these speech acts. The types of expressive speech that were found included the expressive act of praise, thanks, criticism, complaining, blaming, congratulating, and apologizing. This research is expected to contribute new insights in pragmatic studies, especially regarding the analysis of expressive speech acts and new references for linguistic studies.

In everyday communication, expressive speech acts play an important role in conveying the speaker's emotions, feelings and attitudes towards a situation. Film as a communication medium also utilizes expressive speech acts as a medium that builds character and conveys messages to the audience. One film that is interesting to study from the perspective of expressive speech acts is the short film "Kembali Pulang" by Klamby. This film presents various forms of emotional expression that can be explained to understand the function and meaning of language in interactions between characters. The aim of this research is to explain the forms of expressive speech acts contained in the short film "Kembali Pulang" by Klamby. The method used in this research is a theoretical approach and methodological approach. The results of this research found that there were expressive speech acts of feeling guilty, speech acts of praise, speech acts of asking for reassurance, speech acts of complaining, speech acts of refusing, speech acts of confusion, speech acts of anger, speech acts of prayer or hope, and speech acts of congratulating. The benefit of this research is to find out the forms of expressive speech acts in films through pragmatic studies and to train analytical skills through pragmatic studies.

This study is driven by the researcher’s interest in exploring the various forms of expressive speech acts that appear in the movie “Budi Pekerti.” The primary objective of this research is to identify the types of expressive speech acts performed by the characters in the film. Data were collected using observation and note-taking methods, specifically the free listening approach (simak bebas libat cakap, SBLC) and recording techniques. The analysis was conducted using a pragmatic framework, focusing on dialogue excerpts from the film’s characters. The findings reveal that the characters utilize seven types of expressive speech acts: expressing gratitude, giving praise, apologizing, criticizing, complaining, insinuating, and blaming. This study demonstrates that the expressive speech acts in “Budi Pekerti” are closely tied to the social and cultural context of the story. Each type of expressive speech act conveys functions and meanings that reflect the characters’ emotions and attitudes in specific situations. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of how expressive speech acts are used in film media and serves as a reference for future studies related to language use in diverse social and cultural contexts.

The Communication process of human life will not be separated because language has an important role in conveying information. Pragmatics is a field of science that examines the relationship between language and its context and the relationship between language use and its users. This article will focus more on analyzing illocutionary speech acts in a podcast, where the speech act discusses the existence of social, political symptoms, and its sustainability depends on the speaker's language skills in the speech act. The purpose of the study is to identify the use of illocutionary speech acts in the podcast “Indonesia Lebih Baik” on Raymond Chin's YouTube channel. This research uses two approaches, namely pragmatic theoretical and qualitative descriptive methodology. The data is in the form of discourse in the podcast “Indonesia Lebih Baik” on Raymond Chin's YouTube channel, retrieving data using the method of listening and recording and the technique of free listening. The data is analyzed using the commensurate method, and the agih method, and the presentation uses formal and informal data presentation methods. The result shows that there are 426 illocutionary speech acts in the podcast video “Indonesia Lebih Baik” on Raymond Chin's YouTube account and if it is detailed there are 178 repsentative speech acts, 70 directive speech acts, 44 expressive speech acts, 33 commissive speech acts, and 101 declarative speech acts. The dominating speech act is representative speech which is 178 data. While the least data found is 33 data on commissive speech. The realization of this paper is expected to be useful in enriching pragmatic studies on social media speech acts to create an effective work of art, as well as facilitating the public to better understand the purpose and function of speech acts in the ever-growing digital media.

Illocutionary speech are one of the key concepts in pragmatics, referring to actions performed by the speaker through utterances with specific intentions and functions. Illocutionary acts are a central aspect of speech act theory and are categorized into five types, namely expressive, declarative, representative, directive, and commissive acts. This study examines illocutionary acts in the film Sekawan Limo by Bayu Skak. The aim of this research is to analyze how illocutionary acts create additional meaning in communication between characters, as well as to understand how these acts influence the development of the storyline and character progression within the film. The data collection techniques used in this research include a descriptive qualitative approach, along with matching methods, observation and note-taking, as well as formal and informal methods.Based on the findings, we identified inaccuracies or misuses in illocutionary acts, including expressive, declarative, representative, directive, and commissive types. The benefit of this research lies in the development of scientific knowledge and understanding regarding illocutionary acts. For the general public, this study can provide insight into the various types of illocutionary acts. Through this research, we hope to deepen the understanding of illocutionary acts and provide useful information that can serve as a valuable reference for future researchers conducting similar studies.