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Modern urban churches, specifically Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) PRJ Jakarta, face challenges in bridging the intergenerational gap in leadership regeneration. This research aims to reformulate the paradigm of church leadership towards the next generation by exploring the theological meaning of Jesus' act of washing His disciples' feet based on the text of John 13:12-17. Using a qualitative method through a library research approach as well as textual and contextual biblical analysis, this study deconstructs the concept of worldly elitist power into a servant leadership model. The results of the expository analysis show that Jesus validated His historical and political authority not through social status distance, but through incarnational ministry, relational proximity, and role modeling. As a practical implication for the quality of ministry at GBI PRJ Jakarta, these findings recommend a strategic transition from a one-way communication leadership style to relational mentoring, the empowerment of the younger generation through the delegation of authority, and the tangible modeling of integrity. In conclusion, the improvement of shared ministry quality highly depends on the willingness of church leaders to lay aside structural egos and disciple the younger generation through the example of humility centered on the work of the cross of Christ.

The feature video titled “Earning Wages Behind Waste” portrays the lives of a waste picker community in Kampung Pemulung, Jurangmangu Barat, South Tangerang, as a concrete representation of the social dynamics of urban society. This study aims to represent the social reality of waste pickers as part of urban community dynamics through an informative and systematic expository directing approach. The creative process was carried out through three main stages pre-production, production, and post-production which were integrated to produce a coherent, structured, and easily understandable narrative flow for the audience. The expository approach is applied through the use of narration as the primary guiding element to explain the visual context, supported by a logical presentation structure, interviews with informants, and relevant factual data. In the directing process, the author actively organizes the flow of information and integrates visual elements, narration, and interviews to produce a work that is informative, contextual, and educational. Furthermore, cinematographic aspects such as shot variation and camera movement are utilized to support the gradual delivery of information, reinforce visual messages, and maintain objectivity in presentation. The results indicate that the expository approach is effective in presenting the factual reality of waste pickers’ lives and in enhancing audience understanding of their socio-economic conditions in a more comprehensive manner.

The development of documentary films in Indonesia has encouraged the need for presenting reality in an informative manner while maintaining strong visual quality. Documentary films were no longer viewed merely as a medium for recording facts, but also as a creative medium capable of delivering social messages through a cinematic approach. Cinematography became an important element because it played a role in constructing meaning, atmosphere, and viewing experience through well-directed visual management. This study discussed the management of cinematographic elements by the Director of Photography in the documentary film “Mindful Sip: Matcha Beyond The Trend”, which raised the phenomenon of increasing matcha consumption as part of the lifestyle trend among young people. The method used was a creative approach based on expository documentary through the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production. The entire creation process was focused on concept planning, image capturing, and visual as well as narrative refinement so that the documentary message could be conveyed effectively. The results showed that matcha had developed into a symbol of a healthy, productive, and aesthetic lifestyle, yet awareness of responsible consumption was often neglected. The management of camera angle, camera movement, type of shot, and composition was proven to strengthen visual representation and help audiences understand the phenomenon more critically. Therefore, cinematography played an important role not only in producing attractive visuals, but also in clarifying the documentary’s message regarding the relationship between consumption trends and bodily experience.

This study aims to identify and explain language errors in a scientific journal article entitled "Analysis of Language Errors in Expository Texts on the Digital Platform 'Ruangguru', August 2024 Edition as a Reading Resource for High School Students," published in the Semantik Journal, Issue 3, Number 4. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative using a literature study approach. For data collection, observation and recording techniques were used, while data analysis was carried out using the content analysis method. The findings of this study revealed 27 language errors divided into five categories, including 12 spelling errors (typos) (44.4%), 5 word choice errors (18.5%), 4 punctuation errors (14.8%), as well as ineffective sentence structure errors and errors in the bibliography (3 each) (11.1%). The causes of these errors include minimal editing process, inadequate understanding of PUEBI (Indonesian Standards for Ethics and Education), and inaccuracies from the author. This study shows that articles analyzing language errors still contain errors, so there is a need for improvements in the quality of editing by the author and the journal's editorial team.

Documentary film scriptwriting is a crucial element in structuring and delivering information coherently to audiences. This article examines the application of expository narrative in the scriptwriting of the documentary film Mindful Sip: Matcha Beyond the Trend, which addresses the social phenomenon of matcha consumption among Generation Z in Indonesia. The creative process was conducted through pre-production, production, and post-production stages, with scriptwriting as the primary focus. The narrative is structured through three sequences aligned with the three-act framework: sequence orientation introduces the matcha phenomenon contextually and factually; sequence development elaborates the issue across social, scientific, and personal dimensions; and Sequence resolution synthesizes the overall exposition while offering a non-judgmental space for audience reflection. The findings indicate that expository narrative, applied through these three sequences, enables coherent, communicative, and critically reflective scriptwriting. This approach demonstrates how documentary scriptwriting can function not merely as a textual framework, but as the primary instrument in constructing meaningful narratives about contemporary social phenomena.

This study aims to examine the application of an expository approach in the scriptwriting of the documentary film "Jejak Rasa," which highlights Southern Chinese cuisine in Bandung as a representation of cultural acculturation. The background of this research is based on the declining interest of the younger generation in traditional culinary arts due to the influence of globalization and social media trends. The methods used included literature research, field observations, and interviews with relevant sources, such as culinary entrepreneurs and museum officials. The results show that the expository approach is effective in conveying information systematically, factually, and easily understood through the use of voice-over narration as the main direction of the story. Furthermore, the use of an implied first-person perspective creates an emotional connection between the audience and the material presented. This documentary serves not only as an information medium but also as a means of education and preservation of Peranakan Chinese culinary culture. By combining visual elements, narrative, and interviews, this documentary comprehensively presents historical, social, and cultural values. Therefore, this work is expected to raise public awareness of the importance of preserving culinary cultural heritage amidst modern developments.

  This study examines the strategy of writing an expository narrative using a reflective approach in the production of the documentary film "2000 Untuk Parkir: Fenomena Juru Parkir Liar di Jatinangor" Using descriptive qualitative methods through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and data triangulation, this 15-minute film presents a three-act plot that integrates empirical facts (such as a daily income of Rp50,000 from a Rp2,000 per vehicle rate) with the filmmaker's critical reflections on the dynamics of the informal economy and urbanization in educational areas. Results of an effectiveness test on 20 student respondents showed an 85% comprehension rate and a 90% increase in critical awareness, demonstrating the superiority of this hybrid approach in building empathy without excessive subjectivity. The discussion confirms the strategy's contribution to the discourse of Indonesian documentary production, with implications for advocacy for inclusive parking policies.    

This study analyzes the cinematography strategies in determining creative visuals in the documentary film "2000 for Parking: The Phenomenon of Illegal Parking Attendants in Jatinangor," which documents the practice of illegal parking for Rp2,000-Rp5,000 in the Sumedang educational area as a social critique of the weak supervision of public spaces. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with frame-by-frame content analysis based on Joseph V. Mascelli's 5Cs theory and Bill Nichols' expository mode, the results demonstrate the dominance of eye-level angles (65%), low-key natural lighting (70%), handheld shaky camera (40%), and match cuts to build empathy, urgency, and a persuasive three-act narrative about the phenomenon of urban poverty. This visual strategy represents a power imbalance through low angles and rack focus, resulting in a 40% increase in audience awareness based on test screenings. Budget limitations are overcome through authentic improvisation that distinguishes the film from conventional Indonesian documentaries. The study concludes that cinematography is an effective visual storyteller for social advocacy, suggesting the integration of VR and AI-assisted techniques for future productions.

This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach in teaching poetry writing in Indonesian language classes. This method was applied to assess the extent of students' mastery of the material and their response to problem-based learning. Based on the results of the questionnaire distributed, it was found that materials such as procedural texts, expository texts, negotiation texts, poetry, drama, and novels are materials that often use the PBL model. The results show that around 75%–80% of students understand learning with the PBL approach and show active and enthusiastic responses during the learning process. However, the implementation of PBL faces a number of obstacles, including limited time allocation and the level of readiness of students in digesting complex problems. Thus, periodic assessment and adaptation of the learning approach are key to optimising the effectiveness of this method.

The aim of Community Service Activities is to implement one of the Tri Darmas of Higher Education. Apart from that, it is hoped that with community service, the existence of universities can make a major contribution to the development and application of science to society. The methods used in this Community Service are expository, namely conveying material verbally and inquiry, namely learning that emphasizes critical and analytical thinking processes related to financial management skills, namely Strengthening Financial Governance for MSME Funding (Practical and Innovative Approach) in Kp. Ciwindu Village Ciwarna District. Mancak, Serang Regency. The results of community service obtained are increasing knowledge regarding the management of preparing financial reports and funding for MSMEs located at Kp. Ciwindu, Ciwarna Village, Kec. Mancak, Serang Regency, Banten Province. It is hoped that this training for the community will be able to prepare financial reports practically and increase financial literacy in the village environment.

This study was motivated by the fact that teachers' learning strategies are very important for improving student motivation, understanding, and learning effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to identify the learning approaches used by teachers, the challenges faced, and how these approaches were applied to students in the 10th grade Geography class at SMAN 6 Malang. This study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology that collects data through interviews, observations, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through the steps of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research information consisted of geography teachers, 10th grade students, and other related parties. The results showed that expository and inquiry strategies were the most effective learning strategies used by teachers to help students learn. Unresponsive students, negative peer influence, and the habit of sleeping in class are some of the obstacles in the learning process. Students' ability to systematically and coherently organize and convey conclusions demonstrates the impact of applying learning strategies. According to this study, teachers must continue to improve their skills through learning training. Students are also expected to be more focused and active during the teaching and learning process.

The role of technology in revitalizing expository learning strategies in the 21st century. Expository learning strategies are direct teaching methods by teachers with verbal explanations of material, which are effective in conveying factual information but have been criticized for not stimulating critical thinking and not catering to the variety of student learning styles. This study examines how the integration of digital technology and active learning approaches can improve the effectiveness and engagement of students in expository learning. The use of multimedia, digital platforms, and learning management systems (LMS) opens up opportunities for more interactive and collaborative teaching. However, challenges such as unequal access to technology and the management of digital learning must be addressed so that technology can optimally improve the quality of teaching. Curriculum revitalization is also important to align education with industry needs and technological developments, emphasizing the development of practical skills and digital literacy so that graduates are ready to compete in the global job market. This study provides analysis and suggestions for education practitioners to implement more adaptive and effective expository learning strategies in today's digital era.

Health education important role in raising public awareness of health, particularly in adopting a healthy lifestyle. With the advancement of digital technology, online health portals such as alodokter.com have become key sources of health information. To ensure effective message delivery, the sentences in expository texts must be clear, concise, and easily understood, preventing any misinterpretation by the public as the readers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in expository text on a healthy lifestyle published on alodokter.com from January-June 2024 as part of public health education efforts. The effectiveness of sentences is assessed based on several aspects, including structure and grammar, word choice, clarity of information and readability for the general public. This research employes a qualitative descriptive approach and a syntactic approach as its theoretical framework. Data collection techniques involve the observe and note method. Data analysis is conducted using the distributional method (agih technique) to examine syntactic structure and sentence coherence, as well as the referential method (padan technique) to evaluate meaning clarity and reads comprehension. The research process is carried out in three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) presentation of research findings. The research object consists of expository text on online health portals discussing healthy lifestyles. Several articles are selected and analyzed in depth. The data presentation technique in this research uses formal and informal methods. The analysis result reveal the ineffectiveness of several sentences in the expository texts, particularly in terms of their inconsistency with the characteristics of effective sentences, such as unity, coherence, emphasis, and conciseness. The result of this study contribute to a deeper comprehension of the topic being explored. Furthermore, the study is beneficial for the public as a form of health education and awareness.

Health education important role in raising public awareness of health, particularly in adopting a healthy lifestyle. With the advancement of digital technology, online health portals such as alodokter.com have become key sources of health information. To ensure effective message delivery, the sentences in expository texts must be clear, concise, and easily understood, preventing any misinterpretation by the public as the readers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in expository text on a healthy lifestyle published on alodokter.com from January-June 2024 as part of public health education efforts. The effectiveness of sentences is assessed based on several aspects, including structure and grammar, word choice, clarity of information and readability for the general public. This research employes a qualitative descriptive approach and a syntactic approach as its theoretical framework. Data collection techniques involve the observe and note method. Data analysis is conducted using the distributional method (agih technique) to examine syntactic structure and sentence coherence, as well as the referential method (padan technique) to evaluate meaning clarity and reads comprehension. The research process is carried out in three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) presentation of research findings. The research object consists of expository text on online health portals discussing healthy lifestyles. Several articles are selected and analyzed in depth. The data presentation technique in this research uses formal and informal methods. The analysis result reveal the ineffectiveness of several sentences in the expository texts, particularly in terms of their inconsistency with the characteristics of effective sentences, such as unity, coherence, emphasis, and conciseness. The result of this study contribute to a deeper comprehension of the topic being explored. Furthermore, the study is beneficial for the public as a form of health education and awareness.

Expository learning is a teaching strategy that emphasizes direct, systematic, and structured delivery of content from teacher to students. Although it is considered efficient in conveying factual and procedural knowledge, its effectiveness in supporting 21st-century learning demanding active participation and critical thinking is still debated. This study aims to critically examine the effectiveness of expository learning through a literature review of national journals published between 2017 and 2025. The method used is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach and content analysis technique. The findings reveal that expository learning is effective across educational levels for conceptual material, but its weakness lies in limited student engagement. Supporting factors such as teacher competence, instructional media, and student readiness significantly influence its success. This study also finds that expository learning remains relevant when combined with interactive methods such as discussions and projects. Practically, teachers are encouraged to design more adaptive expository learning to maintain its effectiveness in today’s educational context.

The problem of waste dumping on Bali coast must be regarded as an ecological crisis which proves to be unseen under many perspectives. The article is about the making of a documentary film Apocalyptic Tides as an advocacy and educational tool bringing up this issue by means of the expository documentary style with highlights of poetry and performance elements in play. The method of field observation, semi-structured interviews with activist and scholars and visual documentation are also used in the research, followed by analysis and compiling of information with the help of non-linear editing tools by using Adobe Premiere Pro software. The film is set on a thematic narrative that shows the process of the waste as it goes upstream to downstream and how it affects the ecology and thoughts on the ecological consciousness. Techniques of non-linear editing were applied to organize the footage according to emotional echo and the schemes of meaning instead of the chronological order, thus creating an intellectually stimulating and reflective storyline. Apocalyptic Tides proves the power of documentary film to bridge the gap between art, science, and advocacy in case of creating the ecology-minded population.

The documentary film “Thread by Thread: Mengurai Krisis Fast Fashion di Indonesia” is a 14-minute film that explores the environmental and social impacts of the fast fashion industry in Indonesia, along with the low public awareness of this issue. It highlights problems such as textile waste, labor exploitation, and the role of social media in reinforcing consumerist culture. “Thread by Thread” is designed as an educational tool to enhance public literacy and encourage more responsible and sustainable fashion consumption. During its creation, the writer served as the scriptwriter, responsible for crafting a factual and systematic narrative using an expository approach structured into three acts. Act I presents the factual context of fast fashion in Indonesia; Act II discusses its negative environmental impacts and the controversy over thrifting as an alternative solution, supported by data and interviews; and Act III offers sustainability-based solutions with an appeal for audiences to be critical and responsible in their fashion choices.

This final project is a video feature focusing on cabaret as a platform for developing language and artistic expression among its members. The video presents several interviewees as the primary content, offering insights into their experiences. In its creation, the directing process plays a crucial and inseparable role. This video feature applies a directing concept that significantly influences the production process, resulting in a well-structured piece. In general, directing is the process of translating a script into a visual form that aligns with the creative vision. The purpose of this report is to explain the directing concept applied in the making of the video, covering the video feature style, the chosen approach, and the structure of its presentation. The director holds a central role in overseeing all stages of production—pre-production, production, and post-production. The directing style used in this video adopts an expository approach, aiming to convey the story and message through voice-over narration and interviews with key sources. The video feature “Kabaret Bandung: The Art of Speaking, the Language of Creation” successfully implements key directing principles, both in terms of style and approach. The application of these concepts allows the video to be crafted in line with the director's vision and the intended target audience.

This study is motivated by the teacher's learning strategies having a significant impact on student motivation, understanding, and learning outcomes so that students are expected to be able to learn effectively. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) How are the learning strategies used by teachers to improve the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? (2) What are the obstacles for teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? (3) What is the impact on students in the application of teacher strategies in geography subjects for class X at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the learning strategies used by teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. (2) to determine the obstacles for teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. (3) to determine the impact on students in the application of teacher strategies in geography subjects for class X at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Informants in this study include Geography teachers and class X students at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung and all parties involved. The results of the study indicate that the Learning Strategies used by teachers in improving the effectiveness of student learning in Geography Subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung are 2, namely Expository and Inquiry Strategies. The obstacles experienced include: 1) lack of response in the learning process, 2) bad influence from friends, 3) sleeping in class. Impact on students in implementing teacher strategies in Geography subjects for class X The ability to draw conclusions, students are able to present conclusions in a coherent and sequential manner. This study recommends that teachers are expected to be active in participating in training, coaching which is usually held at school or outside school regarding learning strategies. For students, it is hoped that students can focus more on the subject matter taught by the teacher.

The documentary film Breaking Boundaries: Ruang Yang Sama explores the experiences of athletes with disabilities in Bandung Regency as they confront prevailing social stigma. Rather than allowing their physical limitations to hinder them, these athletes turn such conditions into motivation to pursue achievements in sports. This documentary employs a directorial concept that combines expository and observational approaches. The expository method utilizes voice-over narration to present data-based information, while the observational style captures the athletes’ activities naturally, without direct intervention from the filmmaker. The filmmaking process follows three key stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. As the director, the author is responsible for guiding the visual narrative to support the intended message. The documentary applies a three-act narrative structure—introduction, conflict development, and resolution—which contributes to the coherence of the storyline. Through this combination, the film aims to portray the realities faced by disabled athletes and foster greater appreciation for their efforts and accomplishments in sports