Publication Search

Pesatnya kemajuan teknologi digital telah mempercepat adopsi *Internet of Things* (IoT) dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan sehari-hari. IoT memungkinkan perangkat fisik untuk berkomunikasi dan bertukar data melalui konektivitas internet, sehingga proses menjadi lebih otomatis, efisien, dan responsif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan IoT dalam meningkatkan efisiensi kehidupan sehari-hari melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah *Systematic Literature Review* (SLR), yang mengkaji dan menyintesis temuan dari berbagai studi terdahulu mengenai penerapan IoT di berbagai sektor, seperti rumah pintar (*smart home*), layanan kesehatan, transportasi, pertanian, dan pemantauan lingkungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa IoT berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan efisiensi operasional, penghematan energi, perbaikan proses pengambilan keputusan, serta peningkatan kenyamanan pengguna. Terlepas dari berbagai manfaat tersebut, masih terdapat sejumlah tantangan, termasuk keamanan data, masalah privasi, interoperabilitas antarperangkat, biaya implementasi, dan ketergantungan pada infrastruktur internet yang stabil. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa IoT telah menjadi salah satu teknologi kunci yang mendukung transformasi digital dan peningkatan kualitas hidup. Pengembangan di masa mendatang diharapkan berfokus pada penguatan aspek keamanan, perluasan standar interoperabilitas, dan integrasi kecerdasan buatan (*artificial intelligence*) guna memaksimalkan efektivitas penerapan IoT dalam aktivitas sehari-hari.  

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has opened up considerable possibilities for automation systems aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in both home and office settings. This study focuses on the creation and deployment of an IoT-driven Smart Home system utilizing ESP32 for the automatic and manual supervision and regulation of electrical appliances within the Employee Dormitory of the Institute for Lecturer Performance Development (LPKD). The established system employs a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for detecting human presence and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to assess the intensity of light in the room. The data from these sensors is analyzed by the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls lights and fans automatically through relay modules based on the surrounding conditions. Furthermore, the system is linked to the Blynk application and the Telegram Bot API to enable remote operation and immediate notifications. The methodological approach taken in this research is Research and Development (R&D) employing a prototyping method. The assessment outcomes show that the system functions reliably, with success rates for sensor detection and appliance management exceeding 95%. The introduction of this system aims to boost electrical energy efficiency, improve user experience, and facilitate the adoption of IoT-centered smart facility management within the LPKD framework.

Nanas merupakan unggulan kedua yang di ekspor Indonesia setelah buah manggis pada 22 tahun lalu, volume ekspor nanas pada tahun 2004 sebesar 2.431.263 kilogram atau mengalami peningkatan sebesar 6,4 % dari tahun -tahun sebelumnya, permintaan ekspor nanas yang cukup tinggi merupakan pendorong bagi produksi nanas dalam negeri yang mampu bersaing dengan nanas negara lain. Seperti halnya produk pertanian lainnya, karakteristik buah nanas adalah mudah rusak dan pemanfaatannya lebih banyak sebagai makanan penutup mulut karena rasanya yang segar. Potensi penganeka ragaman produk pangan dengan bahan baku sebenarnya cukup banyak namun sampai dengan saat ini masih belum berkembang. Oleh sebab itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan memanfaatkan ektrak buah nanas melalui fermentasi bakteri Acetobacter Xylinum untuk membentuk polisakarida akstraseluler (nata) sebagai hidangan non energi yang biasa kita kenal Nata de pina, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak buah nanas untuk dijadikan hidangan Nata de pina. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nata de pina memiliki nilai pH sebesar 4,7 dan kadar air sebesar 98,08% sudah memenuhi syarat mutu berdasar SNI nata. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap 30 panelis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar panelis menyukai rasa, warna, aroma, dan tekstur Nata de pina yang dihasilkan.

The stock market is a place to buy shares for profit. In Indonesia, energy stocks are highly unpredictable because global commodity prices change constantly. This study examines what affected energy stock returns in 2024, focusing on trading volume, price swings, company profits, and cash flow. Using financial reports and statistical analysis, all these factors were tested together and individually. The results show that combined, all these factors do affect stock returns. However, when looked at one by one, only the company's net profit truly matters to investors. On the other hand, busy trading, daily price swings, and cash flow have no impact at all. In fact, all the factors studied only account for 14% of stock return movements, while the remaining 86% is driven by other outside forces. In conclusion, for those looking to invest in energy stocks, the most important thing to watch is the company's ability to generate net profit, rather than just looking at how busy daily transactions are in the market.

Penerangan Jalan Raya Umum Tenaga Surya / solar cell (PJUTS) adalah alternatif yang digunakan sebagai sumber energi listrik. Cahaya matahari adalah sumber energi yang sangat penting dimana panel surya menerima cahaya matahari dengan kemudian diubah menjadi energi listrik melalui proses photovoltaic. Lampu penerangan di kampung / di area jalan Tubanan Baru Surabaya masih terdapat ruas jalan yang masih kurang pencahayaan / penerangan terutama saat malam hari, oleh karena itu diperlukan rancangan PJUTS. Metode digunakan dengan cara kuantitatif dari sumber yang diperoleh. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui sudut kemiringan stang ornamen, menentukan jenis tiang, perhitungan daya lampu berbasis LED, intensitas cahaya sebesar 353,3 cd, efisien cahaya K=1,401 dan efikasi cahaya 104,65 lm/watt.

Latar Belakang: Kekurangan Energi KRONIS (KEK) pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah gizi yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin. KEK meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan, serta bayi berat lahir rendah. Data di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir menunjukkan masih tingginya jumlah ibu hamil dengan KEK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang tercatat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir, dengan sampel sebanyak 82 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel independen meliputi usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kejadian KEK yang diukur menggunakan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan KEK adalah pola konsumsi. Ibu hamil dengan pola konsumsi yang kurang baik memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami KEK dibandingkan dengan ibu yang memiliki pola konsumsi baik. Simpulan: Penelitian ini adalah kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi, dengan pola konsumsi sebagai faktor dominan. Diperlukan upaya promotif dan preventif melalui edukasi gizi dan pemantauan status gizi secara rutin untuk menurunkan kejadian KEK.

Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) pada kawasan industri konvensional umumnya masih mengandalkan strategi pemeliharaan berbasis interval waktu yang tetap. Pendekatan tersebut berisiko menyebabkan penurunan performa pompa yang tidak teridentifikasi secara dini serta meningkatkan potensi pemborosan energi operasional. Penelitian ini mengembangkan Green Maintenance Framework berbasis machine learning untuk meningkatkan reliabilitas pompa sirkulasi pada sistem Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan dataset telemetri multi-sensor yang mencakup parameter getaran, temperatur, tekanan, debit aliran, dan rotasi per menit (RPM). Proses rekayasa fitur diterapkan melalui pembentukan System Efficiency Index untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas model terhadap indikator degradasi kinerja pompa. Model prediktif dibangun menggunakan algoritma Random Forest Classifier dengan skema pembagian data 80:20 secara stratified. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model menghasilkan tingkat akurasi klasifikasi sebesar 100%, dengan variabel Vibration dan Temperature menjadi parameter yang paling dominan dalam proses prediksi. Analisis operasional memperlihatkan bahwa degradasi pompa menyebabkan penurunan flow rate meskipun nilai rotasi per menit (RPM) mengalami peningkatan, sehingga memicu kenaikan konsumsi energi dan meningkatkan risiko gangguan pada proses biologis Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). Dari aspek ekonomi, kondisi tersebut menyebabkan pemborosan energi sebesar 5.623 kWh atau setara Rp6.271.236, - per bulan untuk setiap unit pompa. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan sistem predictive maintenance berbasis kecerdasan buatan untuk mendukung efisiensi energi serta implementasi green manufacturing di kawasan industri.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun perangkat yang mampu membaca, mengukur, serta mengirimkan data mengenai tegangan, arus, daya, frekuensi, dan energi secara real-time melalui aplikasi Blynk Internet of Things. Perangkat ini memungkinkan data ditampilkan pada smartphone dan layar komputer dari lokasi mana pun, dan direncanakan untuk digunakan di gardu distribusi milik PT PLN (Persero) ULP Darmo Permai. Alat ini berguna sebagai langkah tindakan korektif ketika terjadi ketidakseimbangan beban, mempermudah pengawasan dalam proses penyeimbangan, serta sebagai acuan untuk pemindahan fasa saat diperlukan. Selain itu, alat ini juga berfungsi sebagai langkah preventif untuk menjaga keseimbangan beban gardu dan sebagai referensi jika ada penambahan pelanggan baru. Metode penelitian ini melibatkan penggunaan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai Modbus master untuk mengatur sistem. Mikrokontroler ini menerima data digital melalui RS485 dari Power Meter Toky DS9L/7L yang mengukur tegangan dan arus dari PHB-TR. Data tersebut kemudian dikirimkan ke Cloud Blynk Internet of Things melalui nodemcu ESP32 dengan bantuan modem Wi-Fi router. Data yang diproses meliputi tegangan fasa netral RN, SN, TN (220-230 Volt), tegangan fasa-fasa RS, ST, RT (380-400 Volt), arus maksimal 400 Ampere sesuai spesifikasi sensor arus CT 400/5 A, energi (kWh), daya (Watt) untuk fasa R, S, T, daya total, serta frekuensi 50 Hz. Semua informasi ini ditampilkan pada antarmuka pengguna (UI) di smartphone dan PC.

Korosi pada aluminium dalam lingkungan air laut merupakan permasalahan serius yang dapat menurunkan umur pakai material. Berbagai inhibitor alami telah dikembangkan sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan, tetapi kajian mengenai penggunaan ekstrak labu kuning sebagai inhibitor korosi aluminium dalam media air laut, terutama dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh temperatur, masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi inhibitor ekstrak labu kuning dan temperatur terhadap laju korosi aluminium menggunakan metode weight loss. Variasi konsentrasi inhibitor yang digunakan adalah 0 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, dan 3000 ppm, dengan variasi temperatur 27°C, 35°C, dan 45°C selama waktu perendaman 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi inhibitor secara signifikan menurunkan laju korosi, dengan nilai optimum pada 3000 ppm yang menghasilkan laju korosi sebesar 0,448 mm/year dan efisiensi inhibisi sebesar 74,06%. Sebaliknya, peningkatan temperatur menyebabkan kenaikan laju korosi dan penurunan efisiensi inhibitor. Analisis parameter aktivasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan inhibitor meningkatkan energi aktivasi (Ea) dari 17,075 kJ/mol menjadi 28,432 kJ/mol, yang mengindikasikan bahwa proses korosi menjadi lebih sulit terjadi. Secara keseluruhan, ekstrak labu kuning terbukti efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan yang bekerja melalui mekanisme adsorpsi dan pembentukan lapisan pelindung pada permukaan logam.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan manajemen port I/O pada mikrokontroler ESP32 untuk mendukung sistem monitoring beban trafo secara real-time. Sistem Monitoring ini membaca, mengukur, dan mengirimkan data terkait tegangan, arus, daya, frekuensi, serta energi secara kontinu.  Data tegangan dan arus yang diperoleh dari Power Meter Toky DS9L/7L melalui RS485, diolah dan dikirimkan oleh ESP32 ke server cloud Blynk melalui koneksi internet. Namun yang perlu kita ketahui, modul ESP32 memiliki Port I/O yang sangat terbatas. Data realtime kontinyu tersebut bervariatif berupa fasa netral (RN, SN, TN), tegangan antar fasa (RS, ST, RT), arus dengan maksimal 400 Ampere, energi (kWh), daya per fasa (R, S, T) dan total daya, serta frekuensi 50 Hz. Semua data dari alat ukur tersebut dapat tersambung dengan Port I/O yang terbatas pada penelitian ini.

PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi (BBE) is a coal mining company that utilizes hauling roads as the main infrastructure for material transportation. This study focuses on a 1.7 km road segment selected as the object of technical evaluation. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of road geometry improvements on hauling time efficiency and equipment productivity. The method employed includes direct field measurements and calculations of operational parameters such as travel time, cycle time, and productivity. The results indicate that improvements in road grade reduced travel time from 10.13 minutes to 9.86 minutes. This reduction was followed by a decrease in cycle time from 16.29 minutes to 16.22 minutes. In addition, productivity increased from 65.4 bcm/hour to 66.69 bcm/hour. Also, improvements in curve radius and superelevation were implemented on the hauling road. These improvements resulted in a further decrease in travel time from 9.86 minutes to 8.6 minutes. Consequently, the cycle time also decreased from 16.22 minutes to 16.18 minutes. The productivity of hauling equipment increased from 66.69 bcm/hour to 67.02 bcm/hour. Overall, the evaluation of road geometry provided a positive contribution to operational performance. The productivity of overburden removal increased from 65.4 bcm/hour to 67.02 bcm/hour, representing an improvement of 2.48%.

Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi pada ibu dan janin. Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu dan keluarga mengenai gizi selama kehamilan menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya KEK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada keluarga Tn. “S”, khususnya Ny. “B” dengan masalah KEK di Desa Pemenang Timur, Kecamatan Pemenang, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus deskriptif dengan pendekatan asuhan kebidanan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis, intervensi, implementasi, evaluasi, dan catatan perkembangan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, dan dokumentasi. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa Ny. “B” usia kehamilan 28–29 minggu mengalami KEK dengan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) 21 cm, berat badan 49 kg, serta kurangnya pengetahuan tentang gizi ibu hamil. Intervensi yang diberikan berupa edukasi mengenai KEK, gizi seimbang, konsumsi makanan tambahan, tablet tambah darah, dan istirahat yang cukup. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu dan keluarga serta perbaikan status gizi ibu yang ditandai dengan peningkatan berat badan menjadi 53 kg dan LILA menjadi 24 cm. Asuhan kebidanan komunitas yang diberikan efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keluarga dan membantu perbaikan status gizi ibu hamil dengan KEK.

This research analyzes the interconnection between energy geopolitics and global security through the case study of Venezuela, the country with the world's largest proven oil reserves. The background highlights that energy has become a strategic commodity driving geopolitical tensions in the international system. The objective is to answer three fundamental questions: why energy is critically needed, how the distribution of the world's oil reserves creates strategic inequality, and how the Venezuela case illustrates resource grabbing mechanisms. The method used is qualitative with a single case study approach, employing neorealism and dependency theory as analytical frameworks, with data sourced from official reports of international organizations (OPEC, IEA, IMF, EIA), news media, and academic literature. The findings reveal that the United States' escalating pressure on Venezuela from economic sanctions, maritime blockades, to military threats reflects a systematic pattern of resource imperialism disguised as counter-narcotics efforts. The impact on Venezuela includes GDP contraction of 4 percent, hyperinflation exceeding 530 percent, and 8 million people displaced. The implications underscore that the current global energy order remains dominated by zero-sum logic, requiring reform of international energy governance to be more just and sustainable.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is still a major health problem in Batam City. This study aims to determine the relationship between energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, and sodium intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the Sei Langkai Public Health Center, Batam City. This type of study is observational with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 73 elderly people was selected using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the majority of elderly participants had adequate energy intake (54.8%) and carbohydrate intake (57.5%), while inadequate intake was observed for fat (56.2%), protein (52.1%), and sodium (79.5%). In addition, 54.8% of the participants were found to have hypertension. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between energy intake (p=0.020), carbohydrate intake (p=0.004), fat intake (p=0.009), and protein intake (p=0.015) and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. However, no significant association was found between sodium intake (p=0.300) and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. It can be concluded that energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake were significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension among the elderly, whereas sodium intake was not. The elderly are advised to implement a healthy and balanced dietary intake.

This study is based on the increasingly rapid development of the knowledge-based economy, where human capital is now regarded as one of the important assets in creating a company’s competitive advantage, especially in the energy and oil and gas sectors in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of human capital and labor intensity on corporate financial performance, which is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) during the 2021–2024 period. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The research data were obtained from sample companies selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study show that human capital, proxied by Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), has a positive and significant effect on corporate financial performance. These findings indicate that good human resource management is capable of increasing the company’s profitability level. On the other hand, labor intensity is proven to have a negative and significant effect on financial performance. This indicates that a high level of company dependence on labor, without being balanced by operational efficiency, can reduce the company’s ability to generate profits. In addition, simultaneously both variables are able to explain 74.5% of the variation in Return on Assets (ROA), so it can be concluded that human capital and labor intensity have a considerable contribution to corporate financial performance. Based on these results, companies need to prioritize improving the quality and competence of the workforce rather than merely focusing on increasing the number of employees. This step is important to maintain the stability of corporate financial performance in the post-pandemic era. In addition, companies also need to effectively control labor costs so that a decline in net profit margins can be avoided.

This study aims to determine the effect of ESG Disclosure, Environmental Performance, and Environmental Costs on the Negative Net Profit Margin (NPM) of Energy Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2022-2024 Period. The data used in this study consists of secondary data obtained from annual reports and company sustainability reports. The analysis tool used is SPSS 31 software to view the results partially and simultaneously. The results show that ESG Disclosure does not affect Net Profit Margin (NPM). Likewise, environmental performance does not show a effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). Meanwhile, environmental costs show an negative effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). Simultaneously, ESG disclosure, environmental performance, and environmental costs have a negative effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). The results show that when environmental costs are high, the Net Profit Margin (NPM) value decreases, and vice versa. Meanwhile, ESG disclosure and environmental performance do not have a significant impact on Net Profit Margin (NPM). This research contributes to company management and stakeholders in understanding the impact of environmental costs on profitability as reflected in the Net Profit Margin (NPM) return on assets ratio and provides insight in decision making.

This activity aims to provide children at the Al-Riyadhoh Tenggumung Wetan Surabaya Islamic Boarding School (TPQ) on how to manage their time and energy during Ramadan to ensure a balance between learning and worship. The method used was descriptive with a qualitative approach and an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the activity showed that the webinar and mentoring provided were able to increase the children's understanding and enthusiasm in managing their time between learning, worship, and rest during Ramadan. This activity also had a positive impact on increasing children's motivation to learn and discipline in carrying out daily activities. Therefore, good time and energy management is crucial to help children carry out learning and worship activities more effectively during Ramadan. In addition, this activity encourages the formation of positive habits, personal responsibility, and children's awareness to use their time productively and beneficially every day.

The oil and gas industry requires efficient initial processing to separate reservoir fluids into oil, gas, and water phases. The Separator Unit is the main facility that plays a vital role in the surface facility production stage. This study aims to evaluate the type of separator used, identify control components, and understand the working principles and operational procedures of separators in the Main Production Facility (MPF) area. The methodology used is direct observation and literature studies during the implementation of practical work in July 2024 at PT. Citic Seram Energy Limited, Seram Non Bula Block, Maluku. The observation results show that the type of separator used is a Horizontal Three Phase Separator with tag codes 03-V-001A and 03-V-001B operating alternately. The separation process is carried out based on differences in fluid density utilizing gravity, supported by internal components such as deflector plates, mist extractors, weirs, and straightening vanes. Separator operation is maintained at an operating pressure of around 55 psig to ensure optimal separation efficiency and work safety. The conclusion of this study indicates that effective separator operation requires stable pressure and temperature control as well as routine maintenance to prevent sediment buildup and maintain product quality.

This study examines the impact of carbon emission disclosure, eco-efficiency, and green innovation on firm value among energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022-2024. Using purposive sampling, 26 companies were selected based on specific criteria, resulting in 78 observations over the three-year period. The research employs panel data regression analysis with fixed effect model, using Tobin's Q as the proxy for firm value. Carbon emission disclosure is measured using the CDP framework with 18 disclosure items, eco-efficiency is assessed through ISO 14001 certification ownership, and green innovation is evaluated using four indicators based on the OECD framework. The results reveal that green innovation has a significant positive effect on firm value, indicating that Indonesian capital market investors place premium valuations on companies investing in environmental innovation. However, carbon emission and eco-efficiency show no significant impact on firm value. These findings suggest that while sustainability disclosure remains voluntary in Indonesia and lacks standardized frameworks, market participants are more responsive to tangible innovations that demonstrate competitive advantages and regulatory risk mitigation. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence firm value, confirming the relevance of comprehensive sustainability practices in value creation.

This study aims to analyze the development of studies on the use of biomass as a renewable energy source to support national energy security using a bibliometric approach. Research data were obtained from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases with a publication range of 2015-2025. The analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. The results show a significant increase in publication trends in the last decade, especially in the period 2016-2024, reflecting the increasing academic attention to biomass as a solution in the energy transition. Keyword visualization shows that biomass is closely related to concepts such as combustion, thermal efficiency, calorific value, and pelletizing. China is the country with the highest publication contribution, while Indonesia is strategically positioned due to its abundant biomass waste potential. Overall, biomass has great potential to support energy diversification, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and strengthen national energy security in a sustainable manner.