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The risk of accidents in the school environment is quite high, but the ability of the School Health Business Team (UKS) to handle emergencies is often still limited to theoretical knowledge without adequate practical skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Role Playing and Emergency Simulation (RANGGA) method on the improvement of the knowledge and skills of the UKS Team in junior high school. This study used a quasi-experiment design with a pre-post test with control group design. The research sample amounted to 60 respondents which were taken by purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given RANGGA training, while the control group was given conventional education. The data were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test because the data distribution was abnormal. In the intervention group, there was an increase in the average knowledge score from 88.7 to 97.9 and the skill score from 87.99 to 97.98. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of p<0.001 for both variables in the intervention group, indicating a very strong influence of the RANGGA method. In contrast, although the control group experienced an improvement, the variation in scores remained higher and the improvement was not as significant as the intervention group. The RANGGA method is significantly effective in improving the emergency competence of the UKS Team through an experiential learning approach. It is recommended for school institutions to integrate simulation and role play methods in the UKS training curriculum to ensure optimal emergency response readiness.

This study analyzes the strategic role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing Indochinese refugees namely from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos on Galang Island during the period 1979–1996. The “boat people” crisis at that time required a multisectoral response that was not only emergency-based but also sustainable, linking Indonesia’s transit policies with applicable international protection standards. Using a literature review method of international journal articles and program technical documents, this study finds that NGOs performed crucial functions beyond mere logistical assistance, particularly through structured educational planning such as the Overseas Refugee Training Program (ORTP). Recent literature indicates that NGO consortia such as SCF and EIL, along with faith-based organizations such as JRS, YCK, and ICMC, played a significant role in fostering refugee self-reliance through cultural orientation curricula and work simulation programs (Work Orientation). Despite various structural challenges and resource limitations, the experience on Galang Island demonstrates the effectiveness of partnerships between NGOs and the government in supporting adaptive and sustainable regional humanitarian diplomacy.

This community service activity aims to improve the First Aid Awareness of students at SMAN 5 Tegal through health education and first aid simulation for accident management. The background of this program is based on the high potential for mild to moderate emergency incidents in the school environment, such as fainting, open wounds, nosebleeds, choking, and seizures, as well as the limited knowledge and practical skills of students in providing appropriate initial assistance. The implementation method consisted of three stages: preparation, delivery of health education using presentations and demonstrations, and hands-on simulation, followed by evaluation through knowledge assessment and skills observation. The participants were 54 students representing three grade levels. The expected outcomes of this activity include an improvement in students’ conceptual understanding and practical ability to perform first aid quickly, correctly, and safely before professional medical help arrives. In addition, this program is expected to foster emergency responsiveness, increase students’ confidence in handling accident situations at school, and contribute to the development of a safer and more prepared school environment. The outputs of this activity include increased knowledge and skill scores, documented implementation, and publication of a community service article in a SINTA-indexed journal.

Aceh Tamiang Regency is one of the regions in Aceh Province that is highly vulnerable to annual flooding due to river overflow and high rainfall intensity. Flood disasters often cause significant material and non-material losses, which are exacerbated by the limited public understanding of flood mitigation, early warning signs, and appropriate self-rescue procedures. This community service activity aims to increase public awareness, knowledge, and preparedness in facing flood threats through disaster mitigation socialization programs. The method applied in this activity includes participatory socialization, interactive discussions, and simulations of emergency response actions involving local communities, village officials, and volunteers. The program emphasizes recognizing early signs of flooding, understanding emergency evacuation routes, and improving coordination during disaster response. The results indicate a significant improvement in community knowledge regarding flood risks, early warning indicators, and emergency measures that should be taken before and during flooding events. Furthermore, the activity successfully strengthened coordination between village authorities and local volunteers in managing emergency response posts and distributing aid effectively. Through this socialization program, the community of Aceh Tamiang is expected to develop greater disaster resilience and preparedness. Increased awareness and coordinated response mechanisms are anticipated to minimize the adverse impacts of future flooding events, thereby reducing potential losses and enhancing community safety.

Reliable and sustainable lighting is crucial for supporting practical activities in a military educational environment, particularly in the Engineering Laboratory Workshop (Labtek) of the Naval Academy. The main problem faced is complete dependence on electricity supply from PLN, which is prone to disruptions and outages, thus impacting the safety and effectiveness of technical activities. Therefore, this research aims to design a solar-powered emergency lighting system as an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative lighting solution. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with a case study approach at the Naval Technology Laboratory (Labtek) of the Naval Academy (AAL). The stages include power requirement analysis, direct observation of building and lighting conditions, selection of solar energy system components, and calculation of solar panel and battery capacity. Based on the analysis results, the total emergency power requirement of 1.96 kW can be met using 100 Wp monocrystalline solar panels and 12V 100Ah batteries for energy storage.The system design consists of solar panels, a solar charge controller, batteries, and LED lights that automatically turn on when the power goes out. Simulation results show that the system is capable of providing emergency lighting for 6–10 hours, depending on sunlight intensity and battery capacity. The implementation of this system not only improves the reliability of Labtek facilities but also supports nat ional clean energy policies and long-term operational cost efficiency.

Oil spills in port waters are one of the serious threats to the marine environment and port operations. This study aims to simulate the level of preparedness of oil spill response equipment available at the Oil Base Jetty of PT Pertamina Port Panjang Lampung. Simulations were conducted based on three scenarios, namely a medium-scale spill at Jetty 1 (10,000 liters), a large spill at Jetty 2 (50,000 liters), and a combined maximum spill (60,000 liters). Evaluation was conducted on three main types of equipment: oil boom, skimmer, and dispersant, by considering their effectiveness and adequacy based on the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. PM 58 Year 2013 and guidelines from the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The simulation results show that the oil boom has high effectiveness in all scenarios, demonstrating maximum readiness in the initial containment of the spill. However, the effectiveness of skimmer and dispersant is still low, especially in large-scale scenarios, so they are not able to handle the spill volume optimally. From these results, it can be concluded that although the containment aspect is adequate, there is still a need for improvement in spill recovery facilities, both in terms of the number of units and equipment capacity. This research is expected to be a reference in planning the strengthening of the oil spill emergency response system in the port area.

Efficient management of patient queues is essential in healthcare systems to ensure timely care, optimize resource utilization, and enhance patient satisfaction. Mathematical programming, particularly when applied in conjunction with queuing theory and optimization models, provides a rigorous framework for analyzing and improving healthcare service delivery. This approach involves modeling arrivals and service processes, applying queuing models (such as single-server, multi-server, and priority queues), and formulating optimization objectives—often to minimize total costs, patient waiting times, or resource idling. Recent research demonstrates that combining queuing theory with mixed-integer programming and simulation techniques enables healthcare managers to allocate resources dynamically, set staffing levels, and assign priorities among different patient categories. For example, the use of mixed-integer programming can determine the optimal number of servers, beds, and service rates based on patient flow and priority needs, striking a balance between reducing waiting times for critical cases and controlling operational costs. These mathematical models also account for practical constraints and stochastic variability inherent in clinical settings. Applications span emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and even pharmacy and blood service centers—showing significant improvements in system efficiency, reduced patient wait times, and enhanced overall care quality. Thus, mathematical programming is a powerful decision-support tool for queue management, offering evidence-based strategies to address congestion and resource allocation challenges in complex healthcare environments.

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups during disasters due to their limited physical and psychological resilience. Therefore, providing disaster mitigation education to children is essential to enhance their awareness, preparedness, and response capabilities in the face of potential disasters. This community service activity aims to increase children's understanding of disaster mitigation through both theoretical education and participatory simulations that reflect real-life scenarios. The activities were carried out using a cooperative-participatory approach in collaboration with the local Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Tanah Karo and members of the surrounding community. The stages of implementation included conducting a site survey, securing necessary permits, determining the time and location, coordinating with local stakeholders, and executing the service program. The educational activities covered disaster phases, including pre-disaster, during disaster, and post-disaster, with a focus on practical and age-appropriate learning strategies. The educational team involved an interprofessional group of facilitators who delivered the material through socialization and counseling sessions. The sessions were enthusiastically received by the children, indicating a high level of engagement and interest. However, findings revealed that children's knowledge of disaster mitigation was still minimal, emergency response plans were underdeveloped, and community involvement in disaster preparedness training remained low. This highlights the need for continuous and sustainable disaster education efforts, especially for children and communities in disaster-prone areas. By fostering early awareness and preparedness through ongoing education and simulation-based activities, it is expected that children will be better equipped to respond effectively and safely during disaster situations. Long-term, this approach also aims to build a more resilient and disaster-aware community.

This community service program aimed to enhance the safety compliance and service quality of gas station (SPBU) operators in Semarang through a structured refresher training initiative. The training was conducted over eight days and involved 120 participants from eight different SPBU locations. The program adopted a comprehensive approach by combining theoretical sessions, practical simulations, and role-playing exercises tailored to address real-world scenarios faced by SPBU personnel. Key training components included emergency response protocols, customer service excellence, complaint management, and adherence to safety procedures. The outcomes of the program showed measurable improvements. Post-training evaluations revealed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge and understanding of operational safety and service standards. Additionally, a notable reduction in emergency response times was observed during simulated drills. Feedback collected from the participants indicated enhanced confidence in handling routine operations, responding to customer complaints, and executing emergency procedures. This reflects the program’s success in not only increasing technical competence but also in boosting the professional demeanor of SPBU staff. Despite its success, the program encountered challenges, particularly in aligning the training schedule with participants’ daily work commitments, which occasionally hindered full attendance. To ensure long-term impact and continuity, the program recommends implementing annual refresher training sessions in collaboration with local safety and regulatory authorities. This would foster a culture of continuous improvement and compliance among SPBU operators, ultimately contributing to safer and more efficient fuel service operations in the region. Overall, the initiative highlights the critical role of ongoing professional development in enhancing service delivery and maintaining high safety standards in the fuel retail sector.

This systematic literature review examines queue system simulation in hospitals across four key service areas: emergency departments, outpatient clinics, laboratories, and pharmacies. Following PRISMA methodology, 72 relevant studies (2015-2020) were analyzed to identify simulation models, software tools, performance parameters, and emerging trends. Findings reveal Discrete-Event Simulation dominance (59.7%), with increasing hybrid model adoption integrating System Dynamics and Agent-Based approaches. Emergency departments remain the primary application focus (52.8%), while Arena and AnyLogic emerged as predominant simulation platforms. Patient waiting time (91.7%) and resource utilization (77.8%) constitute the most evaluated performance metrics. Technological convergence trends demonstrate integration of real-time data analytics, machine learning, and digital twin concepts into traditional simulation frameworks. This review contributes methodological insights for optimizing hospital queueing systems while identifying research gaps in cross-departmental model interoperability and comprehensive value-based performance evaluation within contemporary healthcare systems.  

Obstetric emergencies are a major cause of maternal mortality, most of which can be prevented through prompt and appropriate treatment. Midwives, as health workers assigned to the Emergency Department (ED) of PONEK, play a strategic role in early detection and initial management of obstetric emergencies, thus their knowledge level is an important factor in determining preparedness for treatment. This study aims to analyze the relationship between midwives' knowledge level regarding obstetric emergency management and their preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies in the Emergency Department (ED) of PONEK of Muara Teweh Regional Hospital. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 28 midwives selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure their knowledge level and preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies. Data analysis was performed descriptively and inferentially using the Fisher's Exact Test. The results showed that more than half of the midwives had a good level of knowledge and preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies. Inferential analysis showed a highly significant relationship between midwives' knowledge level and their preparedness for obstetric emergencies (p < 0.001). It was concluded that midwives' knowledge level was closely related to their preparedness for obstetric emergencies in the PONEK Emergency Department of Muara Teweh Regional Hospital. This finding underscores the importance of strengthening midwives' knowledge through ongoing training, clinical simulations, and routine supervision to improve clinical preparedness and ensure the safety of mothers and babies in emergency obstetric care.

 Central Java was recorded as the area with the highest fire rate in the period from January 1 to July 24 2023, with 637 cases recorded. In 2018, a fire hit Agustinus Junior High School, at Semarang City. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of implementing a fire disaster preparedness simulation in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of Agustinus Middle School residents regarding fire disasters. The research design used was a quasi experiment with a quantitative approach. This research used a one group pretest-posttest design. In this research design, the entire population is used as research respondents. The pretest was given before the fire disaster simulation activity began and the posttest was given after all respondents carried out the fire disaster simulation activity. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed with wilcoxon test. The results of the research show that there is an effect of implementing a fire disaster preparedness simulation on the knowledge and attitudes of Agustinius Junior High School residents with a wilcoxon p value of 0.000 and there is an increase in the knowledge of the school community by 24.3% and the attitude of the school community by 34% compared to before the simulation. This research suggests that schools should hold regular disaster preparedness simulations at least once a year and collaborate with related professional institutions to increase the capability and effectiveness of school emergency response teams in handling emergency situations.

Maritime safety is a critical aspect of military ship operations, where mastery of Ship Salvage Equipment (PEK) becomes a fundamental competency for cadets of the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL). This research aims to identify and analyze the benefits of knowledge of Ship Salvage Equipment (PEK) for AAL cadets in the context of professional competence development, operational readiness, and leadership character formation. Using a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, this study involved 312 AAL cadet respondents from three batches (2022-2024) selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, participant observations, and focus group discussions. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data, as well as thematic analysis for qualitative data. The research results show that AAL cadets have a good level of PEK knowledge (score 78.6/100), high self-efficacy (3.68/5), and good operational readiness (3.72/5). As many as 85.6% of cadets acknowledge the very high benefits of PEK learning. The five main themes of benefits identified include: the development of operational technical competencies (37.2%), the enhancement of leadership abilities in critical situations (24.8%), the formation of mental resilience (18.9%), the development of quick decision-making skills (11.4%), and the improvement of a sense of responsibility for safety (7.7%). Cadets with good PEK knowledge demonstrate superior performance with a response speed 32 seconds faster, an error rate 23.4% lower, and an emergency communication score 18.2% higher. Factors influencing the effectiveness of PEK learning include the quality of instructors and teaching methods (β = 0.34), the frequency and variety of emergency simulations (β = 0.28), which together can explain 74.8% of the variance in learning effectiveness. This study provides recommendations for intensifying practical training, improving instructor quality, standardizing the curriculum to integrate technical and leadership aspects, and conducting continuous evaluations of the PEK learning program.

Earthquakes are one of the most common and potentially devastating natural disasters, especially in countries located along fault lines. Indonesia, which is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, often experiences earthquakes. Simulations can improve children's disaster preparedness, provide self-confidence, and foster a sense of responsibility. Community service activities were carried out at MTsN Sumba Timur on September 7, 2024 starting at 08.00 -10.00 WITA. The name of the community empowerment program is Earthquake Disaster Preparedness Education and Simulation for MTsN Sumba Timur Students as a form of community service in the East Sumba NTT region, by providing education and understanding of the dangers of earthquakes and how to prevent accidents due to earthquakes, as well as providing simulations to maximize participants' knowledge. The first stage is a pre-test on disaster mitigation. This aims to determine students' initial understanding of earthquake disaster mitigation. There are eight Guttman scale questions containing "yes" and "no" answer choices with one correct answer. Next is the presentation of material on earthquake disaster mitigation supported by the use of power points and animated videos. The material provided is in the form of a disaster preparedness plan that includes an introduction to the types of earthquakes, the impact of earthquakes, what happens when an earthquake occurs, and the stages of efforts to increase preparedness before an earthquake occurs, when an earthquake occurs. and after an earthquake occurs. Community service activities through Earthquake Disaster Preparedness Education and Simulation for MTsN Sumba Timur Students were carried out well and effectively. The suggestions that can be conveyed are 1. Activities like this should be carried out periodically in different locations but are prone to disasters so that Disaster Preparedness efforts can be felt by the community fairly and evenly. 2. Partnerships with other sciences and sectors so that Disaster Preparedness efforts can be evenly distributed in all aspects of community life towards optimal public health.

Indonesia is a country that faces a high risk of multiple disasters, one of which is fire disasters that can be prevented by the community through preparedness and early detection. The community service program, implemented by a team of lecturers and students from the Disaster Management Study Program at Budi Luhur University in collaboration with the Tanjungpinang SAR Office, conducted a basic fire extinguishing training session at SMAN 2 Tanjungpinang. The target audience for this training was students involved in the Scout, Paskibraka, and PKS (School Security Patrol) extracurricular activities, aimed at increasing student preparedness for fire emergencies. The activities included both theoretical materials and practical exercises on extinguishing fires and techniques for victim evacuation. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' knowledge, particularly regarding the basic concepts of fire and victim movement, with understanding levels ranging from 45% to 100%, depending on the material. Although the results were positive, areas such as the type of fire extinguisher material and victim transfer techniques require further emphasis. This collaboration between educational institutions and disaster response agencies has proven effective in building student awareness to deal with emergency situations. Recommendations for future training include adopting a more interactive approach and incorporating intensive simulations to enhance students' understanding and readiness to face disaster.

Poisoning by chemicals is a major public health issue that is frequently disregarded. Many people are yearly exposed to hazardous materials at home, at work, and when participating in outdoor activities. This exposure can happen by ingesting, skin contact, or inhalation. It can have a range of health effects, from minor ailments to serious illnesses.  This community service project aims to implement a first aid education plan for chemical poisoning in schools using simulation techniques.  The implementation method in this activity is a simulation, participants are taught practically how to handle poisoning situations, including recognizing symptoms, taking initial action, and knowing when to contact emergency services with a total of 25 partners from SMK Y Kediri Regency. The post-test findings indicated that participants' knowledge of chemical poisoning first aid had significantly increased. Most participants demonstrated a higher level of mastery of the necessary concepts and activities by answering nearly all questions correctly. Students that participate in this program get practical skills in addition to information. It is anticipated that this will lessen the possibility and effects of chemical poisoning while also enhancing community preparedness for emergencies.

This research aims to identify and examine the emergency preparedness of nurses in hospitals in dealing with disasters through the literature review method. Hospitals have an important role in disaster preparedness and management, because they must be able to provide a quick and effective response to emergency situations caused by disasters. Data were collected from articles and national journals published in the last 10 years, using related keywords such as "nurse preparedness", "emergency", "disaster management in hospitals", and "disaster training for nurses". Analysis was carried out on 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The research results show that nurses' knowledge of disaster management is still inadequate, even though many have basic knowledge of emergency protocols. Practical skills obtained through training and disaster simulations have a big influence on nurses' preparedness, but opportunities to take part in this training are not evenly distributed. Nurses' perceptions regarding hospital preparedness and themselves show that many feel that hospitals are not fully prepared to face major disasters. Hospital management support and access to relevant information are also important factors influencing nurse preparedness. Recommendations from this research include increasing routine disaster training and simulation programs, developing formal education curricula on disaster management, increasing hospital management support, utilizing information technology for quick access to disaster information, as well as monitoring and evaluating preparedness on a regular basis. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that nurses' preparedness in facing disasters can be improved, so that they are able to provide a fast and effective response in emergency situations, as well as improve patient safety.

Fires in residential areas usually occur in densely populated areas. Rawa Buaya Village is a sub-district in West Jakarta City which has a fairly high population density and there is also a densely populated settlement located at RT.016/RW.04 with 445 families. This settlement experienced fire disasters five times in 2008, 2009, 2015, and twice in 2022. The aim of the research is to describe community preparedness to reduce the risk of fire as well as factors that support and inhibit community preparedness. This research uses descriptive methods through a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that 40% of the community knows that the cause of fires is due to human negligence, 81% have the desire to prevent fires, 76% have an agreement between the Head of the RT and the community, 74% have determined the evacuation location for victims, 67% do not know the evacuation route board, 91% have the desire to to help their relatives, 62% only knew that a fire simulation had been carried out once, 74% had no early warning system, and 60% had not prepared an emergency fund. So it was concluded that the community was sufficiently prepared to face fires by knowing the causes and things to prevent fires, having an agreement to prepare evacuation locations, helping relatives and participating in disaster simulations, but the vulnerability of the living environment was a factor that triggered fires.  

Disaster management is a series of activities carried out in the context of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery efforts related to disasters. Disaster management is carried out with the aim of reducing losses and risks that may occur and speeding up the post-disaster recovery process. The implementation of disaster management is very necessary for the people of Cibenda Village because the village is located in a disaster-prone area. The target of this activity is the people of Cibenda Village and its surroundings. The methods used are interactive lectures, discussions and simulations as appropriate methods to provide understanding to the public. Meanwhile, location surveys are carried out to find out evacuation routes that can be used by the community when a disaster occurs. The output of this community service activity is a module for socializing the application of disaster management, scientific articles, as well as planning evacuation routes and handing over disaster evacuation tools.    

Disasters contain three basic aspects, namely: the occurrence of a threatening and destructive event or disturbance, the event or disturbance threatens the life, livelihood, and function of the community, and the threat results in victims and exceeds the community's ability to cope with their resources. Community Service Activities (PKM) Socialization of Disaster Preparedness and Simulation of Basic Life Support (BHD) in the Community in Ngkeran Village, Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, was held on February 7-8 2024 with a total of 45 participants. socialization was provided by the community service team regarding checking response and emergency medical services, checking pulse, carrying out early CPR, and early defibrillation with AED. The extension participants seemed enthusiastic about the materials presented by the resource persons and were able to be actively involved, so this extension activity took place in a two-way system and many participants asked questions. The presentation of the extension material was followed by discussion, ice-breaking, and distribution of door prizes to participants who were active during the discussion activities.