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Family communication plays a crucial role in shaping the character and behavior of adolescents, especially in facing social challenges such as online gambling. This study aims to determine how parental communication patterns influence adolescents' involvement in online gambling activities in Lalang Village, Rana Mese District, East Manggarai Regency. Furthermore, this study also identifies various efforts made by parents to address this problem. The method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate four family communication patterns implemented by parents: pluralistic, consensual, protective, and laissez-faire. The pluralistic pattern is characterized by open communication and equal discussion, which encourages children to avoid online gambling. The consensual pattern combines warm communication with an emphasis on shared values. Conversely, the protective pattern tends to be dominant, where parents supervise without providing space for dialogue, resulting in children becoming withdrawn. The laissez-faire pattern, with minimal communication, makes children feel free to engage in gambling. This study uses the symbolic interaction theory, namely mind, self, and society. In addition to communication patterns, this study also found that parents undertake various efforts, such as limiting digital device use, providing advice, and increasing supervision of their children's social environment. These efforts demonstrate that their effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of communication within the family.

Overcapacity in Correctional Institutions is a structural problem that is still a serious challenge in the correctional system in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by the number of inmates that far exceeds the ideal capacity, resulting in a decrease in the quality of coaching, health services, and security. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause overcapacity in prisons and the impact they have on the effectiveness of the correctional system. The method used is a normative juridical approach supported by empirical data from relevant agency reports. The results of the study show that the main factors causing overcapacity include the high crime rate, criminal policies that are still oriented towards prison sentences, and limited correctional facilities and infrastructure. The impact of overcapacity is very felt in the implementation of inmate development. Crowded housing conditions also increase conflicts between inmates, the spread of infectious diseases, and violations of basic rights. In addition, the limited number of correctional officers causes supervision to not run optimally and has the potential to trigger deviant practices in prisons. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate penal policies through the optimization of non-prison penal alternatives, institutional capacity building, and strengthening rehabilitation and social reintegration programs to realize a more humane and just correctional system.

The development of financial technology has led to the emergence of cryptocurrency as a decentralized digital instrument that enables fast and cross-border financial transactions. While this technology offers efficiency and flexibility in digital financial activities, it also creates opportunities for misuse in various forms of crime, including terrorist financing. This study aims to analyze the use of cryptocurrency as a means of financing terrorist activities in Indonesia, examine the existing legal framework governing terrorist financing, and identify the challenges faced in law enforcement. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a medium for terrorist financing still fulfills the elements of a criminal offense as regulated under Law Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Terrorism Financing. However, the characteristics of cryptocurrency, such as anonymity, decentralization, and cross-border transactions, create significant challenges in the processes of evidence gathering, transaction tracing, and identification of perpetrators. In addition, there is a regulatory gap between the recognition of crypto assets as economic commodities and the supervision of their potential misuse for terrorist financing. Therefore, stronger regulations are needed to explicitly integrate crypto assets into the terrorist financing prevention regime, along with improving the capacity of law enforcement agencies in blockchain transaction analysis and strengthening international cooperation to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in the digital economy era.

This study analyzes the Public Relations communication strategy of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daerah Operasi 8 Surabaya in socializing the Access by KAI digital application to the Surabaya community. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with PR staff and Railfans Surabaya community members, participatory observation of socialization activities, and documentation of digital publications. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The findings reveal that PR communication strategies are implemented through a synergy of push communication, pull communication, and pass communication, supported by Two-Way Symmetrical Communication principles developed by Grunig and Hunt (1984). Push communication disseminates official information via social media platforms; pull communication attracts audiences through visually compelling and educational content; while pass communication emphasizes two-way engagement that builds public trust and loyalty. The study demonstrates that public engagement, interactive dialogue, and message adaptation to local audience characteristics positively contribute to increasing public understanding and acceptance of the Access by KAI application. The integration of these three strategies creates a holistic communication ecosystem that effectively bridges the gap between digital innovation and user behavior. Future research is recommended to examine similar strategies in other operational regions or employ quantitative approaches to measure adoption levels.

This literature study examines the process of self-regulation in transforming compliance with school rules originating from external pressure into behavioral regularity emerging from personal awareness, and its impact on the effectiveness of student learning outcomes. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis method, this study synthesizes relevant literature to build a theoretical framework on how self-regulation facilitates the internalization of disciplinary values. The findings reveal that self-regulation occurs through a series of interconnected stages including goal setting, strategy planning, self-monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment. The success of this process is determined by internal motivation, appropriate environmental support, positive direct experiences, and healthy emotional management. Strong self-regulation directly impacts learning outcome effectiveness through improved cognitive strategies, strengthened intrinsic motivation, enhanced time and environment management, and developed capacity to constructively cope with failure. Learning outcomes achieved through self-regulation processes are characterized by lasting understanding, knowledge transfer ability, and the formation of lifelong learning dispositions. Schools and teachers play strategic roles in strengthening self-regulation through curriculum design that supports autonomy, formative feedback, role modeling, and collaboration with parents. This study contributes theoretically by positioning self-regulation as the central mechanism bridging external influences and internal disposition formation.

English learning at the elementary school level plays an important role in developing students’ early language competence, particularly in listening skills as the foundation for other language abilities. However, many learning processes still rely on conventional teaching methods that do not fully accommodate the developmental characteristics of young learners, resulting in limited engagement and listening comprehension. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of storytelling in improving English listening skills among elementary school students and to identify effective implementation strategies in classroom learning. This research employs a library research method by reviewing and analyzing various relevant literature sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research findings related to storytelling in English language learning. The analysis shows that storytelling contributes significantly to improving students’ listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, attention, and learning motivation. Through structured narratives, expressive delivery, and the support of visual media, storytelling creates a contextual and meaningful learning environment that helps students understand spoken English more effectively. The findings also indicate that the effectiveness of storytelling is closely related to the developmental characteristics of elementary school students who learn better through concrete, imaginative, and engaging experiences. Furthermore, the implementation of storytelling through systematic stages pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening can enhance students participation and comprehension during the learning process. In conclusion, storytelling can be considered an effective instructional strategy for improving English listening skills among elementary school students while also supporting vocabulary development and creating an engaging learning atmosphere.

The purpose of this writing is to analyze Article 14 of Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption has a delegative character, because its enactment depends on the provisions of other laws that expressly declare a violation as a criminal act of corruption. The construction of these norms in practice gives rise to ambivalence in law enforcement, especially when various acts that are detrimental to state finances occur in strategic sectors that are not explicitly qualified as corruption crimes in sectoral laws. This condition has the potential to create a legal vacuum and hinder the effectiveness of eradicating corruption as an extraordinary crime. This study aims to analyze the practice of implementing Article 14 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption and examine these provisions from the perspective of legal certainty, justice, and criminal law policy. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. Research data was obtained through literature studies on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that the delegative and limiting nature of Article 14 has implications for the low predictability of the law and opens up ambivalence between norms and law enforcement practices. In reality, law enforcement officials often apply the Corruption Crime Law to acts that are normatively outside the scope of Article 14, taking into account the existence of state financial losses and the interests of substantive justice. Therefore, Article 14 needs to be interpreted systemically and progressively and supported by the reformulation of norms and harmonization of laws and regulations to be in line with the dynamics and complexity of modern corruption crimes.

Curriculum reform in Indonesia has repeatedly emphasized flexibility, deep learning, and student-centered instruction. Nevertheless, many reforms have not been translated effectively into classroom practice. Existing studies tend to focus on teacher competence and policy readiness, while the deeper dimension of teacher beliefs remains underexplored. This study aims to unpack how teacher beliefs shape responses to curriculum reform and to identify the belief-related factors that influence the success or failure of curriculum innovation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using pre-Delphi reflective questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion data involving senior secondary school teachers and educational stakeholders. Data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns of belief, challenge, and adaptation. The findings reveal that teacher beliefs constitute the most decisive factor in curriculum implementation. Three major themes emerged: (1) a persistent gap between curriculum policy and classroom practice, (2) the difficulty of transforming teachers’ mindsets from fixed to growth-oriented perspectives, and (3) the construction of an ideal teacher identity characterized by reflection, adaptability, collaboration, and moral commitment. More importantly, teachers viewed curriculum change not merely as a technical demand, but as a moral and spiritual responsibility. Curriculum reform will remain ineffective unless it addresses teachers’ internal beliefs. Sustainable transformation requires professional development that integrates cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of teaching.      

The era of digital disruption has given birth to the phenomenon of post-truth and massive disinformation, which triggers sharp political polarization on social media, thereby threatening democratic stability and social integration in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Islamic political ethics (Siyasah Syar’iyah) and the transformation of Tabayyun values as instruments for mitigating information disorder in the digital public sphere. The rationale for this research is the urgent need for a robust ethical framework to complement technical-secular digital literacy, which has been deemed insufficient in curbing emotional sentiments and religious hoaxes. The research method employed is qualitative with a library research approach, integrating various contemporary scientific references from the last five years (2020-2025). The research findings indicate that Islamic political ethics offers a holistic solution through the reconstruction of transcendental values in cyberspace activities. The main finding (novelty) of this research is the "Cyber Activism Based on Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar" model, which synergizes the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), revelation-based media literacy, and moderate-characterized digital leadership. This model transforms netizens from mere information consumers into agents of "Digital Piety" who actively produce counter-narratives to create a civilized and integrated digital ecosystem.

Public service plays a fundamental role in fulfilling citizens’ rights and needs within modern governance systems. The increasing complexity of social, economic, and technological changes has encouraged the transformation of public administration paradigms. This study aims to analyze the evolution of public service paradigms from Old Public Administration to Network Governance, identify the key characteristics of each paradigm, and explain the shift in values and the role of the state in public service delivery. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining various academic sources related to public administration theories and public service governance. The analysis was conducted through content analysis and comparative analysis to identify conceptual developments and paradigm differences in public administration. The results indicate that public service paradigms have evolved from hierarchical and rule-based governance toward more collaborative and participatory governance models. Old Public Administration emphasizes bureaucratic hierarchy and administrative control, New Public Management focuses on efficiency and performance-based management, while New Public Service highlights citizen participation and democratic values. The most recent paradigm, Network Governance, promotes collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society in addressing complex public issues. These findings suggest that contemporary public administration increasingly adopts a hybrid governance approach that integrates elements of various paradigms to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of public service delivery.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media and its implications for student learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various reputable scientific articles discussing the integration of AI in education and the dynamics of learning motivation in the context of PAI. The results of the study indicate that the use of AI through adaptive learning systems, educational chatbots, gamification, and learning analytics can increase the effectiveness, personalization, and interactivity of learning. This implementation has a positive impact on cognitive motivation through increased conceptual understanding, affective motivation through active participation and emotional engagement, and spiritual motivation through strengthening reflection and internalization of Islamic values. However, ethical challenges, the risk of depersonalization of the teacher's role, and inequality in digital access are crucial issues that require policy attention and human-centered pedagogical design. Theoretically, this study offers an integrative conceptual framework that combines technological innovation with Islamic educational epistemology. Practically, the results of this study provide recommendations for teachers, schools, and policymakers to develop AI-based PAI learning models that are adaptive, ethical, and oriented towards character building.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program through a collaborative governance framework in Kendal Regency using a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design. Quantitative data collected from 34 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis, while qualitative data obtained from five key informants were analyzed thematically. The results reveal very strong and statistically significant correlations (p < 0.001) among cross-sectoral coordination, stakeholder roles, community participation, and accountability–transparency, indicating that collaborative synergy is a decisive factor in successful policy implementation. The Kruskal–Wallis test indicates consensus across professional groups (p> 0.05). However, qualitative findings uncover a paradox of coordination without communication: implementers internalize coordination as a functional operational reality, while beneficiaries experience informational alienation. The resulting collaborative configuration can be characterized as technocratic–instrumentalist—technically effective yet weak in terms of social legitimacy. This study underscores that implementing social policy requires collaborative governance that is not only coordinative but also communicative and deliberative. Policy implications include strengthening dialogic public communication, transforming consultative participation into deliberative engagement, and promoting participatory transparency to foster shared understanding between bureaucratic systems and program beneficiaries.

The phenomenon of moral degradation and the increase in negative activities among children during the crucial hours between dusk and evening have become serious challenges for the community in Ujung Negeri Kahan Village. This community service research aims to evaluate and optimize the role of the "Maghrib Mengaji" program as a preventive instrument to shield children from unhealthy environmental influences and gadget dependency. The method employed in this service is participatory mentoring using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, involving religious leaders, parents, and village officials. Through the restructuring of activities in mosques and prayer rooms, this program focuses not only on Qur'anic literacy but also on the cultivation of noble character (akhlakul karimah). The results indicate a significant transformation in behavior; children who previously engaged in counterproductive outdoor activities are now more focused on positive spiritual and social endeavors. The success of the program is indicated by a decrease in the intensity of nighttime wandering and an increase in learning discipline. The conclusion of this activity confirms that community synergy through structured religious programs is effective in reducing the potential for juvenile delinquency and strengthening the moral resilience of the younger generation at the rural level.

This study examines the role of the Office of Religious Affairs (Kantor Urusan Agama/KUA) of Medan Petisah District in realizing sakinah families within the community. A sakinah family is one of the main goals of marriage in Islam, characterized by tranquility, affection, and harmony based on faith and devotion to Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze the concept of a sakinah family from an Islamic perspective, as well as the role and forms of family development activities carried out by the KUA of Medan Petisah District. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through interviews and documentation involving KUA officials and religious counselors. The findings indicate that the KUA plays an active role through premarital guidance and religious counseling in fostering sakinah families. This study is expected to contribute as an evaluation and provide recommendations to improve the effectiveness of sakinah family development programs.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Jambi Regional Police in enforcing criminal law in the digital era, particularly in addressing online gambling offences, from the perspective of Islamic law. The rapid development of information technology has transformed crime from physical spaces into cyberspace, characterised by anonymity, speed, and transnational reach, thereby requiring adaptive law enforcement strategies. This research adopts a qualitative juridical-empirical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officers at the Jambi Regional Police, analysis of case documents, and examination of relevant legal frameworks, particularly Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). The findings reveal that the Jambi Regional Police have implemented several strategic measures in combating digital crimes, including cyber patrols, digital forensic investigations, seizure of electronic evidence, and inter-agency coordination. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of law enforcement remains constrained by technological limitations, complex digital evidence requirements, the transnational nature of cybercrime, and limited public digital legal awareness. From an Islamic law perspective, police actions against online gambling align with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), property (ḥifẓ al-māl), and intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql). This study concludes that while digital criminal law enforcement by the Jambi Regional Police is fundamentally appropriate, it requires strengthened institutional capacity, integration of Islamic legal values, and adaptive policy reforms to enhance effectiveness and substantive justice.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

Madrasahs play a strategic role in shaping the moral character of young generations amid the challenges of the digital era, particularly Generation Alpha, who grow up in an environment dominated by technology. This community service activity aims to analyze and strengthen the role of Madrasah Baitul Mu’minin in Ngemplak Village in forming the moral character (akhlaq) of Generation Alpha through a Qur’anic empowerment approach. This program employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving madrasah caregivers, teachers (ustadz and ustadzah), students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that Madrasah Baitul Mu’minin plays a significant role in strengthening the moral character of Generation Alpha through Qur’an-based learning that emphasizes understanding and value implementation, consistent religious habituation, and exemplary behavior of educators. The Qur’anic empowerment approach proved effective in internalizing Qur’anic values and fostering moral awareness among students. Furthermore, the madrasah functions as a moral and spiritual development center that helps counterbalance the negative impacts of digital technology. These findings highlight the importance of non-formal madrasahs as adaptive bases for Islamic character education in responding to contemporary challenges.

Financial literacy is a fundamental skill that should be introduced from an early age to shape wise financial behavior. Elementary school students need to understand basic financial concepts to recognize the value of money, distinguish between needs and wants, and develop saving habits. However, many children still lack adequate financial literacy. This activity aims to improve financial literacy among elementary school students through a saving habituation strategy at SD Negeri 040530 Bunuraya, Bunuraya Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The methods used included observation, teacher interviews, financial literacy socialization, and hands-on assistance in saving activities. The strategies implemented involved simple financial education, pocket money management simulations, creating piggy banks, and conducting regular saving programs at school. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of money functions, the importance of saving, and positive changes in financial behavior. Students became more accustomed to setting aside their pocket money and demonstrated more frugal and responsible attitudes. This activity indicates that consistent and structured saving habituation can be an effective strategy for improving children’s financial literacy from an early age.

This study addresses low student engagement and high levels of boredom in entrepreneurship courses that rely heavily on one-way PowerPoint-based lectures. Preliminary observations in-dicated that 80% of students experienced low motivation and difficulty generating innovative business ideas. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of gamification on student learning motivation and business creativity.A quantitative approach was employed using a pre-experimental (One-Group Pretest–Posttest design). The sample consisted of 25 students selected through total sampling. Gamification elements, including: points, badges, and leaderboards, were integrated into the learning process to replace conventional lecture methods.The findings indicate that the implementation of gamification significantly trans-formed student learning behavior and classroom dynamics. Students shifted from passive disengagement, characterized by limited interaction and high distraction levels, to proactive participation. Verbal interactions increased substantially, moving beyond administrative ques-tions toward meaningful business discussions. Students demonstrated heightened engagement and responsiveness during learning activities. The gamified learning environment also fostered a safe space for creative experimentation, enabling students to take entrepreneurial risks without fear of academic or financial failure. Improvements were observed across key di-mensions of business creativity, including fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The study concludes that gamification is an effective pedagogical strategy for enhancing student motivation and business creativity in entrepreneurship education. By transforming learning from a passive knowledge-transfer model into an experiential and interactive process, gami-fication supports the development of an entrepreneurial mindset among digital native students.

This aims to examine and analyze the implementation of the cash transfer assistance policy in efforts to alleviate poverty in Moodu Urban Village, Kota Timur Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. This research employed a qualitative method. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of the policy implementation has not yet been optimal due to several influencing factors: (1) policy standards and target groups have not been fully accurate; (2) available resources, both in terms of the number of implementing personnel and supporting infrastructure, remain very limited; (3) inter-organizational communication and activity reinforcement are less effective; (4) the characteristics of implementing agents reveal that some officers do not yet fully understand the procedures and mechanisms for distributing cash transfer assistance; (5) the economic, social, and political environment of the Moodu community, which is predominantly engaged in the informal sector, presents additional challenges in ensuring program effectiveness; and (6) the attitudes of implementers, in the absence of continuous guidance and periodic supervision, increase the potential for administrative errors and inaccurate distribution.