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Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

Churches and Christian institutions frequently face the challenge of congregations whose understanding of ministry remains confined to the spiritual dimension alone, while the holistic ministry mandate calls for active engagement across social, educational, and economic spheres. This study examines two primary objectives: first, how Christian Religious Education (CRE) shapes congregational understanding of holistic church ministry; and second, how CRE equips congregants with the concrete capacity to serve comprehensively. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at Yayasan Sola Gratia Medan. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven informants comprising foundation leaders, program coordinators, active church members, volunteers, and beneficiaries. Analysis followed a thematic framework encompassing data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that: (1) consistent CRE implementation at Yayasan Sola Gratia has successfully shifted the congregational ministry paradigm from exclusively spiritual to holistically transformative; and (2) congregants who have internalized CRE values demonstrate more structured ministry capacity, stronger theological motivation, and significant cross-dimensional engagement. This research contributes a contextual CRE model relevant for church-based institutions operating in multidimensional urban environments.

This study investigates the performance of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems using a mobile hotspot and IoT sensors for temperature and humidity data transmission. The research is based on the IoT concept, which enables electronic devices to communicate and exchange data through internet networks without direct human intervention. System performance was evaluated using standard Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. The experimental setup utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor, with measurements conducted at various transmission distances through wireless communication media. The objective was to determine the reliability of hotspot connectivity and sensor communication in supporting IoT applications. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved at a distance of 20 meters using a 40-lambda variation. Furthermore, the communication signal between the ESP32 device and the mobile hotspot remained detectable up to a maximum distance of 32 meters. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IoT system for environmental monitoring applications within specific transmission ranges.

Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat to hospital care, particularly when empirical therapy relies on broad-spectrum antibiotics without continuous evaluation of local use and susceptibility patterns. This literature review aimed to synthesize evidence from four Indonesian hospital-based studies regarding antibiotic utilization, rationality assessment, and bacterial resistance profiles. A structured narrative review was conducted using four selected articles provided by the author. Data were extracted for study design, setting, population, antibiotic evaluation method, dominant antibiotic classes, rationality indicators, resistance profile, and stewardship implications. The four studies were descriptive and hospital-based, using retrospective records, concurrent observation, ATC/DDD with DU 90%, qualitative rationality criteria, and antibiogram data. The synthesis showed a consistent concentration of antibiotic use in broad-spectrum groups, especially third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, and macrolides. In a Bandung public hospital, total antibiotic consumption reached 95,719.01 DDD, with penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, macrolides, and sulfonamides included in the DU 90% segment. In intensive care, ceftriaxone was the most frequently used antibiotic and most rationality indicators were appropriate, although clinically significant drug interactions were still identified. In pediatric acute respiratory infection inpatients, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone dominated empirical therapy. Resistance mapping in Denpasar highlighted relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and recommended antibiotics according to susceptibility levels. Overall, the reviewed evidence supports an integrated antimicrobial stewardship model combining ATC/DDD-DU 90% surveillance, qualitative rationality evaluation, antibiogram-based empirical guidance, and periodic feedback to prescribers.

Anemia masih menjadi problematika gizi utama pada remaja putri di Indonesia yang berdampak buruk terhadap performa akademik serta kesehatan reproduksi jangka panjang. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran gizi terkait pencegahan anemia melalui intervensi edukasi sadar gizi di SMAN 1 Sampang. Metode yang diterapkan berbasis pendekatan partisipatif interaktif, meliputi ceramah, pemanfaatan media visual (leaflet dan poster), simulasi penyusunan menu sehat kaya zat besi, serta kuis edukatif. Evaluasi program diukur secara kuantitatif melalui instrumen pre-test dan post-test, serta secara kualitatif melalui observasi keaktifan peserta. Hasil pelaksanaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman yang signifikan mengenai definisi, dampak, dan pencegahan anemia, serta perubahan sikap positif terhadap pola konsumsi seimbang dan kepatuhan sarapan. Kesimpulannya, edukasi gizi yang terstruktur dan interaktif terbukti efektif dalam membangun kesadaran kesehatan remaja, sehingga dapat dijadikan strategi preventif yang berkelanjutan di lingkungan sekolah.

The development of information and communication technology has increased the use of electronic documents in legal and business activities, thereby affecting the evidentiary system in Indonesian civil procedural law. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of electronic evidence and its evidentiary strength in resolving civil cases under Indonesian civil procedural law. The research method used is normative juridical research with statutory and library research approaches. The data were obtained from primary and secondary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that electronic evidence has been legally recognized through Law Number 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Its evidentiary strength has the same legal position as other forms of evidence as long as it fulfills the requirements of authenticity, integrity, and validity of electronic data. Therefore, more detailed regulations regarding authentication standards and examination procedures for electronic evidence are still needed to ensure legal certainty in civil court practices.

Land rights disputes arising from overlapping land certificates remain a complex agrarian law issue frequently encountered in Indonesia. This phenomenon reflects weaknesses in the land administration system, particularly in data collection, land measurement, and certificate issuance. Such disputes create conflicts, legal uncertainty, and reduced public trust in the land registration system. In practice, these disputes are generally resolved through civil litigation procedures in the District Court. This study aims to comprehensively analyze civil procedural law in resolving land rights disputes involving overlapping certificates and to examine the evidentiary strength of land certificates in judicial proceedings. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that dispute resolution begins with the filing of a lawsuit, followed by mediation, court examination, and the evidentiary process as the most crucial stage in determining lawful ownership. Land certificates serve as strong evidence; however, they are not absolute, as they may be challenged if administrative or substantive legal defects are identified. Judges play a central role in assessing certificate validity by considering land history, physical possession, good faith, and compliance with legal procedures. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of dispute resolution still requires improvement through better land administration, enhanced data accuracy, and stronger institutional integration.

Gorontalo Province possesses significant mineral resource potential, particularly gold, silver, and copper, positioning the mining sector as a key driver of regional economic growth. However, a shortage of skilled local labor and the scarcity of vocational educational institutions in the mining field severely hamper human resource development in this sector. This study aims to design a Mining Polytechnic Campus in Gorontalo by applying sustainable architecture principles, encompassing energy efficiency, environmentally friendly materials, sound wastewater management, and user comfort. The research approach involves literature studies, field observations, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and quantitative data analysis regarding resource potential, the number of senior high school students, and educational space requirements. The design results emphasize site arrangement, building mass configuration, utility systems, and interior and exterior spaces that support academic, social, and community activities. The application of sustainable architecture principles is expected to create a campus that not only meets the needs of mining vocational education but also contributes to environmental conservation and sustainable regional development.

This research aims to analyze the implications of the transition in lease accounting standards to PSAK 73 on tax efficiency levels and net income structures within the retail industry, focusing on PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk as case studies. Employing a descriptive quantitative method, this research compares financial statement data from the 2017-2024 period to evaluate shifts before and after the regulation's enforcement. The results reveal that the implementation of PSAK 73 successfully improved corporate tax efficiency, characterized by a decrease in the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) below the statutory corporate tax rate. This was achieved by leveraging temporary differences that resulted in the recognition of deferred tax assets, providing a strategic advantage in the form of tax deferral. On the other hand, the application of this standard caused significant pressure on net profit during the initial transition phase due to the front-loading expense pattern derived from right-of-use asset depreciation and lease liability interest.

This study aims to analyze a comparison of coal stockpile volumes using the DJI Mavic 3 Pro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) method versus the truck count method at PT. Mitra Barito. Data collection was conducted through aerial photography using a UAV at altitudes of 60 meters and 70 meters, as well as Ground Control Point (GCP) measurements using GPS. The aerial imagery data was processed using photogrammetry software to generate orthophotos and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), followed by a geometric accuracy test based on the Geospatial Information Agency Regulation No. 6 of 2018, using the Circular Error 90% (CE90) and Linear Error 90% (LE90) parameters. The research results show that high-quality processing at an altitude of 60 meters yields a CE90 value of 2.1619 meters and an LE90 value of 4.3656 meters, thereby meeting the accuracy standards for RBI maps at a scale of 1:5,000, Class 3 for horizontal accuracy, and a scale of 1:10,000, Class 3 for vertical accuracy. Volume calculations of the stockpile using UAVs yielded a result of 22,750.900 m³, while the truck count method produced a volume of 23,503.300 m³. The volume difference between the two methods was 753.400 m³, with a deviation percentage of 3.2%. Based on the research results, the UAV method is considered capable of providing relatively accurate calculations of coal stockpile volume.

The study highlights the importance of spirituality as a foundational framework for shaping adolescents’ life orientation in the complex digital era, marked by pervasive distractions and fragmented meaning. Ignatian spirituality, emphasizing reflection and lived experience as loci of encounter with God, provides a contextual approach to help adolescents construct deeper existential meaning. The study aims to examine how reflective practices within this framework support students of SMK Katolik St. Mikael Surakarta in internalizing spiritual values and navigating digital challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive case study design, data were collected from 195 reflective writings of twelfth-grade students and reduced to 90 representative samples. The film Hacksaw Ridge was employed as a reflective stimulus to enhance affective and existential engagement. Data analysis was conducted using the four pillars of Jesuit education: Competence, Conscience, Compassion, and Commitment. The findings reveal that all reflections contain at least one element of the 4C framework integrated with Ignatian spirituality. Reflection serves not only as a medium of self-expression but also as a transformative process fostering moral awareness, social sensitivity, and commitment to action. It effectively enables students to process both personal and digital experiences into meaningful learning. The study affirms the strong relevance of integrating spirituality, reflection, and Ignatian pedagogy in contemporary education, contributing to the formation of reflective, value-oriented individuals committed to the common good.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed the ways in which faith is experienced, particularly in the lives of adolescents. From the perspectives of digital religion and mediatization of religion, digital space is no longer merely a medium, but has become a cultural arena that actively shapes religious practices and meanings. The study aims to analyze these dynamics, especially within the context of Generation Alpha, by examining the opportunities and challenges that emerge in the lived experience of faith in the digital age. The findings indicate that digital environments offer creative, participatory, and contextual opportunities for evangelization, enabling young people to engage actively in constructing their religious experiences. However, this dynamic is inherently ambivalent, as it also risks reducing the meaning of faith to symbolic, instant, and less sacramentally grounded experiences, detached from the communal life of the Church. Furthermore, the formation of religious identity in digital spaces tends to be fluid and performative, potentially leading to superficial relationships and fragmented identities. Therefore, technologically mediated religious experience should be understood as a bridge, rather than a substitute, for authentic faith encounters. The Church is thus called to adopt adaptive and reflective pastoral approaches, positioning media as a means of fostering communio without obscuring the essence of faith. An integrative approach through the synergy of Church, family, and educational institutions is essential to balance digital literacy and spiritual depth, ensuring that adolescent faith continues to grow reflectively and remains rooted in real-life experience.

The study aims to analyze the role of digital media as a distracting factor affecting the faith loyalty of Catholic adolescents in their relationship with God amid religious pluralism in Indonesia. The development of digital media has transformed how adolescents understand, express, and live out their faith, while simultaneously presenting both opportunities and ambivalent challenges. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, analyzing various theological, sociological sources, and Church documents. The findings indicate that digital media can serve as a broad and participatory space for expressing faith, but it also has the potential to create distractions in three main dimensions: cognitive, affective, and practical. Cognitively, adolescents experience confusion in understanding faith teachings due to the diversity of information available. Affectively, there is a shift in orientation from a relationship with God toward the pursuit of emotional gratification in digital spaces. Practically, there is a decline in engagement in concrete religious practices. Within the context of religious pluralism, this complexity intensifies and influences the formation of adolescents’ faith identity. This study also finds that digital media does not only have negative impacts but also holds positive potential as a means of deepening faith when used critically and reflectively. Therefore, the role of the Church is essential through contextual, dialogical, and integrative pastoral accompaniment combined with critical digital literacy. Through this approach, adolescents are expected to integrate their digital experiences into a more mature, authentic faith life rooted in a deeper relationship with God.

This study was conducted based on the low level of student activeness and understanding in IPAS learning at the elementary school level. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the role play method in improving students’ activeness and learning outcomes. This study employed a classroom action research approach involving 27 students. The data were collected through observation and evaluation of student learning outcomes. The findings revealed a significant improvement in both student participation and understanding after the implementation of the role play method. Students became more active in asking questions, responding to the teacher, and participating in classroom activities. In terms of learning outcomes, 85.2% of students were able to answer questions correctly and demonstrated good understanding, while the remaining 14.8% also achieved the minimum criteria. These results indicate that learning through direct experience enhances students’ comprehension. The implication of this study suggests that the role play method can be used as an effective alternative teaching strategy to create an interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning environment in elementary education.

This study is motivated by the increasing complexity of global culture, which demands a value system capable of providing direction and meaning in human life. In this context, Islam is viewed as having the potential to serve as a global value system through a cultural concept grounded in revelatory values. This study aims to analyze the concept of culture from an Islamic perspective as a global value system by examining the thought of Ali Ahmad Madkur. The method used is a qualitative approach based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), systematically and critically examining various relevant scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that Islamic culture in Madkur’s thought is built upon two main dimensions: the normative dimension, which is derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the practical dimension as its actualization in social life. Although this approach has strengths in maintaining the integrity of values, it still faces challenges in responding to the complex, dynamic, and hybrid nature of global cultural dynamics. Therefore, a more integrative approach is needed to ensure that Islamic cultural values remain relevant and operational in a global context. This study has implications for strengthening more contextual studies of Islamic culture and developing Islamic education that is adaptive to the changing times.

The field of education, especially Islamic Religious Education (PAI), has seen substantial changes as a result of the advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The existence of digital media and AI offers numerous opportunities to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of education through interactive, flexible, and easily accessible learning resources. The purpose of this article is to analyze how artificial intelligence (AI) and digital media are used in Islamic Religious Education. This includes the idea of AI and digital media, AI-based learning materials, the use of AI in educational activities, ethical considerations of AI use, the effects and difficulties of integrating AI, and the Islamic viewpoint on technological advancement. This study employed a library research method by collecting data from relevant journals, books, and other scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the use of AI and digital media in PAI learning can enhance access to information, personalize learning experiences, improve evaluation effectiveness, and increase student engagement in the learning process. However, the implementation of AI also presents several challenges, such as limited digital literacy among teachers, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, ethical concerns, and the potential decline of direct educational interaction between teachers and students. Therefore, the utilization of AI in Islamic Religious Education should be carried out wisely while maintaining Islamic values, ethics, and the primary goal of Islamic education in shaping students’ character.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood faith education. Today’s children are growing up in an environment familiar with digital media, making it necessary to adopt a catechetical approach that keeps pace with the times. This article aims to examine the use of digital catechesis as a tool for early childhood faith education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, gathering data from books, scientific journals, research articles, Church documents, and other relevant sources. The data is analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods to understand the benefits, challenges, and role of digital catechesis in fostering children’s faith. Research findings indicate that digital catechesis can serve as an effective, engaging, and interactive medium for helping children learn about the teachings of the faith from an early age. The use of animated videos, religious songs, educational images, and learning apps can enhance children’s interest in learning, attention, and understanding of Catholic faith values. Furthermore, digital catechesis also assists the Church, families, and schools in providing faith education that is more contextual and aligned with the world of today’s children. However, the use of digital media still requires the guidance of parents, teachers, and faith mentors so that children receive proper direction and are protected from the negative impacts of technology. Thus, digital catechesis is a relevant tool in the faith education of young children when used wisely and purposefully. The presence of digital media does not replace the role of faith educators but serves as a tool that enriches the process of proclaiming the faith in the modern era.

This study aims to develop a financial saving application to improve the saving habits of students, particularly in Islamic boarding schools, through an adaptive challenge approach. The system integrates a mobile iOS application with a backend service and Large Language Model (LLM) processing via Ollama. Transaction data entered by users is processed by the backend to generate contextual and personalized saving challenges, applying Reinforcement Learning concepts in an adaptive and data-driven manner. The research adopts a descriptive quantitative method using surveys and system testing with 50 respondents. Results indicate that the application functions as designed, with no significant bugs detected. User evaluation shows high satisfaction, with an average score of 4.3 out of 5, covering ease of use, interface design, and increased awareness of saving. The combination of gamification, reward systems, and adaptive personalization successfully motivates users to save regularly. This system demonstrates the potential of integrating AI-driven personalization to strengthen financial literacy and healthy financial habits among students in a fun and interactive way.methods, and a summary of the results. The abstract should end with a comment about the significance of the results or conclusions brief.

The dissemination of personal data through digital media has increased significantly alongside the growing use of Quick Response (QR) Codes for various purposes, such as electronic tickets, certificates, and digital identities. Conventional QR Codes are open and can be easily scanned, copied, or manipulated by unauthorized parties. The personal data referred to in this study includes sensitive information such as full name, identity number (NIK/National ID), date of birth, address, phone number, and email address. This research proposes a layered security system that combines the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm with steganography using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method. The process begins with encrypting personal data using AES, converting the encrypted result into a QR Code, and embedding the QR Code into a digital image using DCT, hiding it in the image’s frequency domain. The digital images used are of fixed size and formats that preserve visual quality. System evaluation is carried out by testing the visual quality of the stego image, the success rate of QR Code extraction, and the integrity of the encrypted data. The results are expected to conceal sensitive information visually while maintaining its confidentiality, with potential applications in electronic ID cards, digital certificates, e-tickets, and other confidential documents.