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This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.

This article explores legal accountability for flood disasters occurring in several regions of Sumatra, which are widely alleged to result from large-scale logging activities. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the Indonesian legal system, with particular emphasis on contract law. This study adopts a literature-based research method by examining statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly publications. The analysis demonstrates that flood events should not be understood solely as natural occurrences, but rather as ecological consequences arising from the failure to fulfill contractual obligations embedded in forest utilization permits. From a contract law perspective, forestry concessions establish binding legal relationships that impose environmental protection duties on permit holders in accordance with the principle of pacta sunt servanda. Logging activities that exceed authorized limits may therefore be classified as contractual default (wanprestasi) and, at the same time, constitute unlawful acts that cause harm to the state and affected communities. Accordingly, this study underscores the necessity of strengthening environmental protection clauses within concession agreements and applying strict liability principles to enhance legal responsibility and prevent recurring environmental harm.

Flooding is one of the most recurrent natural disasters in Central Java Province, particularly during the rainy season. Diverse geographical characteristics, high rainfall intensity, and rapid urban development contribute to the region’s high vulnerability to flood hazards. According to the Central Java Statistics Agency, a total of 414 flood events and 407,784 affected victims were recorded between 2019 and 2021. This study aims to develop a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) capable of mapping the spatial distribution and impact levels of floods across Central Java. The methodology includes collecting flood event data from the Central Java Statistics Agency, processing spatial data such as administrative boundary shapefiles, performing attribute integration between spatial and non-spatial datasets, and creating thematic maps using QGIS. The visualization outputs were exported into an interactive web format using the qgis2web plugin and subsequently integrated into a website developed with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The results show that the GIS system successfully visualizes flood-prone areas, identifies regions with high flood intensity, and enables users to explore detailed information through interactive digital maps. Additional website features—such as historical flood data, statistical summaries, and descriptive impact indicators—enhance the system's usefulness for disaster analysis. This study demonstrates the crucial role of GIS in supporting disaster mitigation, spatial planning, and policy evaluation related to flood management. Future research is recommended to incorporate more recent datasets and additional non-spatial variables such as rainfall intensity and floodwater depth to improve the system’s analytical accuracy and comprehensiveness.

The concept of green business performance has been an interesting topic for research among well-known scholars. Green business has become crucial for advancing sustainability and fostering innovation. Green business performance has become the global requirement due to the recent economic disaster, and green measures have been considered the leading solution for it. This study aims to explore how sustainability intersects with strategic business practices, offering actionable insights for aligning environmental sustainability with economic growth. To find worldwide research trends, bibliometric analysis was performed using R studio and VOSviewer software on 3007 scientific publications from Scopus from 2021 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis uses key words to enable the study of specific details, within the main topics of research, within a domain, and relationships at the micro-level. These methods facilitated an in-depth exploration of the evolution and impact of green business for sustainability. This study bridges existing gaps by providing actionable insights into how green business drive sustainable development, offering value to researchers, policymakers, and business leaders seeking to integrate environmental sustainability with economic growth.

This study aims to analyze the impact of government expenditure development and government budgeting on the social assistance recipients affected by floods. The research approach uses a quantitative method with a total of 50 respondents selected through sampling techniques. Data processing was conducted using SPSS software with various statistical tests, including validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The results show that the development of government expenditure has a significant impact on the condition of the social assistance recipients. Additionally, government budgeting also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of social assistance distribution after the disaster. Simultaneously, both variables have a strong influence on the social assistance recipients, as reflected by the significant F-test value and the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.518. This means that 51.8% of the variation in the condition of social assistance recipients can be explained by the development of government expenditure and government budgeting. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate expenditure and budgeting policies to enhance the effectiveness of social assistance distribution, especially in disaster situations.

This study is motivated by the high frequency and significant impacts of flooding in Indonesia, particularly the recurrent flooding of the Kali Lamong River in Gresik Regency, which causes substantial socio-economic losses each year. Although disaster management is normatively regulated by national policies, its effectiveness depends largely on collaborative governance among multiple actors. This study aims to analyze the practice of collaborative governance in flood mitigation in Gresik Regency using the model of Weber, Lovrich, and Gaffney (2005), which includes vertical, horizontal, and partnership dimensions, and to identify the key challenges that hinder its implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in flood-affected areas along the Kali Lamong River, involving BPBD, DPUTR, sub-district governments, village authorities, and local communities through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that collaboration has been established and functions relatively well, particularly in hierarchical coordination, division of roles among government agencies, strengthening of Destana, KENCANA, and SPAB programs, as well as CSR involvement and community participation all contributing to reduced flood duration. However, the implementation of collaborative governance remains constrained by slow land acquisition and infrastructure development, a predominantly reactive orientation, suboptimal early-warning systems between upstream and downstream areas, and uneven support from the private sector and academia. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative mechanisms and accelerating the resolution of structural barriers are essential to achieve more sustainable flood mitigation efforts in Gresik.

The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) is characterized by high seismic activity due to its proximity to the subduction zone and the presence of active fault systems, particularly the Opak Fault. The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake revealed significant vulnerability in local building structures and highlighted the complex geological conditions governing seismic wave propagation. This study aims to calculate and map the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) distribution in Prambanan District, Klaten Regency—one of the areas closest to the 2006 earthquake source. PGA values were estimated using the McGuire attenuation relationship, based on a moment magnitude of Mw 6.3 and the hypocentral distance to 88 observation points distributed at approximately 900-meter intervals. The resulting PGA map indicates values ranging from 26.7 to 31.7 gal, with a clear spatial trend showing increasing intensity from the northern to the southern parts of the study area. Higher PGA values occur in regions near the Opak Fault and in areas dominated by unconsolidated volcanic deposits of the young Merapi formation. These loose sediments amplify seismic waves, resulting in stronger ground motion compared to areas composed of more compact sedimentary rocks. The spatial pattern of PGA corresponds well with the distribution of structural damage recorded during the 2006 earthquake. The findings emphasize the significant role of local geology and fault proximity in shaping seismic hazard levels. Consequently, this study provides essential insights for disaster mitigation strategies, land-use planning, and structural vulnerability assessment within the Prambanan area.

Human resource development is the process of preparing individuals to take on higher or different responsibilities within an organization, including enhancing intellectual abilities to support efficient task performance. This study aims to determine the extent to which human resource development contributes to improved employee performance at the East Lombok Regency Health Office. The qualitative, descriptive approach involved eight informants, consisting of officials familiar with the implementation of human resource development and staff who had participated in the program. The results indicate that education and training conducted by the East Lombok Regency Health Office have supported improved employee performance, as evidenced by more structured task implementation, public health monitoring surveys, and a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates. However, in terms of human resource management, there are still shortcomings, with an average of 28 health workers per health facility, both civil servants and non-civil servants, reflecting an imbalance in workforce needs. Furthermore, the implementation of human resource development is supported by leadership commitment, inter-agency collaboration, and budget support from the provincial and central governments. However, it is hampered by limited qualified personnel, frequent policy changes, and the impact of natural disasters.

This study aims to analyze the level of flood hazard in Baturaja Barat District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, by applying a spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the overlay method. The analysis was carried out by integrating six main physical parameters, namely rainfall, land use, elevation, slope, river density, and soil type. Each parameter was assigned a score and weight according to its influence on flood potential and subsequently processed spatially to produce a flood hazard map. The results indicate that the Baturaja Barat District area is classified into three hazard levels: low (3.25%), moderate (70.64%), and high (25.84%). Areas with high hazard levels are predominantly characterized by densely populated settlements situated at low elevations and in close proximity to river networks, particularly in Tanjung Karang, Air Gading, Talang Jawa, Karang Agung, and surrounding villages. These findings highlight that land-use changes, topographic conditions, and the distribution of river networks play significant roles in increasing flood risk. The results of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for spatial planning, the strengthening of disaster mitigation policies, and the enhancement of community preparedness against flood hazards in the region.

The flash floods and landslides that occurred in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah Regencies demonstrate that disaster issues are not only related to natural factors but are also influenced by community social communication patterns. This study aims to analyze disaster communication based on local wisdom to improve preparedness, emergency response, and recovery of disaster-affected communities. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, village officials, and affected communities, as well as field observations and documentation studies. The results indicate that the local wisdom of the Gayo community, such as the role of the village reje, mosque imam, customary deliberations, and the value of maintaining natural balance, serves as an effective and trusted disaster communication medium. However, this local wisdom has not been optimally integrated into the formal disaster communication system of the local government. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between modern communication and local wisdom as a sustainable and contextual disaster communication strategy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategic role of air transportation management in Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW), particularly in archipelagic contexts such as Indonesia, where rapid humanitarian response, territorial surveillance, and civil–military cooperation are essential for resilience. By applying a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this article synthesizes findings on humanitarian logistics, technological transformation, and policy frameworks for strengthening national defense readiness. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology guided by PRISMA principles, analyzing 30 scholarly contributions from 2009–2025, including international peer-reviewed journals, Routledge and Springer volumes, arXiv preprints, and Indonesian academic publications.Results highlight that strategic air  transportation is indispensable for disaster relief, medical evacuation, and supply delivery in archipelagic nations. The adoption of AI, machine learning, UAVs, and reinforcement learning has enhanced responsiveness and equity in humanitarian supply chains. However, persistent challenges include aging fleets, interoperability constraints, and fragmented civil–military coordination. The study underscores the need for modernization of air assets, institutionalized civil–military collaboration, and integration of AI-based routing and command systems. Strengthening these aspects can enhance Indonesia’s resilience and preparedness in MOOTW scenarios. This article uniquely bridges global research on data-driven air power with Indonesian defense perspectives, proposing a scalable strategic framework for air transportation management that advances archipelagic resilience.

This This article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s (SBY) leadership practices during his presidency (2004–2014), highlighting how his character, leadership style, policy implementation, and responses to the nation’s various challenges influenced the direction of Indonesia’s national development. The research employs a descriptive qualitative case study method by analyzing literature sources, government documents, state policies, and relevant academic studies. The findings show that SBY’s leadership was characterized by a democratic-participatory model with a charismatic touch, guiding Indonesia through critical periods such as major natural disasters, global economic changes, and challenges in consolidating democracy. The use of soft diplomacy, political consensus, and transparent governance became hallmarks of the SBY era, accompanied by bureaucratic reform efforts, social innovation, and community involvement in policy-making. This article also discusses the major achievements of SBY’s administration, responses to criticism, and the leadership legacy as a model for future national leaders.

This study examines the collaboration between the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and community organizations, specifically the Forum for Disaster Risk Reduction (FPRB), in implementing community-based disaster mitigation policies in Tamanayu Village, Lumajang. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research explores the dynamics, processes, challenges, and successes of collaborative efforts in disaster risk reduction (DRR) at the local level. The analysis highlights the significance of participatory strategies, local knowledge, and community empowerment in enhancing disaster preparedness and resilience. The involvement of multiple stakeholders—including government, community members, academia, private sector, and media—underpins the practice of the Pentahelix concept, fostering an integrated approach to disaster mitigation. The findings reveal that effective collaboration depends heavily on mutual trust, shared understanding, and a robust institutional framework that embeds disaster mitigation within the social fabric of the community. Challenges identified include coordination issues, limited resources, bureaucratic barriers, and disparities in perception and capacity among stakeholders. Despite these obstacles, the community's proactive measures, such as self-organized simulations and local resource utilization, demonstrate increasing resilience and capacity. The study underscores the importance of strengthening local institutional support, continuous capacity building, and the integration of indigenous knowledge to ensure the sustainability of disaster mitigation efforts. Furthermore, strategic alignment and synchronization between BPBD's top-down policies and bottom-up community initiatives are crucial for effective implementation. The research provides valuable insights into how participatory governance and community empowerment can lead to more resilient societies capable of adapting to evolving risks, including climate-change impacts.

The climate crisis is no longer just a concern for environmental activists, but has evolved into a strategic threat affecting global stability. The climate crisis is now worsening into a serious threat to the sustainability of human life and the existing ecosystems on Earth. In his book, "The Uninhabitable Earth," Arne Naess provides deep insights thru the Deep Ecology approach, which emphasizes the intrinsic value of all forms of life. This study explores the relationship between the environment and cosmology and its impact on human policies and behavior toward nature. By analyzing the interaction between humans and the environment, we show that a paradigm shift toward a holistic understanding can offer sustainable solutions to this climate crisis. The impact of the climate crisis is highly complex and widespread, leading to unstable weather patterns. These unstable weather patterns threaten agriculture, food security, and also result in more frequent and severe natural disasters. We need to explore the root causes of the current climate crisis, the impacts that have already occurred and may come, and the efforts that can be made by individuals, communities, and the international community to address such challenges. This research strongly highlights the importance of collective consciousness and moral responsibility in protecting the planet, while also inviting readers to reflect on their position within the broader web of life. Thru this approach, it is hoped that synergy between human development and environmental sustainability can be achieved.

Indonesia is highly susceptible to natural disasters owing to its geographical location at the intersection of three major tectonic plates. Effective disaster mitigation requires active community participation through education and tangible environmental conservation measures. This community engagement initiative aimed to strengthen community capacity for disaster mitigation and environmental preservation through cross-sectoral collaboration involving the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Faculty of Agriculture at Pattimura University, and the Sagu Salempeng GPM Foundation. Implementation methods comprised disaster mitigation education, extension services on conservation plant cultivation, memorandum of understanding (MoU) signing, and seedling distribution to 12 representatives from 6 villages in Ambon City, Maluku region. Outcomes revealed enhanced community comprehension of disaster mitigation concepts and strengthened commitment toward planting productive species for environmental conservation purposes. This initiative contributes to community resilience development and reinforces Indonesia's Disaster Resilient Village program.

This study aims to analyze the interfaith solidarity of UINSU Law students after natural disasters in North Sumatra and Aceh and to identify the forms of social activities and humanitarian values developed through these humanitarian actions. The research method used is a qualitative method with a field research approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data sources were obtained from students, social volunteers, and disaster-affected communities involved in humanitarian activities. The results of the study indicate that UINSU Law students have an important role in helping communities through fundraising activities, humanitarian volunteers, psychosocial assistance, and interfaith cooperation. The interfaith solidarity carried out by the students was able to strengthen social relationships, increase tolerance, and create social harmony in post-disaster communities. In addition, the values of religious moderation, social concern, and unity became the main foundations of the students’ humanitarian activities. The presence of students among disaster victims gave a positive impact on the social recovery process and strengthened the sense of brotherhood and humanity within Indonesia’s multicultural society.

Wildfires in Los Angeles are a phenomenon that can be analyzed from two main perspectives: science and religion. From a scientific standpoint, these fires are triggered by a combination of natural factors, such as the Santa Ana winds that bring hot and dry air, and climate change, which extends drought periods and increases temperatures. However, human activities, including environmental exploitation, deforestation, and inadequate fire mitigation efforts, have exacerbated the situation. From an Islamic perspective, natural disasters can be seen as tests, warnings, or consequences of human negligence in maintaining environmental balance, as mentioned in the Qur'an (Surah Ar-Rum: 41). This study highlights that wildfires are not merely natural occurrences but also have spiritual dimensions. Islam emphasizes that humans are entrusted as stewards of the earth, responsible for preserving nature rather than passively accepting disasters. Therefore, the best approach to addressing wildfires is to integrate scientific understanding with religious values. Proposed solutions include science-based prevention efforts, such as sustainable forest management and fire mitigation policies, as well as spiritual awareness to appreciate and safeguard nature as a divine trust. By understanding the relationship between science and religion, humanity can take greater responsibility in disaster response and establish a more balanced and sustainable way of life.

The Info BMKG application is a digital platform developed by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) to provide information on weather, earthquakes, air quality, and early disaster warnings. This application is expected to enhance public preparedness in facing potential natural disasters. However, in its implementation, the Info BMKG application still encounters several issues, one of which is delays in delivering weather and disaster information. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Info BMKG application in providing weather and disaster information. The research applies Budiani's (2007) theory, using four indicators: Program Target Accuracy, Program Socialization, Program Objectives, and Program Monitoring. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the Info BMKG application has made a significant contribution to supporting public preparedness for disasters. While the application is relatively effective in providing weather and disaster information in North Jakarta, further development is still needed. Improvements in information accuracy, notification speed, and enhanced public socialization will help improve the quality of the application’s services in the future.

This study explores the practice of participatory communication and creative production implemented by the Anggrek Waste Bank along the Ciliwung River as an educational strategy for flood disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand how community-based waste management initiatives can serve as platforms for environmental learning and social empowerment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study investigates social dynamics, interaction patterns, and meanings constructed by residents through collaborative waste management and creative production activities. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that participatory communication is manifested not only in formal education, counseling, or campaigns, but also in everyday interactions, creative workshops, and collective community work. Creative products such as recycled crafts, soap made from used cooking oil, and eco enzymes function as symbolic communication media that persuasively convey ecological messages while providing tangible economic benefits. These practices foster a sense of ecological responsibility, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community resilience to flooding. This study concludes that participatory communication integrated with creative production serves as an effective model for promoting sustainable behavior and community-based flood mitigation in urban environments.

Nabire Regency, located in Central Papua Province, is among the regions highly vulnerable to flooding due to persistent and intense rainfall throughout the year. Flood disasters generate multifaceted impacts, including economic losses caused by property damage and business disruptions, social issues such as health problems and psychological distress, and environmental degradation in the form of erosion and water pollution. This study aims to formulate mitigation and adaptation strategies for flood disasters by analyzing community perceptions and evaluating existing measures. The research employs the Likert Scale method to assess public perception and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to determine the most effective strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The findings reveal that the community possesses a solid understanding of flood events and acknowledges the necessity of implementing mitigation and adaptation efforts. The AHP analysis indicates that the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) plays a crucial role in executing flood management strategies, particularly within the environmental management domain. The primary recommended strategy is environmental planning and management. Through an integrated and sustainable approach, flood risks are expected to be mitigated more effectively, minimizing adverse impacts on both the community and the environment in Nabire Regency.