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The Legal Unit plays a crucial role in ensuring compliance with banking regulations, particularly in managing customer documents related to data protection and legal risk reduction. This study aims to explore the role and performance of the Legal Unit in managing customer files at Bank Sumsel Babel, Kapten A. Rivai Main Branch, and to identify obstacles and possible solutions. The method chosen in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis, which were then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The research findings indicate that the Legal Unit is responsible for ensuring that document management is carried out regularly, securely, and in accordance with applicable banking regulations. The implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), internal supervision, and the use of digital archives contribute to legal compliance and minimize the risk of document loss and information leakage. Problems encountered include limitations in human resources and incompatibility with digital systems. Therefore, improvements in document management technology, training for human resources, and periodic SOP evaluation are needed to improve the effectiveness of the Legal Unit's work and maintain customer trust.

Business legality is an urgent need for MSMEs, particularly in the food sector, which faces strict regulations and high risks to food safety. However, many MSMEs still lack a Business Identification Number (NIB) or Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection due to low digital literacy and a lack of understanding of licensing procedures. This situation emphasizes the urgency of mentoring so that MSMEs can operate legally and be legally protected. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to assist the Golden Kriuq MSME in obtaining an NIB and increase business owners' understanding of the importance of IPR, branding, and digital marketing. The implementation method uses a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, education, documentation, and direct mentoring. Activities carried out include NIB registration through the OSS Indonesia application, logo, banner, and menu design, business Instagram account creation, location determination on Google Maps, and education on the stages of brand registration through the DJKI system. The results show that Golden Kriuq successfully obtained an NIB, has a more consistent visual identity, and has a more professional digital presence. The program's impact is evident in increased awareness of legality, digital administration readiness, and businesses' ability to compete more professionally and sustainably.

This community service program aims to improve the capacity and sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Paku Village, Payung District, South Bangka, through an integrated intervention approach. The program's primary focus is education on legal protection, digital financial literacy, and product marketing, which can strengthen the competitiveness of rural MSMEs. Rural MSMEs often face various challenges, such as difficulties in complying with legal regulations, limited access to financing, and limited market reach, which hinder their growth. Therefore, this program adopts a participatory approach involving workshops, training, and direct mentoring to provide MSMEs with the knowledge and skills necessary to overcome these challenges. Expected outcomes of this program include increased understanding of business legality, adoption of digital financial transactions, and the implementation of effective digital marketing strategies. Through the integration of these three aspects, this program aims to increase MSME income, expand their competitiveness, and create new jobs at the local level. With long-term impacts that include village economic development and community empowerment, this program is expected to become a sustainable model for MSMEs in other villages in the area.

This community service program aims to improve the capacity and sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Paku Village, Payung District, South Bangka, through an integrated intervention approach. The program's primary focus is education on legal protection, digital financial literacy, and product marketing, which can strengthen the competitiveness of rural MSMEs. Rural MSMEs often face various challenges, such as difficulties in complying with legal regulations, limited access to financing, and limited market reach, which hinder their growth. Therefore, this program adopts a participatory approach involving workshops, training, and direct mentoring to provide MSMEs with the knowledge and skills necessary to overcome these challenges. Expected outcomes of this program include increased understanding of business legality, adoption of digital financial transactions, and the implementation of effective digital marketing strategies. Through the integration of these three aspects, this program aims to increase MSME income, expand their competitiveness, and create new jobs at the local level. With long-term impacts that include village economic development and community empowerment, this program is expected to become a sustainable model for MSMEs in other villages in the area.

Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, yet it is not absolute, as it may be restricted under certain conditions in accordance with international law, such as the protection of reputation, national security, and public order. In Indonesia, this right is guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and its derivative regulations. However, the rapid development of information and communication technology has reshaped the landscape of public discourse. The digital space, while facilitating easier access to and dissemination of information, also presents challenges, including hate speech, misinformation, cyberbullying, and the potential for criminalization due to ambiguous regulations.To respond to these challenges, the Regional Board of Nasyiatul Aisyiyah (PDNA) Semarang organized a community service program in the form of a public dialogue titled “Freedom of Speech: Between Rights and Risks” on August 9, 2025, at the Hall of the Central Java Provincial Archives and Library Service. This activity was carried out through a participatory approach by academics who are also members of PDNA, together with the PDNA Semarang board. Two speakers were presented, Dr. Mochamad Riyanto, S.H., M.Si., a legal expert from Universitas 17 Agustus (Untag) Semarang, and Aris Mulyawan, Chair of the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Semarang. The dialogue produced three main findings: first, the need for legal awareness so that freedom of expression does not lead individuals into legal problems; second, the importance of digital literacy to reduce the spread of hoaxes and hate speech; and third, the urgency of building safe digital spaces through collaboration among communities, media, and educational institutions. The discussion emphasizes that freedom of expression in the digital era must be understood as both a right and a responsibility, requiring a fair regulatory ecosystem and continuous digital literacy enhancement

The misuse of personal data in financial technology (fintech) services, particularly in peer-to-peer lending practices, is showing a worrying upward trend and is an urgent legal issue that requires addressing. Article 32 of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE) serves as a primary legal basis for protecting electronic data. However, the effective implementation of this article in the context of fintech services still faces various challenges. This study employed an empirical legal approach with a combination of literature study and interviews. Interviews were conducted at the Surakarta Financial Services Authority (OJK) Office and with a number of fintech service users as respondents. The results showed that approximately 70% of personal data misuse cases originated from illegal online lending services. The most frequently reported violations included unauthorized use of data (40%), access to contacts and galleries on personal devices (35%), and threats of personal data dissemination (25%). The main obstacles in implementing Article 32 of the ITE Law include the difficulty of tracking perpetrators' jurisdiction, technical limitations in digital forensics, and low public legal literacy. Therefore, policy integration with Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) provisions in POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 is necessary. This study recommends strengthening regulations, establishing an independent supervisory authority, increasing public education, and utilizing digital technology to promote more effective personal data protection in the Indonesian fintech ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the reform of Indonesia’s immigration policy in the era of globalization and to compare it with the immigration policies of other ASEAN countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The research uses a literature review method by analyzing current regulations, international reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that Indonesia has made significant reforms through immigration service digitalization, the implementation of e-visas, and a human rights-based approach. However, compared to neighboring countries, Indonesia still faces challenges in inter-agency coordination, undocumented migrant regulation, and refugee protection. The comparative study reveals that ASEAN countries adopt varied approaches, from merit-based systems to migrant regularization programs. This research concludes that Indonesia has great potential to lead the harmonization of migration policies in the ASEAN region, but it requires stronger legal frameworks and more integrated governance.

The development of the sharia economy in Indonesia demands the existence of a judicial institution capable of resolving disputes in accordance with Islamic legal principles. The Religious Court, through the amendment of Law Number 3 of 2006, has obtained the authority to handle cases in the field of sharia economics, including Islamic banking disputes. However, the implementation of this authority faces various challenges, both in terms of regulation, dualism of authority with general courts, and institutional readiness, such as human resources and infrastructure. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal basis, court practices, and institutional responses in the exercise of this authority. The results of the study indicate that the Religious Court holds great potential as a pillar for upholding sharia economic law but requires reinforcement in various aspects, including improving judges’ competencies, digitalizing the judicial system, and fostering inter-institutional synergy. Moreover, legal protection for justice seekers highly depends on the effectiveness and professionalism of the judicial institution. Therefore, a sustainable strategy is needed to build the institutional capacity of the Religious Court to respond to the dynamics of the sharia economy in a fair, accountable manner and in line with Islamic legal values in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyse the trends and best practices of compulsory motor vehicle insurance in various countries as a lesson for Indonesia. The method used is literature observation with the traditional literature review method of articles published in international journals and practices that have been carried out by several selected countries, namely England, Germany, Kenya, India, Japan, the United States, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. The results of the analysis show findings that most countries implement a compulsory motor vehicle insurance system. This insurance aims to provide financial protection to accident victims and encourage legal compliance among vehicle owners. Although this policy has provided significant benefits, such as reducing the financial burden on victims and more efficient dispute resolution, challenges such as high premiums, the complexity of the claims process, and uninsured vehicles still need to be overcome. The application of digital technology, including blockchain, is expected to increase transparency and efficiency in the claims process. Thus, this article highlights the importance of continuous improvement in the compulsory insurance system to ensure fair and effective protection for all parties involved. Based on these international practices, several recommendations for Indonesia include: strengthening mandatory insurance regulations, implementing technology in the insurance management system, increasing public insurance literacy, and developing policies that anticipate the emergence of autonomous vehicles. This study highlights the importance of learning from international experiences in developing an effective and sustainable compulsory motor vehicle insurance system in Indonesia.

Companies face new challenges in maintaining compliance with business ethics in the digital era which is characterized by technological advancements and globalization. It is essential to implement business laws to ensure that the company's practices not only comply with applicable regulations but also follow high moral standards. The study looks at how business law can help with ethical compliance in the digital environment, including data protection, transparency, and social responsibility. Using case studies from various industries, this study shows that consistent application of business laws and ongoing ethical counseling can create a strong culture of compliance. As a result, the company can not only reduce legal risks but also build a good reputation in the eyes of the public and consumers.

The rapid development of technology has significantly influenced various economic sectors, including finance. Digitalization has introduced opportunities to create more efficient, transparent, and inclusive financial services. Within Islamic finance, technological advancements address challenges such as limited access to Sharia-compliant financial services and complexities in applying Sharia principles practically. One notable innovation is Sharia-based financial technology (fintech), which combines Islamic values with modern technology to provide accessible, ethical, and sustainable financial solutions. This study explores the potential and challenges of Sharia fintech in Indonesia, a country with the largest Muslim population globally. Sharia fintech, including crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending, and halal digital payment platforms, promotes financial inclusion while adhering to Islamic principles. However, its growth faces regulatory hurdles, consumer protection issues, and a lack of public literacy about Sharia-compliant financial products. The research highlights the role of the government and regulatory bodies such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in providing a supportive framework, including legal certainty, technological infrastructure, and public education initiatives. The findings emphasize that effective regulations and strategic government support are critical to fostering Sharia fintech as a pillar of the Islamic economy. With strengthened collaboration between stakeholders, Sharia fintech can contribute significantly to financial inclusion and sustainable economic development in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations in handling fraudulent investments, focusing on the case of Doni Salmanan, a social media influencer involved in illegal investment promotion. Fraudulent investments have become a serious threat to society in Indonesia, especially in the context of the development of digital technology that allows the rapid dissemination of information. This research uses a normative legal research method with a case study approach, examining applicable regulations such as Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection and regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The results of the analysis show that although there are existing regulations to protect consumers, the implementation and supervision of illegal investment activities are still weak. Weak supervision, low public financial literacy, and inadequate sanctions against fraudulent investment actors indicate the need to update and strengthen regulations. This study provides recommendations to improve the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations and build more adaptive mechanisms to prevent investment fraud in the digital era.

The financial technology (fintech) industry in Indonesia has grown rapidly in recent years, having a significant impact on financial inclusion in the country. Fintech provides easier and faster access to financial services, especially for segments of society previously marginalized by the traditional banking system. Fintech services such as digital payments, online loans, and technology-based investments have expanded financial reach to communities in remote areas, MSMEs, and individuals with limited access to conventional banking services. However, with the rapid growth of fintech, challenges arise related to regulation and consumer protection. Inadequate regulation can lead to security risks, legal uncertainty, and potential abuse in digital financial services. Therefore, the Indonesian government has implemented various policies to regulate and supervise the fintech industry, such as the establishment of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) as the main supervisors. This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech developments on financial inclusion in Indonesia and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations in protecting consumers and encouraging the growth of the fintech sector. The results of this research show that although fintech has the potential to significantly increase financial inclusion, more comprehensive regulations and strict law enforcement are needed to ensure that the benefits of fintech can be felt evenly and safely by all levels of society.

This study provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services across ten ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia. As BNPL services rapidly expand throughout the region, understanding the diverse regulatory landscapes and their implications becomes increasingly critical for fostering financial stability, consumer protection, and innovation in the digital financial ecosystem.  Utilizing a literature review methodology, the research examines existing regulations, legal frameworks, and market trends, assessing their impact on financial stability, consumer protection, and fintech innovation.  Singapore is identified as the leader in regulatory practices, effectively balancing fintech innovation with stringent consumer protection. Indonesia and Malaysia emphasize financial inclusion and systemic risk management, with Indonesia's framework focusing on transparency and financial literacy. Thailand and the Philippines are refining their frameworks, while Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Vietnam and Cambodia are still developing their regulatory approaches. BNPL services, driven by growing e-commerce and fintech ecosystems, offer significant opportunities for financial inclusion but also pose challenges related to over-indebtedness, credit risk, and data protection. The analysis emphasizes that while BNPL presents significant opportunities for financial inclusion and fintech innovation, effective regulation is critical to ensuring sustainable growth and protecting consumers from debt traps and financial instability.