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As online platforms become more widely accessible, English learners have greater opportunities to practice speaking with foreign interlocutors, though many remain hesitant due to a lack of confidence in their speaking abilities. This study examines the perceptions of 107 first-semester English learners at a private university who were assigned to use SCMC platforms like Free4Talk, InterPals, and HelloTalk to engage in English conversations with foreign interlocutors. The aim was to understand how these platforms supported speaking practice and identify any challenges faced. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. The results revealed that 78% of students had positive perceptions, indicating that the platforms facilitated their English-speaking practice through real-time communication. However, they also reported technical issues, such as poor internet connectivity, and challenges with engagement, including difficulty finding consistent conversation partners. The study recommends further research into long-term language learner experiences and an exploration of platform features that could enhance English-speaking practice.

This study aims to desribe speech difficulties n children aged 4-5 years at TK Al-Khairat Kindergarten, Gorontalo City. The researcher employed a qualitative research method focusing on the speech diffuculties experienced by children. The study subjects were three children and their parents at TK Al-Khairat Kindergarten in Gorontalo City, Data was collected through interviews and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reducation, data ranging from poor arculation to difficulties in understanding and using vocabulary. The causes influencing these difficulties include motor speech disorders such as apraxia, lack of supportive social interactions, and familly communication patterns. These speech difficulties significantly impact the children’s social-emosional development, such as low self-concept and difficulties building social-emotional development, such as low self-concept and difficulties building social relationship. The study highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate intervention to help children overcome speech difficulties, ultimately supporting their social, emotional, and academic development.

Politeness, for Javanese people is very important. Javanese culture highly upholds politeness or Eastern customs. A person's manners can be seen and assessed from their behavior (patrap) and speech (subasita/unggah-ungguh). So there is a proverb that says "Ajining raga tumata ing busana, ajining dhiri gumantung kedaling lathi", this expression implies that whether someone is good or not can be assessed from the way they dress and speak. Along with the development of the era of globalization today, Javanese cultural values ​​are increasingly being degraded. . The younger generation who are reluctant to apply the manners of Javanese language which are considered complicated, they also have difficulty using polite and respectful language (ragam krama). The reason is that manners are considered difficult so that they (especially young people today) are afraid that if they apply the correct manners incorrectly, they will be considered impolite or arrogant; the second reason is that Javanese language (ungguh-ungguh) is perceived as not bringing progress to their future ideals. Thus, socialization of Javanese politeness was held for elementary school students, with the aim of improving students' character and instilling politeness from an early age. Socialization was carried out for students in grades 5 and 6 at SDN 01 Kayumas and SDN 02 Kayumas. The delivery of simple materials and direct practice made it easier for students to understand the politeness material.

Language has a very important role in human life as a means of daily communication, especially in speaking. Speaking is a way for someone to convey their meaning to another person using words, so that they can be understood. This skill is very crucial, especially for children in elementary school. However, many elementary school students still have difficulty speaking or conveying their ideas and opinions. To overcome this, it is necessary to use learning media that can help develop students' speaking skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach and a type of library research, which collects data from related scientific papers. The results of the literature study show that the use of flash cards as a learning medium can be effective in improving students' speaking skills at the elementary school level. Flash cards contain text, vocabulary, or symbols that help students convey information orally more easily and clearly.

The development of Indonesian in children is important because communication and social interaction are important aspects of their development. Through speaking, they can communicate and interact with other people. One way to encourage language development in early childhood is through social interaction. This research aims to explore how social interaction influences language development in early childhood. We involved 10 students from Istiqomah Kindergarten, including 3 who tend to be introverted and have difficulty interacting with their friends. We use observation methods, interviews with teachers, and observations of students over a certain period. The research results show that social interaction has a significant role in improving language skills in early childhood. The development of Indonesian in children is important because communication and social interaction are important aspects of their development. Through speaking, they can communicate and interact with other people. One way to encourage language development in early childhood is through social interaction. This research aims to explore how social interaction influences language development in early childhood. The research results show that social interaction has a significant role in improving language skills in early childhood.    

Speaking skills require students to be able to communicate with other students. Many students still have difficulty speaking in public. They may not even be confident in expressing ideas or opinions either in class or in public. Therefore, in Islamic religious education, students must be trained in public speaking skills and self-confidence. This can be achieved at school by using the presentation method of learning public speaking.To build students' public speaking skills and self-confidence by using presentation methods in the Islamic religious education learning process, there needs to be support from various school components, especially teachers, in carrying out learning in class.1. This research focuses on discussing presentations in building student public speaking which focuses on what is the concept of presentation methods in learning Islamic religious education at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo? 2. What are the teacher's efforts to build students' public speaking skills and self-confidence in learning PAI at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo? 3. How do you apply the presentation method to build public speaking and students' self-confidence in learning Islamic character religious education at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo?The research method for this research is field research or field research, which is a research approach used to obtain concrete data in field research. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Research that aims to describe and analyze social actions, events, phenomena, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and thoughts of individuals both individually and in groups is known as qualitative research. Some descriptions are used to discover principles and explain what leads to conclusions.

The inability to learn to read is a problem that results in a student being unable to follow the learning process properly and unable to achieve the expected learning goals. The four basic skills that students must have when studying in elementary schools in Indonesia are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The purpose of writing this paper is to determine and analyze the difficulties of learning to read students in learning Indonesian in class V SD 5 Kaarangbener. This article is the result of an analysis of literature related to the topic of discussion. The model used is a literature survey or literature review. The results of this research show that most students still do not understand when the teacher provides Indonesian language material. There are several factors that cause students to have difficulty learning Indonesian. Based on these results, it can be concluded that class V students at SD 5 Karangbener still have difficulty reading when learning Indonesian.